




版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昭通學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.contaminating
B.extinguishing
C.stimulating
D.transporting
【答案】C
【解析】考查句間邏輯的并列關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)contaminating“污染,弄臟”;B選項(xiàng)extinguishing“償清(債務(wù));取消(權(quán)利、義務(wù))”;C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激;激勵(lì)”;D選項(xiàng)transporting“運(yùn)輸;使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺(jué);流放”。句意:低利率創(chuàng)造了寬松的信貸條件,____了住房建設(shè)熱潮并鼓勵(lì)了消費(fèi)。原文and并列的是fuelingahousingconstructionboom和encouragingconsumption“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)”,那么劃線詞應(yīng)與encouraging“鼓勵(lì)”語(yǔ)義方向一致,C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激;激勵(lì)”符合語(yǔ)境。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。
2.單選題
Itwas(
)wehadhoped.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.moreasuccessthan
B.asuccessmorethan
C.muchofasuccessas
D.asuccessasmuchas
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配morethan“超過(guò)……”,可排除選項(xiàng)C和D。又因?yàn)閣ehadhoped是一個(gè)完整的句子,所以用morethan+句子,表示“超過(guò)……”。句意:這是一次超過(guò)預(yù)期的成功。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.單選題
Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”
Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.
From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.
DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”
DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.
Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.
Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.
ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.
DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.
1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly(
).
2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.
3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat(
).
4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto(
).
5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,
6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.
7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?
8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated(
).
9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto(
).
10.Thisarticle(
).
11.GiventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgerontoistheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor(
).
12.Thewordchallenginginline7means(
).
13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is(
).
14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is(
).
15.Thewordpromisinginline52means(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.
B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces
C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled
D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty
E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed
B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife
C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary
D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon
E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical
B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen
C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath
D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen
E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage
B.usenumbersandreadtimetables
C.readtimetablesandusemaps
D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables
E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly
B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss
C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage
D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation
E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases
B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked
C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder
D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper
B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth
C.Yourmother’sname
D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”
E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware
B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors
C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs
D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople
E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.marrysomeonequietanddependable
B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage
C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious
D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations
E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch
B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly
C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities
D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly
E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield
B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople
C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch
D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology
E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.supporting
B.supplyingevidencefor
C.disproving
D.bringingintodoubt
E.suspicious
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging
B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain
C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize
D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging
E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.easy
B.bending
C.difficult
D.strong
E.rigid
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.indicatingadefiniteresult
B.productive
C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults
D.guaranteeingcertainresults
E.guaranteedbytheevidence
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:E
第3題:E
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:C
第10題:C
第11題:D
第12題:D
第13題:A
第14題:E
第15題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難記起曾經(jīng)的同事的名字)。干擾項(xiàng)為C:很難記起一些自己的同事的名字。此處“一些”與原文不符。因此A項(xiàng)“很難記起自己的同事是誰(shuí)”正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些專家說(shuō),某些藝術(shù)家和知識(shí)分子晚年的智力和創(chuàng)造性生產(chǎn)力,與其說(shuō)是一種理想,不如說(shuō)是一種例外)。由此可知E項(xiàng)“不認(rèn)為這類人可以被當(dāng)成普通人的模范”正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問(wèn)的是DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),據(jù)此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降體現(xiàn)在基本的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算能力上。到80歲末的時(shí)候,男女的基本數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算能力僅大約是其50歲時(shí)的一半)。故E項(xiàng)“男女計(jì)算能力的喪失都很嚴(yán)重”正確。B項(xiàng)“在計(jì)算能力喪失方面,女人比男人更嚴(yán)重”與第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同,男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A項(xiàng)“男女智力下降的模式幾乎是一致的”及D項(xiàng)“在歸納推理能力喪失方面,男女老年人大約是一致的”不正確。C項(xiàng)“在老年婦女中,歸納推理與基本數(shù)學(xué)能力因年齡增長(zhǎng)而喪失的程度是一樣”,文中沒(méi)有提及。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最嚴(yán)重智力下降之一被證明是在語(yǔ)言理解能力上,它在女人邁入70歲時(shí)下降的相對(duì)較少,但等他們到80歲的時(shí),它就會(huì)很快下降差不多25%)及第三題的分析“85歲女人的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算能力也會(huì)大大降低”得知正確答案為A“使用數(shù)字及理解語(yǔ)言”。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段第三句說(shuō)DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的前沿專家)。第四句說(shuō):DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)受MacArthur基金贊助的有關(guān)成功老齡化的研究網(wǎng)絡(luò))。由此可知C項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)緊密的研究協(xié)會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),該協(xié)會(huì)研究如何保持老年健康”正確。
6.語(yǔ)義題。題干意思為:在老年人中,人與人之間的差異都很大:一組人的年齡越大,組員之間的差異就更大。因此E項(xiàng)“人類群體中成員間的整體相似性隨年齡的増加而減少”正確。
7.推理判斷題。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固態(tài)記憶指經(jīng)年累積的詞匯或其它知識(shí),其能很好地保持到年老時(shí))。因此A項(xiàng)“上周報(bào)紙的一個(gè)標(biāo)題”不屬于固態(tài)記憶。
8.推理判斷題。DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同,男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同類型的記憶在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期和短期記憶、注意力、推理和計(jì)算等心理技能的計(jì)算機(jī)測(cè)試);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(將一個(gè)人的分?jǐn)?shù)與其他同齡人、中年人和其他專業(yè)人士的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較)。因此可知這些人的研究方向是有重疊的,故C項(xiàng)“將有可能證實(shí)DrSchaie的一些發(fā)現(xiàn),卻會(huì)讓DrMons的發(fā)現(xiàn)失效”正確。
9.推理判斷題。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement(一份成功的事業(yè)或生活中的其它活動(dòng),退休后保持強(qiáng)烈的精神情趣)及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易適應(yīng)變化,喜歡學(xué)習(xí)新東西與去新的地方),這些都被DrSchaie認(rèn)為是在年老時(shí)精神功能良好的預(yù)示,研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅與具有這些特點(diǎn)的人生活都是受益的(Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial),并且DrSchaie說(shuō)“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse(有一個(gè)高功能的配偶是有幫助的)。因此如果向DrSchaie征求關(guān)于尋找伴侶的意見,他更會(huì)建議“與一個(gè)充滿活力與好奇心的人結(jié)婚”。
10.主旨大意題。文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系知C項(xiàng)“概述了在了解年齡增長(zhǎng)與智力活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系方面取得的最新進(jìn)展”正確。
11.主旨大意題。題干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希臘語(yǔ)的詞根,意思是“老人”(見第22行),我們可以合理地推斷這篇文章針對(duì)的人群是。該文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系,而且專業(yè)性不是很強(qiáng)。因此D項(xiàng)“接受過(guò)大學(xué)教育并對(duì)老年學(xué)研究進(jìn)展感興趣的的讀者”正確。
12.詞義題。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)一些基本假設(shè)提出了挑戰(zhàn),比如認(rèn)為這種下降是衰老過(guò)程的自然組成部分,與一般健康狀況無(wú)關(guān)),因此這里的challenging為動(dòng)詞,因此D項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑”正確。
13.詞義題。cognitive(認(rèn)知的,認(rèn)識(shí)的)本身是形容詞,可以直接排除B項(xiàng)(動(dòng)詞,表示…),C項(xiàng)與E項(xiàng)(名詞,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多歲自愿參加認(rèn)知測(cè)試的人中,有20%到30%的人表現(xiàn)出色,30多歲和40多歲的人也表現(xiàn)出色,他們大概處于精神發(fā)育的最佳時(shí)期)。因此A項(xiàng)“與認(rèn)識(shí)與判斷行為相關(guān)的一個(gè)形容詞”正確。
14.詞義題。對(duì)aflexibleattitude的解釋為:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易適應(yīng)變化,喜歡學(xué)習(xí)新東西與去新的地方)。故flexible的意思為“靈活多變”。其反義詞為E項(xiàng)“僵硬的,死板的”。
15.詞義題。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年時(shí)態(tài)度靈活也是一個(gè)很有前途的指標(biāo))。因此Promising表示”有希望的,有前途的”。故選C“有力地暗示可能結(jié)果”。
4.翻譯題
Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(1)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.
Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof”.Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(2)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.
Anthropologyisafieldstudyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.(3)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirsthand,combinedwithacrossculturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.(4)Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.(5)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.
【答案】1.而且,人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,然后讓所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。
2.社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支,它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
4.泰勒把文化定義為“……是一個(gè)復(fù)合整體,它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其他能力和習(xí)慣”。
5.因此,人類學(xué)中“文化”概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣,是一個(gè)抽象概念,它使得大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。
5.單選題
______naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Scientific
B.Animate
C.Good
D.Large
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Scientific“科學(xué)的”;B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”;C選項(xiàng)Good“良好的”;D選項(xiàng)Large“大量的;廣泛的”。句意:______的物種是指所有有生命的動(dòng)植物。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”比較符合語(yǔ)境,這里是在解釋有生命的物種是什么,符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Singaporehasonly226squaremilesofkind,butitstandsforemostamongthenationsofSouthEastAsiainhaving().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%
B.maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%
C.maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate
D.6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%“經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)保持在6%以上”;B選項(xiàng)maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%“保持年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)6倍以上”;C選項(xiàng)maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate“經(jīng)濟(jì)增速保持在6%以上”;D選項(xiàng)6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained“經(jīng)濟(jì)保持年均6%的增長(zhǎng)速度”。句意:新加坡只有226平方英里的土地,但它在東南亞國(guó)家中擁有重要的地位……,結(jié)合句意,可知選項(xiàng)C正確。
7.單選題
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.
Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”
Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”
Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”
1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.
2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.
3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.
4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.nodriveandambition
B.noelectriclighting
C.thebestsleephabits
D.somethingtodointheevening
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife
B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit
C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly
D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy
B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife
C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday
D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit
B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied
C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied
D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.improveone’smemorydramatically
B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople
C.maintainone’sdailyschedule
D.feelenergeticandperformadequately
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.(我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。)”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.(當(dāng)天很黑,我們晚上在農(nóng)場(chǎng)無(wú)所事事的時(shí)候,最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。)”,由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆](méi)有照明所以農(nóng)場(chǎng)里沒(méi)有事情可做,人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣,所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒(méi)有提到,C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,文中說(shuō)到了他們晚上無(wú)事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyn
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 老王說(shuō)課課件教學(xué)
- 2025年白蘭地市場(chǎng)專項(xiàng)調(diào)研及投資前景預(yù)測(cè)報(bào)告
- 農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)廠區(qū)智能化管理與物業(yè)服務(wù)協(xié)議
- 《企業(yè)股權(quán)激勵(lì)計(jì)劃與員工持股管理協(xié)議書》
- 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)財(cái)務(wù)擔(dān)保合同負(fù)債風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制與服務(wù)合同
- 特定礦區(qū)采礦權(quán)抵押擔(dān)保貸款合同
- 水上公園草坪除草與水上活動(dòng)保障合同
- 財(cái)務(wù)顧問(wèn)公司合伙人聘用合同
- 電力設(shè)備鈑金外殼制造與防火噴漆服務(wù)合同
- 建筑施工安全管理?xiàng)l例
- 鋼絲繩吊裝時(shí)最大允許吊裝重物對(duì)應(yīng)表
- 2023年呂梁市文水縣社區(qū)工作者招聘考試真題
- 國(guó)開2023秋《習(xí)近平總書記教育重要論述研究》形考任務(wù)一參考答案
- 2023年廣西公需科目關(guān)于人才工作的重要論述答案
- 設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)價(jià)單模板
- DB41T2513-2023核桃蛀果害蟲防控技術(shù)規(guī)程
- 比例方程練習(xí)題
- 常用型鋼理論重量速查表
- 離婚登記申請(qǐng)受理回執(zhí)單
- 鍋爐標(biāo)書范本
- 第章 細(xì)菌藥敏試驗(yàn)及其耐藥表型檢測(cè)
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論