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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-喀什職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Parentsoftenfacedthe()betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopment,ofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.junction
B.paradox
C.premise
D.dilemma
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)junction“連接,接合,樞紐”;B選項(xiàng)paradox“自相矛盾的說(shuō)法”;C選項(xiàng)premise“前提”;D選項(xiàng)dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的局面”。句意:父母總是_____的選擇:到底是該做他們自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展有益的事,還是該容忍孩子任性的吵鬧和破壞。這里表達(dá)的意思是父母面臨兩難的抉擇,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.單選題
It’sabsolutely()thatyougetthatformsentoffbythetwenty-thirdofthismonth.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.vital
B.fatal
C.mortal
D.neutral
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vital“至關(guān)重要的,生死攸關(guān)的”;fatal“致命的;重大的;毀滅性的”;mortal“凡人的;致死的”;neutral“中立的,中性的”。句意:你這個(gè)月二十三號(hào)把那個(gè)表格寄出去,這非常重要。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.翻譯題
A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.
1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare()(均衡的飲食對(duì)健康是必不可少的)。
2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which()(把美觀和功能完美地結(jié)合起來(lái))。
3.我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。
4.認(rèn)識(shí)落后,才能改變落后。學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn),才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。
5.一個(gè)不怕困難、百折不撓、堅(jiān)持到底的科學(xué)工作者一定會(huì)在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。
【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.
2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.
3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.
4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.
5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.
4.單選題
Otherfactors(
)tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.causing
B.giving
C.contributing
D.resulting
【答案】C
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。cause“成為…的原因,導(dǎo)致”;give“提供,給予”;contribute“貢獻(xiàn),出力,通常和介詞to連用”;result“導(dǎo)致,發(fā)生”;根據(jù)空格后的介詞to和句意‘(
)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的其他因素是先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和更好的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)?!_定C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
15.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.
B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.
C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.
D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.
【答案】D
【解析】M:Ijustwant
tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?
W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!
M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.
Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō):Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故選D。
6.單選題
“Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,”JosephConradoncesaid.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.mighty
B.prospective
C.odd
D.formidable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。weird表示“奇怪的,不可思議的”;A項(xiàng)mighty“強(qiáng)有力的”,B項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的”,C項(xiàng)odd“古怪的”,D項(xiàng)formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意:約瑟夫?康納德(JosephConrad)曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“口頭語(yǔ)言擁有神奇的力量?!备鶕?jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Wehavebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointinggraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.gotocollege
B.anarmyof
C.disappointinggraduates
D.either
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞的使用。disappointing是形容詞,表示“令人失望的”,一般用于事物給人的感覺(jué),修飾是事物,這里修飾的名詞是graduates(畢業(yè)生),該處應(yīng)該要表示“感到失望的畢業(yè)生”,所以要用disappointed(感到失望的)。句意:我們被告知,年輕人必須上大學(xué),因?yàn)槲覀兊慕?jīng)濟(jì)無(wú)法吸納大批未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的18歲青年。但失望的畢業(yè)生們發(fā)現(xiàn),它也無(wú)法再吸收大批訓(xùn)練有素的22歲年輕人。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
8.單選題
Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.
In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.
ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.
MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.
1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?
2.Nursinghomes().
3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto()elders.
4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis().
5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theyfeellonely.
B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.
C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.
D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare
B.helpkeepeldersyoung
C.aresetupfortrainingnurses
D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.collectmoneyfor
B.showconcernsfor
C.findhousesfor
D.educatepeopletohelp
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof
B.whereandhowelderslive
C.whoneedsmedicalcare
D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.liveinnursinghomes
B.travelmore
C.livewithyoungerpeople
D.dosomehousework
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致,正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不斷的醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人才應(yīng)該住進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院。也就是說(shuō),養(yǎng)老院對(duì)需要持續(xù)醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人有益。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美國(guó),教育年輕人和老年人關(guān)注老年人的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致,正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的三四句,MaggieKuhn鼓勵(lì)老人繼續(xù)住在自己的房子里,和年輕人生活在一起,有孩子在身邊是很重要的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
9.單選題
4.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.
B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.
C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.
D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.
【答案】D
【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.
W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
【解析】態(tài)度方向。男士提議定披薩,女士說(shuō):Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀,我同意)。
10.單選題
Thefarmisamajormarketplaceformillionsoftonsofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,andforadvancedmachineryandthefuelrequiredtorunit.Themodemsuper-farm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.Ondiversifiedfarms,majorenergyneedsmaybesuppliedbyresidenthumansandanimals.Soilfertilitymaybemaintainedbyalternatingcashcropsandrestorativecrops,andalsobyreturninganimalmanuretothesoil.Thisfarmingmodelofrelativelyself-sufficientagriculture,andthewayoflifeassociatedwithit,arestilleconomicallyviable,asdemonstratedbyprosperousAmishfarmersandotherpractitionersof“alternative”agriculture.Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagriculturearetheenergy-savingpracticesonlarge“organic”farms,whicharethoroughlymechanizedbutwhichminimizetheuseofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.
Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.Whenfossilenergywascheap,applicationsoffertilizersandpesticidespaidlargedividends,sofarmerswereencouragedtousetheseproducts.Soonmostfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide.Farmersindryregionsenjoyedaneraofcheapwater,obtainedfrompubliclysubsidizedirrigationsystemsorfrompumpinggroundwaterusinginexpensiveenergy.ThesoiltoowasexpendableasdemandgrewforU.S.agriculturalproducts.
Theperiodofextraordinaryprofligacyintheuseofsoil,water,andfossilfuelsmaywellbeatanend.Thenewstructureoflargefarmsisquitesensitivetocostfactors.Theseadaptivefarms,whosedevelopmentwasassistedbypublictax,subsidy,andresearchpolicies,haveaccesstocapital,technologies,andmanagementskills,enablingthemtoswitchrelativelyquicklytoresource-conservingpractices—forexample,toalow-tillagesystemthatrequireslessfuel,thatshepherdssoilmoisture,andthatmayreducesoilerosion.Itseemslikelythatfederalprogramsthathaveenlargedourfarms,therefore,havehadafurtherresultofcreatingthepotentialforamoreconservingagriculture.Withrespecttoenergyuse,forexample,energycostsperunitofoutputarelowerforlargefarms,mainlybecausethesefarmsquicklyeconomizedonenergyascostsrose.Inthefuture,accordingtooneauthoritativeassessment,“agriculturalproductionislikelytousecapitalandlandmoreintensivelybutenergy,fertilizerandlaborlessintensively”.
1.Themaindifferencebetweenthemodemsuper-farmanddiversifiedfarmsliesin()
2.Thesecondparagraphfocusesonthefactthat()
3.Theword‘profligacy’inParagraphThreemostprobablymeans()
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheproblemofresourceconservationinagriculture()
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theirsizes
B.themachineryemployed
C.thedegreeofdependenceonresources
D.thekindsofcropscultivatedandanimalsraised
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.fossilenergywasonceverycheap
B.farmsindryareascouldgetcheapwater
C.mostAmericanfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide
D.mainstreamAmericanagricultureusedtobewastefulofenergy,waterandland
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.wastefulness
B.carefulness
C.profitability
D.economy
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thefarmingmodelandthewayoflifeondiversifiedfarmsareworkable.
B.Large‘organic’farmsuselargeamountsofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.
C.Thenewadaptivefarmsarecapableofresource-conservingpractices.
D.Toreducesoilerosionisaresource-conservingpractice.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.hasbeensolvedintheU.S.
B.hasnotyetbeenpaidanyattention
C.isbeingseriouslyandeffectivelydealtwith
D.willsoonbesolvedbyusingmorecapitalandland
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Themodemsuperfarm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.”現(xiàn)代超級(jí)農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模大、高度資本化,與曾經(jīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的多樣化的小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)相比,資源依賴(lài)性強(qiáng)。因此,兩者的不同主要在于資源依賴(lài)的程度不同。選項(xiàng)C正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.”相比之下,直到最近,美國(guó)主流農(nóng)業(yè)在能源、水和土地的使用上還很粗心。接下來(lái),作者分別從能源、水和土壤三方面描述了浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
3.詞義題。第三段的首句是承接上一段的內(nèi)容,第二段主要是講美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)土壤、水和化石燃料的浪費(fèi)。所以profligacy指wastefulness,選項(xiàng)A正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagricultureare...syntheticfertilizers.”與今天的主流農(nóng)業(yè)特別相關(guān)的是大型“有機(jī)”農(nóng)場(chǎng)的節(jié)能做法,這些農(nóng)場(chǎng)完全機(jī)械化,能夠最大限度地減少農(nóng)藥和合成肥料的使用。所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯(cuò)誤。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知農(nóng)業(yè)資源保護(hù)問(wèn)題正在得到認(rèn)真有效的解決。選項(xiàng)C正確。
11.單選題
Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytospurfurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.renovate
B.advocate
C.arouse
D.stimulate
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spur意為“鞭策,激勵(lì),刺激”;renovate意為“翻新,修復(fù),整修”;advocate意為“提倡”;arouse意為“引起”;stimulate意為“促進(jìn),激勵(lì),刺激”。
句意:科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特性是它能夠激勵(lì)對(duì)某一特定主題的進(jìn)一步研究和思考。
12.單選題
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.
SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.
2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.
3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.
4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.
5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.posingacontrast
B.justifyinganassumption
C.makingacomparison
D.explainingaphenomenon
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals
B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature
C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother
D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget
B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions
C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament
D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.prefergrapestocucumbers
B.canbetaughttoexchangethings
C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated
D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“開(kāi)篇作者是通過(guò)什么方法切入主題?”。首段舉出人們對(duì)加薪不等的事情會(huì)氣憤,說(shuō)這種行為是“人類(lèi)化的”(alltoohuman),但現(xiàn)在有研究表明這種行為也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行為。這里對(duì)這種行為的兩種可能的屬性進(jìn)行類(lèi)比以引出全文的主題;B項(xiàng)“證實(shí)一種假設(shè)”,原文提出的假定原本是人與猴不一樣,所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”,這個(gè)說(shuō)法不能夠?qū)㈤_(kāi)頭和主題的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系結(jié)合起來(lái)。另外根據(jù)第二段第二行l(wèi)iketheirfemalehumancounterparts(就像女性人類(lèi)一樣)可知,這是比較的相同點(diǎn);A項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)比”和C項(xiàng)“做出對(duì)照”看起來(lái)都是對(duì)的,但是A項(xiàng)里面的contrast是指不同處的比較,comparison是指相同處的比較,因此該題C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么?”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行為,根據(jù)第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.(然而,如果你得知一位同事的工資比你高,你自己的快樂(lè)就會(huì)消失)和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.(事實(shí)上,如果他以懶散著稱(chēng),你甚至可能會(huì)感到憤怒)可以推斷出,人類(lèi)對(duì)不公平的待遇會(huì)憤怒;最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有這種行為,稱(chēng)為alltoomonkey;因此alltoomonkey暗示對(duì)不公平的憎恨猴子也會(huì)。A項(xiàng)“猴子也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒”,文中只是提到人會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒,沒(méi)有說(shuō)動(dòng)物也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒,所以不選;C項(xiàng)“猴子和人一樣,也會(huì)彼此嫉妒”是干擾項(xiàng),文中的主題是告訴大家猴子和人一樣對(duì)不公平也會(huì)憤怒;D項(xiàng)“除了猴子沒(méi)有動(dòng)物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情”,文中沒(méi)有提到其他動(dòng)物,所以不選。因此該題只有B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“選擇雌性卷尾猴作為研究對(duì)象,很可能是因?yàn)樗鼈兇_實(shí)是……?”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.(和人類(lèi)女性一樣,它們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價(jià)值),可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更會(huì)權(quán)衡。B項(xiàng)“注意研究員的指示”,沒(méi)提到,所以不選;C項(xiàng)“漂亮且性情溫和”,第二段確實(shí)提到了雌性猴子可愛(ài)且性情溫和,但是這不是它們會(huì)被作為研究對(duì)象的原因,是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿祟?lèi)女性一樣對(duì)價(jià)值的權(quán)衡才是研究的原因;D項(xiàng)“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博士最終在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),猴子……”。最后一段第三句Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.(只有當(dāng)每只動(dòng)物都覺(jué)得沒(méi)有被欺騙時(shí),這種合作才有可能穩(wěn)定下來(lái))可知,如果感覺(jué)受到欺騙,猴子之間的合作就被打破了。A項(xiàng)“相比黃瓜更喜歡葡萄”和B項(xiàng)“被教會(huì)交換東西”都是實(shí)驗(yàn)中采取的一些行動(dòng),不是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果,所以不選;D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)被分開(kāi)時(shí)會(huì)不高興”,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是斷章取義,因此錯(cuò)誤。所以,本題正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。
5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從最后一段我們可以推斷出什么?”。A選項(xiàng)“猴子可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練來(lái)發(fā)展社交情緒”,看最后一段第一句Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions(研究認(rèn)為,卷尾猴和人類(lèi)一樣,也會(huì)受到社會(huì)情緒的引導(dǎo))可知,社會(huì)情緒是受引導(dǎo)而不是訓(xùn)練,A項(xiàng)不選;C項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物通常像人一樣公開(kāi)表達(dá)自己的感情”,看最后一段第三行Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.(義憤填膺的情緒,似乎并不是人類(lèi)獨(dú)有的),這里文中描述的是憤怒的情緒,開(kāi)頭也是以不公平待遇的憤怒開(kāi)篇,C選項(xiàng)有點(diǎn)過(guò)度解讀,所以不選;D項(xiàng)“猴子之間的合作只有在野外才能保持穩(wěn)定”,文中是說(shuō)不受到欺騙才會(huì)穩(wěn)定,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的憤慨起源于一個(gè)不確定的來(lái)源”,根據(jù)最后一句whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshas35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類(lèi)身上獨(dú)立進(jìn)化而來(lái)的,還是來(lái)自于3500萬(wàn)年前該物種的共同祖先,至今仍是一個(gè)未解之謎),可知人類(lèi)的這種憤慨起源于不確定的因素,因此B項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis()inpublicationorfilms.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.evil
B.obscure
C.obscene
D.opaque
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evil“惡毒的;邪惡的”;B選項(xiàng)obscure“無(wú)名的;鮮為人知的”;C選項(xiàng)obscene“淫穢的;猥褻的”;D選項(xiàng)opaque“不透明的;不透光的”。句意:審查員的職責(zé)是確保出版物或電影中沒(méi)有淫穢內(nèi)容。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“審查員的職責(zé)”可知C符合句意。
14.寫(xiě)作題
WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:
SupposeyouareinterestedinaresearchprogramattheUniversityofCalifornia,UnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtodoresearchatthatuniversity.
【答案】略
15.翻譯題
商務(wù)印書(shū)館是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代出版史上歷史最悠久的文化出版機(jī)構(gòu)。作為國(guó)內(nèi)外著名的出版機(jī)構(gòu),它為文化的傳播和新知識(shí)的介紹做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。出版物遍及社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、應(yīng)用技術(shù)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、兒童讀物、教科書(shū)、中外語(yǔ)文辭書(shū)、各類(lèi)雜志和各個(gè)門(mén)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)的工具書(shū)。商務(wù)印書(shū)館的出版物,對(duì)我國(guó)思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影響。
通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)在過(guò)去的幾十年中取得了很大的成功,已引起了人們對(duì)未來(lái)的廣泛的關(guān)注,一些國(guó)家正在采用衛(wèi)星來(lái)發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)的通信,以取代傳統(tǒng)的陸地電話(huà)線(xiàn)。但是,衛(wèi)星研制、發(fā)射和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的成本很高,超出了一些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)承受能力。盡管如此,通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)得到了越來(lái)越多的人的重視和支持,這種技術(shù)會(huì)在未來(lái)更加普及。
【答案】TheCommercialPressistheoldestculturalpublishinghouseinthehistoryofChina’scontemporarypublication.Asawell-knownpublishinghouseenjoyinggreatprestigebothathomeandabroad,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothepropagationofcultureandtheintroductionofnewknowledge.Bookspublishedbyitincludevariouscategoriesofpublicationsrelativetosocialscience,naturescience,appliedscience,artandliterature,children’sbooks,textbooks,dictionariesofChineseandforeignlanguages,differentkindsofmagazinesandspecializedreferencebooks,whichhaveexertedgreatinfluenceintheideological,culturalandeducationalcirclesofourcountry.
Communicationsatellitesystemshavebeenquiteasuccessinthepastdecades,evokingwidespreadattentiontotheirfuture.Somecountrieshavebeenusingsatellitesfordomesticcommunicationsinplaceofconventionaltelephonelinesonland.Butsatellites’development,launchingandoperationaresocostlythatsomecountriescan’tafford.Inspiteofallthis,communicationsatellitesaregainingattentionandsupportfrommoreandmorepeople.Thetechniqueseemslikelytobemorewidelyutilizedinthefuture.
16.單選題
Coffeeisthe()ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.majority
B.staple
C.spice
D.elite
【答案】B
【解析】句意:咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品,給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來(lái)很多收入。
考查名詞辨析。majority大部分,大多數(shù);staple主要產(chǎn)品,訂書(shū)釘,主食;spice香料,調(diào)味品,風(fēng)味;elite上層人士,掌權(quán)人物,精英。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。
17.單選題
Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor()thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpace.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.complication
B.danger
C.obstacle
D.hazard
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥,復(fù)雜”;B選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”;D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意:他們拒絕妥協(xié)是阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的主要()。這里原句表達(dá)的意思是“阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的障礙”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.單選題
Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,theirappeal______bytheircomfortandaffordability.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.overwhelmed
B.corroded
C.complicated
D.broadened
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“(感情或感覺(jué))充溢,難以禁受;擊敗,征服”;B選項(xiàng)corroded“腐蝕,侵蝕”;C選項(xiàng)complicated“使復(fù)雜”;D選項(xiàng)broadened“擴(kuò)寬,擴(kuò)大”。句意:牛仔褲最初是為礦工設(shè)計(jì)的工作服,現(xiàn)在受到社會(huì)各階層的追捧,它的吸引力因?yàn)槭孢m和實(shí)惠的特點(diǎn)而______。這里要填的是牛仔褲的吸引力因?yàn)槭孢m和實(shí)惠的特點(diǎn)而怎么樣,D選項(xiàng)broadened“擴(kuò)寬,擴(kuò)大”符合題意,也對(duì)應(yīng)前面牛仔褲受歡迎的特點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
19.單選題
Worldleadersneedtotakeactionontheenergycrisisthatistakingshapebeforeoureyes.Oilpricesare(1)anditlookslessandlesslikelythatthisisabubble.Thepriceofcoalhasdoubled.CountriesasfarapartasSouthAfricaandTajikistanare(2)bypowercuts.Richstates,nolongerstrangerstoperiodicblackouts(斷電),areworriedabout(3)ofenergysupply.Inthedevelopingworld,1.6billionpeople—aroundaquarterofthehumanrace—haveno(4)toelectricity.
Ibelievethatfundamentalchangesare(5)intheenergyfieldwhosesignificancewehavenotyetfullygrasped.Global(6)forenergyisrisingfastasthepopulationincreasesanddevelopingcountriessuchasChinaandIndia(7)dramaticeconomicgrowth.TheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)saystheworld’senergyneedscouldbe50%(8)in2030thantheyaretoday.Yetthefossilfuelsonwhichtheworldstilldependsare(9)andfarfromenvironmentallyfriendly.Seriousthoughtneedstobegivennowtocreatingfeasible(10).Theneedforcoordinatedpoliticalactiononenergyandrelated(11)—climatechangeandalleviatingpoverty,tonamebuttwo—hasneverbeenmore(12).Yetthereisnoglobalenergy(13)inwhichthecountriesoftheworldcanagree(14)jointsolutionstothepotentiallyenormousproblemswesee(15).
Sodoestheworldreallyneedyetanotherinternationalorganization?(16),yes.Aglobalenergyorganizationwould(17),notreplace,bodiesalreadyactiveintheenergyfield.Itwouldbringavitalinter-governmental(18)tobearonissueswhichcannotbeleftto(19)forcesalone,suchasthedevelopmentofnewenergytechnology,theroleofnuclearpowerandinnovativesolutionsforreducingpol
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