考研考博-英語-臺(tái)州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臺(tái)州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脫；refuge避難；life生活；hiding躲藏，隱匿。句意：持不同政見者決定去國外。takerefuge為固定搭配，意為“避難，（以掩飾等手段）逃脫困境”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

3.單選題

Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.request

B.claim

C.requirement

D.demand

【答案】D

【解析】句意：今年的蘋果供不應(yīng)求。supply供給對(duì)應(yīng)demand需求。選項(xiàng)D更符合。

4.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意:美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是（

）人們對(duì)奴隸制是否廢除持不同的態(tài)度。

arisefrom產(chǎn)生于，起因于。contributeto有助于，捐獻(xiàn)。patchup修補(bǔ)，平息。participatein參加，分擔(dān)。stemfrom:起源于，來自于。故選A。

5.單選題

His（

）andunwillingnesstolearnfromotherspreventhimfrombeinganeffectivememberoftheteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrogance

B.dignity

C.humility

D.solitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。arrogance“自負(fù)；傲慢態(tài)度”；dignity“尊嚴(yán)；高貴”；humility“謙卑；謙遜”；solitude“孤獨(dú)；隱居；荒僻的地方”。句意：他很傲慢，并且不愿意向他人學(xué)習(xí)，這使得他無法成為團(tuán)隊(duì)中的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.填空題

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改為bywhich

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結(jié)尾是修飾means的定語從句，means為事物，引導(dǎo)詞用which，結(jié)合短語bymeans，確定bywhich正確。

【句意】由于競爭被大多數(shù)美國人視為進(jìn)步和繁榮的主要來源，具有競爭力的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)受到尊重。競爭不僅本身有好處，它還是一種維護(hù)其他美國價(jià)值觀的方式，如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)均等、勤奮工作等。

7.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案為A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案為B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而這里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句話說的睡覺模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合這一睡覺模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案為D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此題可以用排除法，文章中提出五個(gè)常見的對(duì)睡眠的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)。B、C和D正是其中的三個(gè)，因而A為答案。

8.單選題

noticedthatmostofrocksamplesshowedsignsofdamagefromthepoortreatmenttheyhadreceivedinthelaboratory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticed

B.mostofrocksamples

C.signsofdamagefrom

D.hadreceivedinthe

【答案】B

【解析】冠詞誤用。rock前加the。由mostof后面跟名詞短語時(shí)一般需在名詞短語前添加定冠詞“the”。

9.單選題

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda_______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustainable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的”；B選項(xiàng)permanent“永恒的，持續(xù)的，長久的”；C選項(xiàng)chronic“(尤指疾病)長期的，慢性的，難以治愈的”；D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。根據(jù)cannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime可知這位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此選C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短時(shí)間內(nèi)不能完全治愈。

10.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于美元紙幣，說話人說了什么？說話人說到，很少人能準(zhǔn)確地描述（美元紙幣）這一世界上最有影響力、最重要的貨幣。B選項(xiàng)中的describeitprecisely是錄音原文中accuratelydescribe的同義替換，因此B選項(xiàng)“很少有人能準(zhǔn)確地描述它”正確。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人能辨別它的質(zhì)地”表述錯(cuò)誤，錄音中提及很多人能通過美元紙幣的聲音或質(zhì)感（texture）辨別美元；C選項(xiàng)“美元的實(shí)際價(jià)值有待商榷”和D選項(xiàng)“它的重要性經(jīng)常被高估”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于美元紙幣具體的物質(zhì)成分，說話人說了什么？說話人指出，美元紙幣紙和墨的成分，是美國政府嚴(yán)格保守的秘密，C選項(xiàng)“這是政府嚴(yán)格保守的秘密”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它從來都沒改變過”，錄音中并沒有討論美元紙幣物質(zhì)成分的變化，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“它和顏色的關(guān)聯(lián)很大”，錄音中沒有表明美元紙幣的物質(zhì)成分與顏色有關(guān)，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“它是許多偽造者研究的課題”錄音中沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么新美國政府只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣？錄音提到，美國憲法簽署生效的當(dāng)時(shí)，人們并不尊重紙幣，由于民眾不信任紙幣，新政府就只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣，A選項(xiàng)“人們不太相信紙幣”符合錄音原文，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“硬幣在流通中可以使用得更久”；C選項(xiàng)“新美國政府預(yù)測硬幣的價(jià)值會(huì)上漲”和D選項(xiàng)“硬幣更難偽造”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問幾代美國政客一直以來都在爭論什么？錄音提到，美國政客幾代人以來都在討論贊不贊成為美國貨幣設(shè)立金本位制。因此C選項(xiàng)“美國貨幣的金本位制”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美元價(jià)值的穩(wěn)定”和B選項(xiàng)“政府證券的發(fā)行”在錄音中雖有信息提及，但它們均不是美國政客幾代人一直在討論的問題；D選項(xiàng)“美元的穩(wěn)定升值”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

11.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對(duì)象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對(duì)象。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有時(shí)讓別人成為笑話的對(duì)象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認(rèn)識(shí)它，承認(rèn)我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們和他們的父母一樣，也受到時(shí)間短缺的影響）。C選項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都因缺乏閑暇時(shí)間而受苦”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“孩子們幾乎沒有時(shí)間和父母一起玩”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“孩子們沒有得到工作的父母很好的照顧”，文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn)，因此可排除。D選項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都在管理他們的時(shí)間上有困難”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們的影響同時(shí)緊縮（危機(jī)），影響他們的父母）。B選項(xiàng)“部分正確”，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“十分信服”，作者并沒有認(rèn)為她給出的理由是十分信服的。C選項(xiàng)“完全沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“令人困惑的”，不符合題意，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“他有大量的時(shí)間閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)”，文中最后一段所說孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時(shí)間只有一個(gè)多小時(shí)，因此A可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他只能以自己的方式和同齡人玩游戲”，這里符合文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“自由玩耍鼓勵(lì)孩子們獨(dú)立思考，并允許他們與同齡人協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系”，因此可推測和同齡人玩耍會(huì)使孩子發(fā)展得更好，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“他有更多的時(shí)間參加學(xué)校活動(dòng)”，參加學(xué)校活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致兒童的閑暇時(shí)間減少，因此不利于兒童發(fā)展，C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所說由于父母上班，導(dǎo)致兒童與父母之間的交流減少，因此D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第二句Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.（她們也做更多的家務(wù)，參加更多的有組織的活動(dòng)，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A選項(xiàng)“areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities”（正在參與越來越多的有組織的活動(dòng)），符合文章所說的內(nèi)容，兒童參加越來越多有組織的活動(dòng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“越來越多的小孩被工作的母親所忽視”，文章所說，只是兩者之間交流時(shí)間減少，因此不符合題意，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“花越來越多的時(shí)間看電視”，文章最后一段所說“孩子們把他們迅速減少的四分之一的空閑時(shí)間花在看電視上”，因此C不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“家務(wù)活越來越少了”，文章第一段所說“她們也做更多的家務(wù)”，因此可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。A選項(xiàng)“課外活動(dòng)能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒數(shù)第二段，課外活動(dòng)可以提高孩子的智力，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)孩子會(huì)在關(guān)掉電視的情況下看書”，文章最后一段所說“如果他們在電視機(jī)前花的時(shí)間減少了，孩子們也不會(huì)用閱讀來代替”，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“讓孩子們對(duì)閱讀感興趣的努力取得了豐碩的成果”，文章最后一段所說“盡管努力讓孩子們對(duì)書籍更感興趣，孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時(shí)間只有一個(gè)多小時(shí)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)家長認(rèn)為讀書對(duì)孩子有益”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，因此可排除D。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

13.單選題

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講學(xué)者們在美國社會(huì)中不同種族和民族的融合問題上存在分歧。所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，美國猶太人不愿意融入美國社會(huì)，主要