考研考博-英語-四川護理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川護理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisno（

）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。access通道；avenue林蔭大道；exposure暴露；edge邊緣。

句意：從大路沒有通道通往這個房子。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

問題1選項

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

問題2選項

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

問題3選項

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

問題4選項

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

問題5選項

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的顏色適應(yīng)機制)，后面接著論述了眼睛對顏色的適應(yīng)。由此可知A項“眼睛對顏色的適應(yīng)”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(觀看時間越長，強度越高，面積越大，在接下來的觀察中存留的影響就越大)。由此可知答案為C項“快速轉(zhuǎn)移視線前所見景物”.

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會作為后像出現(xiàn)而疊加到第二個區(qū)域中)。由此可知C選項“直到失去的敏感度恢復(fù)了，才能看到后一個物體一些原本看不到的顏色”正確。

第4題:詞義題?？蓞⒖嫉诙蔚诹?Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會作為后像出現(xiàn)而…到第二個區(qū)域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“疊加的”。因此A項“把某物放在上面”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效應(yīng)似乎和之前提到的顏色適應(yīng)機制有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項“眼睛適應(yīng)顏色的機制”正確。

3.單選題

Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost（）one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.

問題1選項

A.universal

B.abstract

C.arbitrary

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中，數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門，因為它絲毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。

考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract抽象的，純理論的;arbitrary任意的，武斷的，專制的;concrete實在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因為它絲毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門學(xué)科。

4.單選題

Thepolicearrestedthewrongmanmainlybecausethey（）thenamestheyhadbeengivenbythewitness.

問題1選項

A.perplexed

B.bewildered

C.confused

D.puzzled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項A、B、D的賓語都是人，所以均不符合題意。confusethenames“把名字弄混”。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.

問題1選項

A.including

B.engaging

C.approximating

D.accounting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辦析。四個選項的意思分別是:including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近；accounting記述，報告。句意:制造業(yè)是中國最重要的經(jīng)濟活動，雇傭了超過30%的勞動力。本題考查的是分詞短語作狀語，根據(jù)句意可推出正確答案是B。

6.翻譯題

眾所周知，技術(shù)革新的速度越來越快。未來社會的變革將超過以往任何時候。作為一個物種，我們?nèi)祟惸芊裨谖覀冏约喊l(fā)動的這種變革中幸存下來呢？有大量的證據(jù)表明我們能。我們?nèi)祟愑芯薮蟮臐撃?，我們才剛剛開始開發(fā)利用。例如，我們才剛剛開始控制環(huán)境。將來有一天，技術(shù)將使所有的沙漠鮮花盛開。這的確不難。要做到這一點，我們只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下來的問題是，沙漠變成綠洲后，它們能為我們不斷增加的人口提供充足的糧食嗎？很可能。最近，我們已經(jīng)開始發(fā)現(xiàn)集約式沙漠農(nóng)業(yè)是可能的。我們已經(jīng)擁有的技術(shù)能將產(chǎn)量提高10倍，用水量減少到從前的1/20。我們知道如何創(chuàng)造農(nóng)業(yè)奇跡。我們需要時間和金錢以便使這項技術(shù)為人人所用。

在19世紀,人們信仰進步。他們相信科學(xué)將帶領(lǐng)他們進入一個無限繁榮無限幸福的新時代。然而，事情并沒有如他們所想象的那樣發(fā)展。兩次災(zāi)難性的世界大戰(zhàn)使人們確信了這一點。但是，我們在失望時，在擔(dān)心科學(xué)是一頭將來某一天會毀滅我們的巨獸時，卻忘記了科學(xué)并不是巨獸,我們自己才是巨獸。科學(xué)只是一個仆人，像火一樣，如果使用得當(dāng)，它將是個好仆人。

盡管現(xiàn)代世界存在著種種問題,大多數(shù)人都不會愿意生活在我們之前的任何一個科學(xué)欠發(fā)達的時代。如果我們不在戰(zhàn)爭中毀滅白己，未來只會更好。我們每年都將取得令人目不暇接的科學(xué)進步：疾病得到根治，太空被征服，運輸和通訊取得根本性的變革，農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)得到徹底改造等等。對一些人來說，未來聽起來令人興奮；而對另一些人來說,則令人恐怖。但有一點是肯定的：未來不會讓人感到乏味。

【答案】Asweallknow,technologicalinnovationisgettingfasterandfaster.Therewillbemoresocialchangesinthefuturethaneverbefore.Asaspecies,canhumanssurviveinthetransformationwehavemade?Alotofevidenceshowthatwecando.Humanshavegreatpotential,butwearejustbeginningtoexploitthem.Forexample,wearejustbeginningtocontroltheenvironment.Someday,technologywillmakeallthedesertflowersbloom.It’snothard.Toachievethis,weonlyneedtoreducethecostofdesalination.Thenextquestioniswhethertheycanprovideenoughfoodforourgrowingpopulationwhendesertsbecomeoases.Probablyrecently,wehavebeguntodiscoverthatintensivedesertwherefarmingisfeasible.Wealreadyhavetechnologythatcanincreaseyieldstenfoldandreducewaterusebyone-twentiethofwhatitwasbefore.Weknowhowtocreateanagriculturalmiracle.Weneedtimeandmoneytomakethistechnologyavailabletoeveryone.

Inthe19thcentury,peoplebelievedinprogress.Theybelievedthatsciencewouldleadthemintoaneweraofinfinitehappiness.However,thingsdidn’tgoasfarastheythought.Twodisastrousworldwarsconvincedpeopleofthis.Butwhenwearedisappointed,andwhenweworrythatscienceisamonsterthatwilldestroyusoneday,weforgetthatscienceisnotamonsterbutweare.Scienceisonlyaservant,likefire,andifusedproperly,itwillbeagoodservant.

Despitetheproblemsofthemodernworld,mostpeopledonotwanttoliveinanyoftheunderdevelopedtimesbeforeus.Ifwedonotdestroyourselvesinthewar,thefuturewillbebetter.Everyyearwewillmakegreaterprogress,likecontinualscientificadvance,cureddiseases,andconqueredspace,naturalchangesintransportandcommunicationsandradicalchangesinagricultureandindustryandsoon.Forsome,thefuturesoundsexciting,whileforothersit’sscary.Butonethingcanbesure:thefuturewillnotbeboring.

7.單選題

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

問題1選項

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項fascinated“著迷的；被深深吸引的”；B選項confused“困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的”；C選項enlightened“開明的；文明的；有知識的；覺悟的”；D選項saddened“難過的；悲傷的”。句意：考題把她完全難住了。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞question（問題），得知B選項正確。

8.單選題

Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.

問題1選項

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.setoff

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和煙，你會更健康。takeoff脫掉，起飛；keepoff擋住，禁食，不接近；getoff下車；setoff出發(fā)，（使）開始。因此，B項keepoff符合句意，在此表示“遠離，戒掉，不接近”。

9.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline(腎上激素)arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,“ourparticularcreature”refersto（

）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan

（

）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen

（

）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat

（

）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（

）.

問題1選項

A.fearofsomething

B.publicridicule

C.physicalpain

D.afiercebeast

問題2選項

A.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

B.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

C.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

D.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream.

問題3選項

A.onecannotstandthedanger

B.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

C.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

D.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

問題4選項

A.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

B.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

C.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

D.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

問題5選項

A.parents’lifestyle

B.earlyexperiences

C.schooleducation

D.homeeducation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一段的首句Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.（在生命的各個階段，恐懼對每個人來說都幾乎是一個問題）是本段的主題句，緊接著HoraceWalpole對所恐懼的東西進行具體的舉例，如黑暗、身體疼痛、公開嘲笑、貧困、孤獨，破折號后是對恐懼的這些東西的一個總的概括，由本段的主題fear及“forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace（對我們所有人來說，這些特殊的東西藏在一個隱蔽的地方）”可知A選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞usefulemotion定位到文章第二段，由Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.（同樣，當(dāng)危險是心理而不是身體時，恐懼會迫使你采取自我保護措施）可知B選項“幫助我們快速應(yīng)對危險，保護自己”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aproblem定位到文章第二段Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.（只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險不成比例時，它才會成為一個問題）可知D選項“危險比實際情況更大”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newborn定位到文章第三段，本段的主題句為Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.（有些人比其他人更容易受到恐懼的傷害）。由Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.（從出生起，他或她更容易學(xué)會恐懼的反應(yīng)，因為他或她遺傳了一種更敏感的傾向）可知有些人生下來就更容易受到恐懼的影響，舉例是為了表明本段的主題句，因此C選項“有些人天生就更容易受到危險的影響”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologists定位到文章第四段，由psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears（心理學(xué)家確信我們早期的經(jīng)歷和關(guān)系很大程度地塑造和決定了我們?nèi)蘸蟮目謶郑┛芍狟選項“早期的經(jīng)歷”符合題意。

10.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說Icertainlyfeltundertheweather，即她覺得身體不適。

11.不定項選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問題2選項

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問題3選項

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問題4選項

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問題5選項

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫克的立場時，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項“因為他們根本不關(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個極為精確的個體形象，由此可以推測出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進一步被泄露了，因此B選項“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項，因此A選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會回避他們認為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說著很注重隱私，但是他們的實際行動卻不是這樣的，因此C選項“大多數(shù)人說他們關(guān)心隱私，但實際上他們并沒有足夠重視這一點”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個人對數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項“提高隱私保護意識”符合題意。B、C選項過于片面，D選項不符合文意，均可排除。

12.單選題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

問題1選項

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformen