考研考博-英語-蘭州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyou

thinkyoucandomyjobbetterthanican,youarewelcometo（）.

問題1選項

A.takeitdown

B.takeitup

C.takeitover

D.takeitin

【答案】C

【解析】takedown指記錄；takeup指從事；takeover指接管；takein指理解。句意：如果你覺得能比我做得好,歡迎替我來做。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時，意為“產(chǎn)生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進(jìn)行大量的研究，這一點是千真萬確的。

3.翻譯題

中國發(fā)展離不開世界，世界的發(fā)展需要中國。這里我重申，中國的對外開放是長期的、全面的、互利的，中國堅持對外開放的基本國策決不會改變。我們將繼續(xù)積極參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)程，推動建設(shè)公正合理的國際貿(mào)易體系和金融體制。我們將繼續(xù)完善涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)法律法規(guī)和政策，使中國的投資環(huán)境變得更加規(guī)范、更加透明、更加有利于各類企業(yè)投資興業(yè)。

【答案】答：

ChinacannotdevelopitselfinisolationfromtheworldandtheworldalsoneedsChinaforitsdevelopment.Here,IwishtoreiteratethatChina’sopening-uptotheoutsideworldisalong-termcommitmentwhichcoversallfieldsandismutuallybeneficial.China’sbasicstatepolicyofopening-upwillneverchange.Wewillcontinuetogetactivelyinvolvedineconomicglobalizationandworktobuildafairandequitableinternationaltradingregimeandfinancialsystem.Wewillcontinuetoimproveforeign-relatedeconomiclaws,regulationsandpoliciessoastomakeChina’sinvestmentenvironmentinkeepingwithinternationalstandard,transparentandmorebusinessfriendly.

4.單選題

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦朧地；indefinitely無限地,不明確地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently獨立地。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入與inseparable相反的詞,選項D符合語境。

5.單選題

Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshould（

）newoperatingprocedures.

問題1選項

A.resultin

B.matchwith

C.subjectto

D.proceedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。resultin意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”；matchwith意為“與……相配，與……一致”；

subjectto意為“使服從，使遭受”；proceedwith意為“繼續(xù)做……”。

句意：對事故原因進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查會導(dǎo)致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改善和操作新程序的產(chǎn)生。

6.單選題

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

問題1選項

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項incapable“無能力的，不能的”；C選項incompatible“不相容的”；D選項invalid“無效的”。根據(jù)四個選項及題干的意思可知A選項符合語義。句意：一天五美元的預(yù)算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。

7.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問題2選項

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問題3選項

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問這三項有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音開頭提到“在今天的講座中，我們將看到三個非常有趣的研究，它們暗示了人類嬰兒驚人的能力（abilitiesofhumanbabies）”，因此A選項“人類嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項“成年人對兒童的影響”，三個研究雖有成年人參與，但這些研究并不是研究成年人對兒童的影響，因此B選項不正確；C選項“不同新生哺乳動物在認(rèn)知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容，而不是本周；D選項“人類嬰兒和動物嬰兒之間的相似之處”，錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于9個月大的嬰兒，第二項研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？在第二項研究中，提到音樂氛圍的變化對3個月大的嬰兒沒有影響，但對于9個月大的嬰兒來說，這足以重新引起他們的興趣，這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項“他們能分辨出快樂的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項“他們喜歡快樂的旋律勝過悲傷的旋律”和B選項“他們聽音樂時很容易睡著”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“他們對節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn)，因此C選項可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問1980年那項研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音中提到，該項研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒（infantemotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A選項“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項“嬰兒的行為”并沒有提及；C選項“嬰兒和成人的互動”，利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾，但錄音是說嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時臉部的表情，不是嬰兒自己的interactions，因此C選項不正確；D選項“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項。事實上，facialexpressions在這項研究中很重要，但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的，因此D選項不選。

8.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe（）oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項observation“觀察，監(jiān)視”；B選項investigation“調(diào)查；研究”；C選項inspection“檢查；視察”；D選項examination“檢查；考試”。句意：在他們教師培訓(xùn)的第一年，學(xué)生們會經(jīng)常去當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)?！n程。根據(jù)句中teachingtraining教師培訓(xùn)，學(xué)生身份會與認(rèn)真觀察這一名詞更加相配，examination主要是為減少錯誤而進(jìn)行檢查。故選A。

9.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問題1選項

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問題2選項

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問題3選項

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問題4選項

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問題5選項

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個問題一直以來都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見放在一邊，采取一些措施來解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長唐福斯特暗示，財政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會對地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務(wù)上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務(wù)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長們還應(yīng)著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對已注冊供應(yīng)商從收入中為新開發(fā)項目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個事實：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應(yīng)這個正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項正確。

10.單選題

Itwasshamefulthattheargument（

）ahandfight..

問題1選項

A.endedin

B.cameto

C.endedup

D.culminatedin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:爭論以大打出手而告終真是可恥。

短語辨析。endin以…告終;cometo蘇醒，發(fā)生;endup最后成了……;culminatein以……告終,但強(qiáng)調(diào)以高潮結(jié)朿.由題干關(guān)鍵信息大打出手判斷D最符合。

11.單選題

Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyou（）.

問題1選項

A.inreturn

B.inthelongrun

C.inturn

D.inplace

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:inreturn“反過來”；B:inthelongrun“從長遠(yuǎn)來看”;C:inturn“依次；輪流”；D:inplace“在對的位置；適當(dāng)?shù)摹?。句意：如果你在這個世界上努力的話，世界會對你施加壓力；如果你對世界溫柔，那么世界也會同樣待你。句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致，可知A符合語境，為正確答案。

12.單選題

Therewasa（）dropinsupportfortheUnioninthe1974election.

問題1選項

A.delicate

B.distinct

C.distant

D.downward

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項delicate“微妙的”；B選項distinct“明顯的”；C選項distant“冷漠的”；D選項downward“向下的”。句意：在1974年的選舉中，支持聯(lián)邦的人數(shù)明顯下降。本句表示支持率明顯下降，因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcomersunless（）todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

問題1選項

A.made

B.beingmade

C.havingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主語為abeamoflight和make之間存在被動關(guān)系，選項C可排除。又因為題目中描述的情況為客觀事實，所以選用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，選項B和D可排除。選用非謂語動詞made表被動即可。句意：一束光只有在反射儀器的幫助下才能彎成圓角。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Aftertherecentscandalthepriestisexpectedtodothe（）thingandresignfromhisposition.

問題1選項

A.reticent

B.decent

C.innocent

D.descent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。reticent“沉默的；有保留的”；decent“正派的，得體的”；innocent“無辜的，清白的”；descent“除去……的氣味”。句意：在最近的丑聞過后，這個神父希望能做一些正派的事情來挽回自己的位置。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問題1選項

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語從句。句意：“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去聽講座嗎？”她問我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，A選項that符合題意。B選項whether和C選項if“是否”詞義和前面疑問詞do重復(fù)；如果要用D選項when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項正確。

16.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從基督教和西方的野蠻王國中出現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)政治的形態(tài)，而從該形態(tài)中又依次演變出了我們現(xiàn)代世界的政治形態(tài)。

語法題?？疾閺木湟龑?dǎo)詞?？崭窈笫且粋€定語從句。前面的主句中，F(xiàn)romChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地點狀語，因此在定語從句中，fromwhich作狀語與前面的from形成對應(yīng)，evolved作謂語，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主語。

17.單選題

1.

問題1選項

A.Themanisbusy.

B.Themanhastroublebreathing.

C.Themanisoutoftownonbusiness.

D.Themanishidinghimselffromthewoman.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Idon’tseemuchofyouthesedays,wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Iamworkingonabigproject.Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【解析】推斷題。男士說：Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath(我甚至沒時間呼吸)，由此推測他很忙。

18.單選題

V.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

IwishtotakeasmysubjectJusticeScalia’s1988TaftLecture,Originalism:TheLesserEvil.Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.

Inthe1980svariousleadingfiguresinconstitutionallawtookaimatthecontentionthattheConstitutionshouldbeinterpretedaccordingtotheoriginalintentionsofitsframers.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.

InhisTaftLecture,JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.Indeed,theobjectivetheorybywhichprivatecontractsarenormallyinterpretedassumestheavailabilityofsuchmeaning.Andtheverysameevidencethatshowsthefoundinggenerationrejectingrelianceontheintentionsoftheframersalsoshowstheirrelianceontheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetext.

Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection,however.Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.

RANDYE.BARNETT:“Scalia’sInfidelity:ACritiqueofFaint-HeartedOriginalism”

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommentofJusticeScalia’s1988Lecturebytheauthor?

68.ThefollowingarecriticalcommentsofOriginalismexcept___.

69.ThecontributionofJusticeScaliatooriginalismisthathe___.

70.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___.

問題1選項

A.Itisoneofthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticles.

B.Itcontributedtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualreviewoflegalscholarship.

C.Ithelpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.

D.Ithadanenormousinfluence.

問題2選項

A.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbyunanswerableobjections

B.itisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatetheintentionsofsomanyframers

C.peopleinthe20thcenturyshouldnotbeboundbythedeadhandofthepast

D.thefoundersoftheUSthemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent

問題3選項

A.obviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism

B.foundthatlanguagehadanaccessiblepublicmeaningwaswhatenabledinterpersonalcommunication

C.foundthatifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother

D.shiftedthepreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment

問題4選項

A.originalpublicmeaningdidanswerthe“deadhand”objection

B.judgeshavethedutytofollowthewillofthepeople

C.anewtheoryofpopularsovereigntywasdevelopedtoanswerthe“deadhand”objection

D.oneshouldnotbeboundbythepast

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】67.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JusticeScalia”定位到原文第一段Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.（它是最常被引用的法律評論文章之一，與斯卡利亞大法官對《解釋問題》的介紹一起，幫助塑造了目前關(guān)于正確解釋憲法方法的辯論）可知C選項“它幫助形成了目前關(guān)于正確的憲法解釋方法的辯論”和原文有出入，是斯卡利亞法官1988年演講和斯卡利亞大法官對《解釋問題》的介紹一起塑造了目前關(guān)于正確解釋憲法方法的辯論，而不僅僅是斯卡利亞法官1988年演講；以及A選項“這是最常被引用的法律評論文章之一”符合原文；第一段Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.（的確，史格里亞大法官關(guān)于原意論的講座對法律學(xué)術(shù)的重新檢閱與完善做出了貢獻(xiàn)）可知B選項“它對法學(xué)界最引人注目的學(xué)術(shù)評論之一做出了貢獻(xiàn)”正確；第一段Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.（這次演講的出版版本產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響）可知D選項“它有巨大的影響”正確。因此C選項符合題意。

68.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Originalism”定位到第二段最后一句Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.（最后，原意論被抵制是因為當(dāng)代的人們不應(yīng)該被傳統(tǒng)守舊的教條所束縛?。┛芍狢選項“20世紀(jì)的人不應(yīng)該被過去的死亡之手束縛”錯誤，無法判斷原文中“當(dāng)代的人們”是C選項中“20世紀(jì)的人”；第二段Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.（人們普遍認(rèn)為，原創(chuàng)性被三個無可辯駁的反對意見徹底擊敗了）可知A選項“人們普遍認(rèn)為，原創(chuàng)性被無可辯駁的反對意見徹底打敗了”符合題意；第二段First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.（首先，原始論是不切實際的，因為它不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)和聚集眾多制憲者持有的各種意圖）可知B選項“這是不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)和聚集如此多的意圖的制憲者”正確；第二段Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.（第二，原始主義實際上與創(chuàng)始一代的原始意圖相悖，創(chuàng)始一代本身就拒絕了對原始意圖的依賴）可知D選項“美國的締造者自己拒絕了對最初意圖的依賴”正確。因此C選項符合題意。

69.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.（斯卡利亞法官可能是第一個支持原意論的人，他將原意論從最初強(qiáng)調(diào)制憲人的原意轉(zhuǎn)變到關(guān)注當(dāng)時客觀背景下公眾的最初意圖上來。這種從原始立憲者意圖到原始公共意義的轉(zhuǎn)變，消除了許多對原始主義的實際反對）可知斯卡利亞法官對原始主義的貢獻(xiàn)在于他對原始主義的支持，消除了許多對原始主義的實際反對，選A選項“排除了許多對原始主義的實際反對”，同時可知D選項“將先前對憲法制定者意圖的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)移到憲法制定時文本的原始公共意義上”并不是斯卡利亞法官的主要貢獻(xiàn)；第三段Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.（這種語言具有可接近的公共意義，這使人與人之間的溝通成為可能。如果語言沒有超出說話者和作家主觀意圖的客觀意義，我們就永遠(yuǎn)無法相互理解）可知B選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)語言具有可理解的公共意義是人際溝通的基礎(chǔ)”和C選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)如果詞語沒有超出說話者和作家的主觀意圖的客觀意義，我們將永遠(yuǎn)無法相互理解”并不是斯卡利亞法官對原始主義的貢獻(xiàn)。因此A選項正確。

70.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.（大多數(shù)愿意論者強(qiáng)調(diào)人民主權(quán)的理論。他們認(rèn)為，憲法是人民意愿的權(quán)威表達(dá)，法官有義務(wù)遵循）可知法律必須遵循人民的意志，選B選項“法官有義務(wù)遵循人民的意愿”；最后一段Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection（從最初的制憲者意圖到最初的公共意義的轉(zhuǎn)變對回答“死手”的反對作用不大）可知A選項“原來的公眾意圖回答了‘死手’的反對”錯誤；最后一段Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.（為什么要受過去的束縛？為此，斯卡利亞法官和其他原意論者不得不發(fā)展一種憲法合法性理論）可知C選項“一種新的人民主權(quán)理論被發(fā)展出來，以回答‘死手’的反對”錯誤，不是人民主權(quán)理論而是憲法合法性理論；結(jié)合上文提到的內(nèi)容以及最后一段大意可知D選項“一個人不應(yīng)該被過去所束縛”錯誤，斯卡利亞法官和其他原意論者認(rèn)為一個人應(yīng)該被過去所束縛。因此B選項正確。

19.單選題

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

問題1選項

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

問題2選項

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

問題3選項

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

問題