人教版九年級英語下冊《被動語態(tài)》教案3

15/16被動語態(tài)（一）語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài).，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.（主動）Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.（被動）漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。（二）被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+done一般過去時：was/were+done一般將來時：shall/will+bedone一般過去將來時：should/would+bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+done過去完成時：had+been+done將來完成時：shall/will+havebeen+done過去將來完成時：should/would+havebeen+done注］被動語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時和過去將來進(jìn)行時。常見的八種時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.一般過去時：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.一般將來時：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.過去將來時：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.過去進(jìn)行時：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.現(xiàn)在完成時：（1）Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.過去完成時：（1）WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.（四）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。（1）Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.（五）被動語態(tài)的使用當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by短語?！癕r.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2?突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.（六）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語->Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.-Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2?把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。（七）語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought」正確）Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.（錯誤）含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1?一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.2?—般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Anewskirtwasmadeforme.Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+介詞，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnoutHisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather帶復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.->Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.->Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to,這時不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.->Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5?當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6?當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7?以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8?有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：（1）Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。（2）Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對比：Thebookssellwell.（主動句）Thebooksweresoldout.（被動句）Themeatdidn'tcookwell.（主動句）Themeatwascookedforalongtime.（被動句）下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。第二，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說Itissaidthat...據(jù)扌報導(dǎo)Itisreportedthat...據(jù)推測..Itissupposedthat.希望..Itishopedthat.眾所周知..Itiswellknownthat.普遍認(rèn)為..Itisgenerallyconsideredthat.有人建議..Itissuggestedthat.1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題1.()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't4()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemend7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbr