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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題
Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”
【答案】答:
另一項(xiàng)科技創(chuàng)新將讓那些難記的密碼消失。不久,我們將能用一種被稱為生物辨識(shí)的科技進(jìn)入電郵信箱或銀行帳號(hào)。這種小型的傳感可以通過(guò)識(shí)別你獨(dú)有的視網(wǎng)膜來(lái)確認(rèn)你的身份。梅爾森說(shuō):“想象一下這個(gè)小東西記得你。你走到一個(gè)提款機(jī),傳感器看了你一眼說(shuō),‘嘿,我知道你是誰(shuí)?!痹?年內(nèi),我們將不會(huì)再被垃圾郵件淹沒(méi),因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)新的電子裝置將在我們看到垃圾郵件前就把它刪掉了。梅爾森說(shuō):“打開(kāi)此裝置,在你刪郵件的時(shí)候,你不用讀郵件,你只要看它一眼然后刪掉。如此過(guò)一陣子,這個(gè)裝置就把你的習(xí)慣學(xué)起來(lái),就像你的助理一樣幫你刪掉你不想看的郵件。我們預(yù)期5年內(nèi)世界超過(guò)80%人口將擁有移動(dòng)電話和智能手機(jī)。到時(shí),想象一下,比如,我們可以隨時(shí)隨地與說(shuō)任意一種語(yǔ)言的人講話,這種實(shí)時(shí)翻譯的能力不就是《星際迷航》的宇宙翻譯者的概念!”
2.單選題
Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe()witheveryonewhocomestothestore.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.accepted
B.admitted
C.admired
D.acquainted
【答案】D
【解析】acquaint使認(rèn)識(shí),
使了解;accept接受;admit招收,
承認(rèn);admire
欽佩,
贊美,
羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配,意為與...相識(shí)。句意:格林夫人在城里只住了一年,但她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)商店的每一個(gè)人。
3.單選題
Manyyoungpeopletake(
)radiostothebeachwiththem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.liable
B.portable
C.purchasable
D.cherishable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的,有義務(wù)的”;portable“手提的,便攜式的”;purchasable“可買(mǎi)的,可買(mǎi)到的”;cherishable“值得珍惜的”。句意:很多年輕人帶著便攜式收音機(jī)去沙灘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.單選題
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.
Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andtheartsbutalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.
Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.
2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
4.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood
B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach
C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools
D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.
B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.
C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.
D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge
B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge
C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices
D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.CurrentSysteminEducation
B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool
C.BalanceinEducation
D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.根據(jù)第一段,教育的任務(wù)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。
A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstoodA.目前的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜了,難以理解
B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteachB.公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)對(duì)于所教內(nèi)容沒(méi)有選擇的自由
C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschoolsC.很難決定是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)
D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudentsD.教育工作者必須既照顧普通學(xué)生也照顧有天賦的學(xué)生
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞taskofeducation定位到第一段第一、二句,該處講到“如果只需要決定是大規(guī)模地向每個(gè)人教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人,并讓他們走得盡可能遠(yuǎn),我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了(taskwouldbefairlysimple)。然而,公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有這樣的選擇,因?yàn)楣ぷ鞅仨毻瑫r(shí)進(jìn)行(jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime)?!保芍逃龔?fù)雜在同時(shí)教育在某方面普通的學(xué)生和有天賦的學(xué)生,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“目前的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜了,難以理解”:文中沒(méi)有提到公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)對(duì)于所教內(nèi)容沒(méi)有選擇的自由”:學(xué)校不能選擇教什么樣的學(xué)生,而不是不能選擇教什么知識(shí),屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“很難決定是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)”:已經(jīng)做出了決定,并且這個(gè)決定是必須的,那就是在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),屬于反向干擾。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?以下哪一點(diǎn)文中沒(méi)有包含在內(nèi)?
A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.A.教育的主要任務(wù)之一是發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生。
B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.B.為了有效地教學(xué),教育工作者被要求著重于一個(gè)特定的領(lǐng)域。
C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.C.公立學(xué)校過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)某些科目。
D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.D.社會(huì)的進(jìn)步不能僅僅依靠發(fā)明家。
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】此題定位到第一段第三句“由于我們的進(jìn)步如此依賴科學(xué)技術(shù),我們必須培養(yǎng)許多領(lǐng)域的專家(mustproducespecialistsinmanyfields)?!?,可知教育工作者不只教授一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)容,和文章內(nèi)容不符,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“教育的主要任務(wù)之一是發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第一、二句“如果只需要決定是大規(guī)模地向每個(gè)人教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人(findthegiftedfew)……工作必須同時(shí)進(jìn)行(jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime)?!?,可知發(fā)現(xiàn)有天賦的學(xué)生是教育的主要任務(wù)之一,和文章內(nèi)容相符,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)某些科目”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二句第一、二句“知識(shí)的各個(gè)分支之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)良好的平衡(goodbalance)……過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)任何一個(gè)領(lǐng)域都會(huì)打破這種平衡(balanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield)?!?,以及第三段第二句“公眾的注意力不斷被吸引到科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)(drawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge)。”,可知過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域讓知識(shí)的各個(gè)分支之間打破了平衡,符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)的進(jìn)步不能僅僅依靠發(fā)明家”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句“公立學(xué)校必須教育科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者(bothproducersandusersofscientificservices)?!?,可知社會(huì)的進(jìn)步不僅僅依靠發(fā)明家,符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.從文章中可以推斷出________。
A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledgeA.應(yīng)該對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)給予足夠的重視
B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledgeB.學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多的最新知識(shí)
C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservicesC.科學(xué)知識(shí)的缺乏將導(dǎo)致科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系
D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgeD.學(xué)生們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到各個(gè)知識(shí)分支之間保持良好平衡的重要性
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句,該處講到“這些不應(yīng)該讓我們的注意力從為初學(xué)者建立課程基礎(chǔ)這一事情(establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners)轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)?!?,可知應(yīng)該重視基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多的最新知識(shí)”:對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一、二句“我們必須在現(xiàn)有知識(shí)和經(jīng)典知識(shí)之間取得平衡(balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge)。公眾的注意力不斷被吸引到科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)(thediscoveryofnewknowledge)。”,需要平衡經(jīng)典知識(shí)和新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),然而現(xiàn)在更多注意力放在了新知識(shí),可知學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多經(jīng)典知識(shí),屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)知識(shí)的缺乏將導(dǎo)致科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系”:第一段第三句提出科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用,也就是“由于我們的進(jìn)步如此依賴科學(xué)技術(shù)(dependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnology),我們必須培養(yǎng)許多領(lǐng)域的專家?!?;第四句提出廣泛教育的作用,也就是“我們中的許多人必須接受教育,以便于理解、支持并在必要時(shí)評(píng)判專家的工作(understand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts)”;第五句點(diǎn)出科學(xué)知識(shí)教育和廣泛教育結(jié)合的重要性,也就是這兩種知識(shí)服務(wù)于“教育科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者”。綜上所述,科學(xué)知識(shí)和廣泛教育的缺乏都會(huì)導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系,屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到各個(gè)知識(shí)分支之間保持良好平衡的重要性”:文章沒(méi)有提到學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn),屬于無(wú)中生有。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是________。
A.CurrentSysteminEducationA.現(xiàn)行教育制度
B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchoolB.公立學(xué)校的教育情況
C.BalanceinEducationC.教育的平衡
D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnologyD.科學(xué)技術(shù)教學(xué)的重要性
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】第一段通過(guò)點(diǎn)出教育的現(xiàn)狀引出第二段的觀點(diǎn),也就是一邊教育科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的專家(specialistsinmanyfields),一邊讓許多人接受教育(largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand)以維持社會(huì)制度的運(yùn)行;第二段進(jìn)一步提出需要在知識(shí)的各個(gè)分支之間保持平衡(agoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge);第三段講需要在新知識(shí)和經(jīng)典知識(shí)之間保持平衡(balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge),并且提出現(xiàn)在的教育已經(jīng)失衡。綜上所述,本文講述了教育失衡的具體表現(xiàn),并且呼吁重視教育平衡,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行教育制度”,B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”和D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)技術(shù)教學(xué)的重要性”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不能概括全文,屬于偷換概念。
5.單選題
Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.
Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.
“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.
Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute(
).
2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree
(
).
3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows
(
).
4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat
(
).
5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept
B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice
C.istherootofallmentaldistress
D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems
B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments
C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak
D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths
B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife
C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile
D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife
B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife
C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances
D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.
B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.
C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.
D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中,智力是根據(jù)人的讀、寫(xiě)和計(jì)算能力來(lái)衡量的,作者對(duì)此的看法是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯(cuò)誤觀念結(jié)束”(Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth),接著作者又提到位于這些錯(cuò)誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此,在作者看來(lái),認(rèn)為“智力是根據(jù)人的讀寫(xiě)和計(jì)算能力來(lái)衡量”是錯(cuò)誤的,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
第2題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章中暗示擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位意味著什么?”文章第一段提到“我們開(kāi)始相信一個(gè)擁有教育榮譽(yù)徽章并且擅長(zhǎng)某一學(xué)科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書(shū)”(Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates),由此可知,學(xué)歷并不代表智力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為擁有智力的人知道什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂(lè),如果你每時(shí)每刻都為值得的一切生活,那么你就是一個(gè)有智力的人”(Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson),所以在作者看來(lái),有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價(jià)值,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么?”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個(gè)人都要為生存而斗爭(zhēng),這都是一樣的。每個(gè)人都與他相關(guān)聯(lián)的人有著相似的困難”(Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties),說(shuō)明每個(gè)人在生活中都會(huì)遇上困難,但這只是生活的一部分,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見(jiàn)?”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠(chéng)問(wèn)題是生活狀況的一部分,并且不以‘沒(méi)有問(wèn)題’作為衡量快樂(lè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人是有智力的人,但是這種人很稀少”(Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare),因此選項(xiàng)B“意識(shí)到生活中的困難,但是知道如何避免不快樂(lè)的人”符合題意。
6.單選題
Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.
Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.
Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.
Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.
1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto(
).
2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause
(
).
3.Paragraphs2and3explain
(
).
4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates
(
).
5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory
B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication
C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise
D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV
B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised
C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife
D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects
B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful
C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed
D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome
B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs
C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself
D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.MedicalPractice
B.CleverAdvertising
C.Self-medication
D.Self-treatment
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分,接下來(lái)又提到了由于近百年來(lái)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得制藥跟買(mǎi)藥的現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越普遍,這些都是說(shuō)明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長(zhǎng)的歷史了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上,因?yàn)榈眠@些小毛病的人都愿意在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自行買(mǎi)藥治療,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到科技進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步,但是醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步又產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)不利的影響,一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過(guò)度服用藥物,二是久坐不動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重,人們不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)、過(guò)度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對(duì)有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣,由于廣告的影響,人們?cè)敢馊ベI(mǎi)藥物自行治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況更遭:Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought,列舉出了很多情況,比如購(gòu)買(mǎi)的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧⑹褂谜邥?huì)依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過(guò)去食用等等。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史;第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因;第三段講述了廣告商對(duì)自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響;第四段講述了自我治療有可能會(huì)引發(fā)的問(wèn)題。由此可知,全文都是在講述自我治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
7.單選題
Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.
Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.
Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush'sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions.”EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforsessionsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,’’saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.
Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.
Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,maysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.
1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat(
)
2.ConnerlyinsiststhattheCourt'srulingshould(
).
3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatoneofthemajorobjectivesofaffirmativeactionisto(
)
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.
B.minorityapplicantsbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.
C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup.
D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.winapprovalfromCalifornianvotersbeforeitisputineffect.
B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll.
C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates.
D.producetheintendedpracticaleffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Neutrality
B.Objection
C.Approval
D.Indifference
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.
B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.
C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.
D.TheCourt’sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople’sattitudetoit.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.ensurerace-neutralprogramsaresetupincollegesanduniversities.
B.adapttheSupremeCourt’srulingtocollegesituations.
C.formulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.
D.discouragethepracticeofracialdiscriminationincollegeadmissions.
【答案】
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