考研考博-英語-中國美術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國美術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

It’ssaidthat（）isgoingtogiveusalecture.

問題1選項

A.anAmericanfamousyoung

B.afamousAmericanyoung

C.afamousyoungAmerican

D.ayoungfamousAmerican

【答案】C

【解析】句意:據(jù)說，一個著名的美國年輕人會給我們演講。

語法題?？疾樾稳菰~的順序位置。famous是描繪性形容詞，應(yīng)放在前面；American指的是國籍，表示“美國人”，應(yīng)該放在young之后。因此選C項。

2.單選題

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

問題1選項

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

問題2選項

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

問題3選項

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

問題4選項

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。這是一篇科技性的文章，從文中內(nèi)容可知，作者是在講外部環(huán)境和遺傳是互補的因素，主要是為了說明兩個生物和遺傳學(xué)中重要的概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“習(xí)慣”(habit)，以及它們之間相互的關(guān)系。選項A“昆蟲的進化”可以排除掉，文章的主題顯然不是討論昆蟲的進化。選項C“教育：環(huán)境的影響”，D“動物的本能”都分別是文章討論的一個側(cè)面，也可以排除。所以應(yīng)該選B“環(huán)境和遺傳”，從全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明確表現(xiàn)出文章“環(huán)境和遺傳”這一主題。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。本題可參照第一段中間一句話ifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions…ordiesinhelplessinactivity（如果這樣一個孤獨的動物在一連串的行動中被打斷，它要么徒勞地繼續(xù)剩下的行動……要么在無助的無為中死去），從中可知，蟻獅會執(zhí)著地做出本能的反應(yīng)。因此A項“當(dāng)它參與連鎖行動時它不能受到干擾”為正確答案。B項“動物的本能會導(dǎo)致動物在陌生的情況下做出不合理的反應(yīng)”，C項“環(huán)境和遺傳在昆蟲進化中是兩個補充因素”，D項“沿著進化方向遺傳作用變小環(huán)境變得更為重要”，皆與文章不符。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。文章第一段最后一句Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,…（一只織網(wǎng)的蜘蛛在挖洞的時候，用沙礫和木屑筑起一個堡壘，當(dāng)它從一個半成品的家里搬走時，它不會再開始……），可知當(dāng)一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作進行到一半的時候，到了一個新的環(huán)境，它不會重新開始修建另一個巢穴，而是會繼續(xù)完成一個半成品的巢穴，這是動物的本能的反映。依此類推，當(dāng)人們把一只蜘蛛從一個織了一半的網(wǎng)上拿到另外一個織了一半的網(wǎng)上的時候，它顯然會在本能的驅(qū)使下把那個織了一半的網(wǎng)完成。因此C項“繼續(xù)織剩下的網(wǎng)”，為正確答案。A項“開始織一個完整的網(wǎng)”，B項“摧毀織了一半的網(wǎng)”，D項“遠離網(wǎng)”，均不符合文意。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題?？蓮牡诙巫詈笠痪銱abits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm（習(xí)慣，而不是天生的現(xiàn)成的（當(dāng)它們被稱為本能而不是習(xí)慣的時候），越來越多地被環(huán)境的影響所左右，其中最重要的因素是父母在幼年時期照顧小動物，在幼年時期，比昆蟲更模糊的本能被模仿來適應(yīng)環(huán)境，環(huán)境可能會發(fā)生很大的變化而不會造成傷害），對習(xí)慣的描述推出C“他們受到環(huán)境的影響”。A項“他們是生物的自然天賦”，B“對所有動物來說，它們比本能更重要”，D“他們注定會在人類的進化中開闊有極其遠大前景的可能性”，均錯誤。

3.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,ismusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph(留聲機)wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsong.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(樂譜)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureaswhole.

Onemoreimportantpartformusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations,theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyt

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationt

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresentt

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilizationt

問題2選項

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic.t

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestrat

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusict

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusict

問題3選項

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditt

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicianst

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusict

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongst

問題4選項

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutiont

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputest

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculturet

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstrumentst

問題5選項

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.t

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.t

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.t

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“研究一個國家的物質(zhì)文化是非常重要的，因為……”。本文主要講述的是通過音樂物質(zhì)文化來探究音樂文化的發(fā)展；結(jié)合第一段第五句提到werelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.（我們依靠樂器來獲取有關(guān)遠古音樂文化及其發(fā)展的重要信息），可推斷，通過研究一個國家物質(zhì)文化可以探究這個國家的發(fā)展，即它的過去和現(xiàn)在，故C項“它有助于了解這個國家的過去和現(xiàn)在”正確。A項“它有助于產(chǎn)生新的文化工具和技術(shù)”和D項“它可以展示這個民族的文明”與文章無關(guān)；B項“它能反映國家的發(fā)展”太過于籠統(tǒng)。故該題選擇C項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中可以了解到……”。第一段最后一句話提到wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.（我們可以追溯一千多年前近東音樂傳入中國的歷史，也可以勾勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂的大部分樂器發(fā)展的大致輪廓），由此可知近東音樂對交響樂團樂器的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響，故B項“近東音樂對交響樂團樂器的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響”正確。A項“交響樂的存在是由于近東和中國音樂的傳播”和C項“交響樂的發(fā)展是東西方音樂相互影響的結(jié)果”表述與原文不符；D項“交響樂團的樂器是在近東音樂的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的”，文章講述的是交響樂團的樂器是在近東音樂的影響波及歐洲之后發(fā)展的，并不代表就是在近東音樂的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來，也有可能有歐洲的影響。D項不正確。故該題選擇B項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，音樂記譜法之所以重要是因為……”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(樂譜)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureaswhole.（此外，閱讀樂譜的能力對音樂家有著深遠的影響，當(dāng)它變得普遍時，也會對整個音樂文化產(chǎn)生深遠的影響）可知，音樂記譜法之所以重要是因為當(dāng)人們能夠讀懂它的時候，它會對整個音樂文化產(chǎn)生深遠的影響，故A項“當(dāng)越來越多的人能夠讀懂它，它對音樂文化有很大的影響”正確。B項“當(dāng)它被民間音樂家使用時，它傾向于使民歌標準化”，第二段第二句提到butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong（但研究表明，在過去的幾個世紀里，在歐洲、英國和美國，口述和書面來源相互影響，印刷版本限制了多樣性，因為它們傾向于將任何歌曲標準化）可知，是印刷版傾向于將任何歌曲標準化，B項錯誤；C項“它是標準化的民間音樂的印刷版本”和D項“它鼓勵人們普及歌曲的印刷版本”沒有提到。故該題選擇A項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以得出結(jié)論，電子媒體進入音樂世界……”。最后一段提到Onemoreimportantpartformusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.（音樂物質(zhì)文化的一個更重要的部分應(yīng)該被挑出來：電子媒體的影響——收音機、錄音機、磁帶錄音機、電視和錄像帶，以及未來有希望的會說話和唱歌的電腦和其他發(fā)展），結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，電子媒體被引入到音樂文化中，它是音樂的載體，那么可以推斷電子媒體的多元化意味著更多的音樂形式，故C項“已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了新的音樂文化形式”符合題意。A項“已經(jīng)帶來了一場信息革命”，文章只提到電子媒體是信息革命的一部分，沒有提到是電子媒體帶來了信息革命，偷換概念；B項“加快了新一代計算機的到來”表述不符合原文；D項“導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)樂器的轉(zhuǎn)變”文中沒有提到。故該題選擇C項正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“下面哪一個最好地總結(jié)了文章的主要思想？”。本文主要講述的是音樂物質(zhì)文化展現(xiàn)的音樂發(fā)展歷程，即樂器作為物質(zhì)對音樂的發(fā)展；而且文章第一段也講到Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,ismusicalinstrument.（研究一種文化的工具和技術(shù)可以告訴我們這個群體的歷史和生活方式；同樣，研究音樂的物質(zhì)文化可以幫助我們理解音樂文化；當(dāng)然，其中最生動的“物”是樂器），所以文章的主要思想是音樂文化的發(fā)展依賴于它的物質(zhì)方面，D項“音樂文化的發(fā)展高度依賴于其物質(zhì)方面”符合題意。A項“多年來發(fā)展起來的樂器遲早會被電腦取代”，文章沒有這樣的表述；B項“音樂不能傳給未來的一代，除非它被記錄下來”和C項“民歌不能傳播很遠，除非它們被打印在樂譜上”都是部分提及，太片面。故該題選擇D項正確。

4.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問題1選項

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問題2選項

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問題3選項

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問題4選項

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問題5選項

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點是在疾病過程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對日常生活影響最大，所以B選項“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項“存活率”，C選項“壽命”和D選項“健康保險公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時，我們無意中低估了對姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國家需要認真對待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒有說姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯誤。C選項“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機構(gòu)，國家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯誤。D選項“研究者認為這個主題很無聊”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

18.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個問題，因為它迫使人們在治療和臨終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項“不允許病人同時尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯誤。B選項“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個月的患者”和D選項“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長病人的預(yù)期壽命時，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計的，只有在患者預(yù)計存活時間為6個月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長生命的治療。），這里說的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計存活時間為6個月或更短的時候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時不以延長壽命為目的，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

19.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項“熟練和經(jīng)驗豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項正確。B選項“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對疾病早期，故錯誤。A選項“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國家對此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對減輕患者痛苦的保險情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強調(diào)推動姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項“改善美國的癌癥研究”，B選項“改革癌癥患者的保險范圍”和C選項“了解癌癥治療和護理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

5.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

6.單選題

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

問題1選項

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法知識。介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞要與先行詞搭配。題干中先行詞是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：實驗表明，出生的季節(jié)會極大地影響生物鐘的運轉(zhuǎn)速度。因此選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incredible“難以置信的”；B選項inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C選項incredulous“懷疑的、不輕信的”；D選項indifferent“冷漠的、不關(guān)心的”，句意為：當(dāng)他聽到這個意外的消息時，他覺得不可思議，但我最終說服了他。A選項符合句意，因此選A。

8.單選題

Manypeople,ifnotmost,____literarytasteasanelegantaccomplishment,byacquiringwhichtheywillcompletethemselves,andmakethemselvesfinallyfitasmembersofacorrectsociety.

問題1選項

A.lookon

B.lookdown

C.lookin

D.lookinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析與上下文語義。A選項lookon“觀看；看待”；B選項lookdown“俯視；瞧不起”；C選項lookin“往里看；（~on順道拜訪）”；D選項lookinto“調(diào)查；窺視”。句意：許多人，即使不是大多數(shù)，____把文學(xué)品味作為一種高雅的修養(yǎng)……根據(jù)句意，此處表達的是把文學(xué)品味看作一種高雅的修養(yǎng)，A選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

9.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問題1選項

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產(chǎn)的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過去”。句意：由于先前的約會，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對。C項符合題意。

10.填空題

[A]Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeople.Learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainmutualrespect,andunderstanding—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.

[B]Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuseopponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alargepartofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsbyopponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognizeweaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

[C]Noneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.

[D]Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennisgames.Parisofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.

[E]Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:"thereisonlyoneway...togetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit."Thisaversiontoa