考研考博-英語-三峽大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三峽大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

人們不會再建造大學校，而是會縮減現今存在的學校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學生需求，這些學生愿意把很多時間花在不到校學習上。隨著每天到校的學生越來越少，需要的設備也就越來越少，那么，在設備上的投資也就越來越少，設備的價值很快也就喪失了。教育機構的電腦會被連接到能提供幾乎是沒有限制的計算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網絡上。在科技和基礎設施上節(jié)省下來的資金會被用到為所有學生提供更好的教學設施，通過掌上電腦給所有學生提供可以進入到計算機網絡中心的接入口。學生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學習任務，上傳和下載信息，打印報告，進入網絡，還有就是存儲他們研究的結果。

不公正并不會在2010年就消失。然而，無論是因為經濟等級，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會直接通過政策，管理和經濟上的優(yōu)先權加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權會促使將用于建筑和管理的費用轉向以學生為驅動的費用，即為所有的學生準備可以進入到先進學習環(huán)境的必備的學習工具。所有的學生都將有機會讓他們自己為充滿競爭的新經濟社會做好準備。教育機會不再會因為個人出身低或是沒有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當地的企業(yè)會在學生的專業(yè)實習準備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動中表現突出的話，可以接受稅務減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear20102.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復興；蘇醒”；persist“堅持”；intensify“增強，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務所中那些運用手段圖謀權力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個人對于確定誰應該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應與initialfascination形成對比，故D項“減退”正確。

3.單選題

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

問題1選項

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

問題2選項

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

C.Ordersforthemareeasilytobecancelled.

D.Industriesofthemmaybelesssustainable.

問題3選項

A.Ordersfordurablegoodsareaffectedbybadweatherindeed.

B.Decreaseofordersfordurablegoodsiscausedbydiseasespread.

C.Slumpofdurablegoodsindustriesstartedearlierthanthought.

D.Thenewdatamaynothaverevealedtherealityoftheindustries.

問題4選項

A.ThestrongdollarmakesAmericanproductslessattractive.

B.Consumersarenotwillingtospendmoreondurablegoods.

C.Companiesdarenotacceptthecapitalinvestmentfrombanks.

D.Theconditionsofgeneraleconomicgrowtharenotpresent.

問題5選項

A.Quiteconfident.

B.Fairlyanxious.

C.Abitconfused.

D.Verypessimistic.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第二段“WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.我們之前認為，盡管美國制造業(yè)近年來出現了復蘇，但這不是可持續(xù)的?！笨芍绹圃鞓I(yè)的復蘇可能會很快結束。故A項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第四段“Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.然而，建立在少數可持續(xù)產業(yè)基礎上的復蘇是不可持續(xù)的。這是因為，當被壓抑的需求得到滿足時，一些大型行業(yè)將會遭殃。總產出可能會停滯?！?/p>

3.推理判斷題。由第五段“AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,‘themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.’正如咨詢公司CapitalEconomics的經濟學家所言，‘更大范圍的低靡從去年秋天開始。事實上，自去年10月以來，核心訂單逐月下降?！笨芍陀卯a品產業(yè)的衰落比想象中要開始得早。故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.罪魁禍首顯然是美元走強。因為它使得制造業(yè)出口（約占美國出口總額的一半）更加昂貴?！笨芍狝項“強勢美元降低了美國產品的吸引力”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由最后一段“ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.這對美國制造業(yè)，甚至整個經濟增長來說都不是好兆頭?！笨芍髡邔γ绹圃鞓I(yè)的態(tài)度是非常擔憂的。故B項正確。

4.單選題

Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.

問題1選項

A.potential

B.theoretical

C.definite

D.alternative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。potential“潛在的，可能的”；theoretical“理論的；理論上的”；definite“一定的，確切的”；alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的”。句意：也許令人驚訝的是，對出國旅游的游客來說，最大的潛在健康風險實際上是道路交通事故。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

問題1選項

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項isusedto和B選項wasusedto均表示“習慣于……；習慣”；C選項usedto意為“過去常常，過去經常做某事”，有過去常這樣做，現在不這樣做了的意味；D選項hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時。句意：約翰過去抽煙很厲害，但現在不抽了。因此C選項正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美國黑人的暴力革命絕不可能得到白人的同情與支持，也得不到大多數黑人的同情與支持。現在不是浪漫幻想的時候。如果不能認識到這一點，我們將會得出無法解決困難的方法、無法回答疑問的答案與無法闡釋問題的解釋。

7.單選題

InmyOpinion,agooddealofthe（）fortheirsuccessmustgotoJohnFrancis,thecaptain.

問題1選項

A.reputation

B.respect

C.credit

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reputation“名聲，名譽”；respect“尊重”；credit“功勞；信譽”；compliment“贊美”。句意：在我看來，他們的成功主要歸功于他們的隊長約翰。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

問題1選項

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。convey動詞，“傳達，運輸”；verbal“口頭的，言語的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；authentic“真正的”。根據下文“她能準確地復述她母親講給她聽的故事”，說明孩子的口頭記憶很好，所以選項B正確。

9.單選題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

問題1選項

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B選項dull“鈍的；遲鈍的；無趣的；呆滯的”；C選項obscure“昏暗的；晦澀的；不清楚的；隱蔽的”；D選項distinct“明顯的；獨特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的”。句意：她對她詩人朋友的提及盡管令人關注，但是卻太晦澀而沒有人能理解。根據句中“buttoo但是卻太”可知“晦澀的”符合語境，因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

問題1選項

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ultimate“最終的，極限的”；B選項utmost“極度的，最遠的”；C選項superior“上級的，優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項supreme“最高的，極大的”。句意：眾所周知，教皇是羅馬天主教會的最高領袖。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

11.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問題1選項

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預期的，未來的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災難是瞬間的，然而其他災難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對比關系可知此空應選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時的”意思相反的詞，故A項“累積的”符合題意，答案A

12.單選題

Itwas（

）thelasttimearoundthetrack（

）Ireallykickeditin—passingthegossipinggirlfriends,blockingoutthewhistlesofboyswhohadalreadycompletedtheirrunandnowwerehangingoutonthegrassyhill,Iran---pushinghard,breathingshallowly,knowingfullwellthatIwasgoingtohavetohearaboutitfrommydisapprovingfriendsforthenextfewdays.

問題1選項

A.notuntil...when

B.notuntil...that

C.until...when

D.until...that

【答案】B

【解析】由選項及題干可知本題考查“not…until…”強調句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”，因此B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

問題1選項

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。根據第一段的內容可知第一句為本段的中心句。作者列舉McKendrick和Plumb是為了說明他們做了相關的研究發(fā)現了人們對奢侈商品和服務需求的增加。所以選項C正確。

第2題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有實際消費者寫的相關私人資料才能讓人精確掌握"他想要什么"。選項B符合原文。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據關鍵詞“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了勞動人民對資本主義消費方式的抵抗情緒。所以選項D敵對的，符合原文。

第4題:信息歸納題。根據第三段的內容可知，本段主要就“消費者為什么變得那么急于購物”的原因展開，作者提到兩個原因但給出了自己的質疑，隨后給出自己的見解，即作者認為人們喜愛購物是一種自我滿足的形式。所以選項B正確。

第5題:信息推斷題。題干中的"thecontemporaryworld"與最后一段中的"ourownworld"同義。所以根據最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世紀英國對那些有用的瑣碎商品及服務的不知足預示了我們目前這個世界的特征。所以選項D共同點在于他們對不同商品的強烈追求，符合原文。

14.單選題

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

問題1選項

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeoff“起飛；離開”；keepoff“讓開；不接近”；getoff“動身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根據醫(yī)生的說法，如果一個人能遠離煙酒，他會更健康。選項B符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現在，我們眼前又進行著類似的運動。資產階級的生產關系和交換關系，資產階級的所有制關系，這個曾經仿佛用法術創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產資料和交換手段的現代資產階級社會，現在像一個魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術呼喚出來的魔鬼了。幾十年來的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過是現代生產力反抗現代生產關系、反抗作為資產階級及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復中越來越危及整個資產階級社會生存的商業(yè)危機就夠了。在商業(yè)危機期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經造成的生產力被毀滅掉。在危機期間，發(fā)生一種在過去一切時代看來都好像是荒唐現象的社會瘟疫，即生產過剩的瘟疫。社會突然發(fā)現自己回到了一時的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭，使社會失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因為社會上文明過度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達。社會所擁有的生產力已經不能再促進資產階級文明和資產階級所有制關系的發(fā)展；相反，生產力已經強大到這種關系所不能適應的地步，它已經受到這種關系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個資產階級社會陷入混亂，就使資產階級所有制的存在受到威脅。資產階級的關系已經太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財富了?！Y產階級用什么辦法來克服這種危機呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產力，另一方面奪取新的市場，更加徹底地利用舊的市場。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過是資產階級準備更全面更猛烈的危機的辦法，不過是使防止危機的手段越來越少的辦法。

16.單選題

Mr.Whiteisovereighty,buthestill______hispositionaschairmanoftheboardandwillnotretire.

問題1選項

A.goesinfor

B.getsonwith

C.fallsbackon

D.holdsonto

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.goesinfor參加，追求B.getsonwith在……獲得成功，與……友好相處

C.fallsbackon求助于，回頭再說D.holdsonto堅持，抓住不放

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由空格后的hisposition（他的職位）可知，四個選項只有D項符合，表示“保留職位”。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合句意。

【句意】懷特先生已經八十多歲了，但他仍然保留著董事長的職位，不會退休。

17.單選題

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

問題1選項

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。moderately“適度地，有節(jié)制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物學上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在現代社會，人們經常感覺生理上是舒服的，但卻遭遇心理上的問題。由but可知其前后內容性質相反，前面提到生理，故空格處應該填心理上地。

18.單選題

The（

）languageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.lively

C.indecent

D.humorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項artificial“人工的，人造的”；B選項lively“精力充沛的，生氣勃勃的”；C選項indecent“不得體的，不合適的，粗鄙的”；D選項humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由veryignorantandrude（非常無知和粗魯）可知地方官員的語言應該是“不得體的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官員的不得體語言使他們顯得非常無知和粗魯。

19.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

問題1選項

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項fashions“時尚；時裝；樣式；方式；時髦人物”；B選項frontiers“前沿；邊界；國境”；C選項facets“面；方面；小平面”；D選項formats“格式；版式；開本”。句意：這本書大致介紹了這些根本的信仰和價值觀對美國人生活各個重要層面的影響。因此C選項正確。

20.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

許多人質疑跨國婚姻的穩(wěn)定性。這種質疑讓我覺得疑惑，因為如果你停下來想一想美國的離婚問題，你會想到大多數破裂的婚姻都是土生土長的美國人之間的。當然，我并不認為有任何統(tǒng)計數據可以表明，跨國婚姻比傳統(tǒng)婚姻更容易走向離婚。我對婚姻的不穩(wěn)定和婚姻中的國籍差異之間是否有任何有意義的關系是十分懷疑的。

在這些變化和轉折中，我們對生活方式的感受會經歷四個感知領域的細微變化。第一，是我們內心對自己和他人的看法。第二，是我們在生活的各種威脅面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我們對時間的感知。最后，是我們對自己的精力和活力的直覺變化。這些都是朦朧的感覺，它們構成了我們生活的基調，并影響著我們采取行動前的各種決定。

這里有很多因素值得關注。當主要的決策者和經濟學家們談到蓬勃發(fā)展的全球經濟和自由貿易的好處時，他們往往忽視了那些失敗者。微軟和波音的首席執(zhí)行官都是贏家，他們將聯(lián)合擔任這次世界貿易組織西雅圖會議接待委員會的主席。但已經形成的全球化形式增加了貧富國家之間的差距。

21.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問題1選項

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領導期望的在社會學領域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

22.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicine