考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.問答題

Ashumankindmovesintothethird(A)millennium,itcan(B)rightfullyclaimtohavebrokennewgroundin(C)theirage-old(D)questtomastertheenvironment.

【答案】C;“their”改為“its”。

【解析】考查代詞。句意：隨著人類進(jìn)入第三個(gè)千年，人類可以正當(dāng)?shù)芈暦Q其在自古以來對(duì)環(huán)境的掌控中開辟了新的道路。It代指上文的“humankind”表示人類，為單數(shù)形式，所以下文也應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式“its”。故將C項(xiàng)的“their”改為“its”。

2.單選題

Hedoesnot______hisworkmate,andthereareoftendisagreementsbetweenthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goonwith

B.putupwith

C.getalongwith

D.keepupwith

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.goonwith繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行B.putupwith忍受，容忍

C.getalongwith與……和睦相處；取得進(jìn)展D.keepupwith趕得上；和……保持聯(lián)系

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句“他們之間經(jīng)常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之間的關(guān)系不是很好，所以空格處表示“和睦相處”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】他和他的同事相處不好，他們之間經(jīng)常有分歧。

3.單選題

Weare（）totheidea,butwedoubtwhetherthetimeisripetoputitintoforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equal

B.adequate

C.considerate

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。beequalto等于，相當(dāng)于；beadequateto勝任，適合；beconsiderateto對(duì)……體貼；besympatheticto贊成。句意：我們贊同這一想法，但我們懷疑實(shí)施這一想法的時(shí)機(jī)是否成熟。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'（

）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的熱情好客給我留下了深刻印象，我在這次晚宴中很開心。

考查名詞辨析。Hostility敵意,戰(zhàn)爭行動(dòng);indignation憤慨,義憤;hospitality好客,殷勤;humanity人道,仁慈。故C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thesuspectgavea（

）explanationforhispresenceatthescene,sothepolicedecidedtolookelsewherefortheperpetratorofthecrime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbelievable

B.credible

C.insufficient

D.apologetic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。unbelievable“不可信的，站不住腳的”；credible“可信的，可靠的”；insufficient“不充分的，不足的”；apologetic“道歉的，辯解的”；根據(jù)句意‘由于嫌疑人為自己在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的出現(xiàn)做出了（

）解釋，所以警察決定轉(zhuǎn)向其它地方搜尋該犯罪的作案者?！_定B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)的問題。例如，在需要機(jī)器24小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的自動(dòng)化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯栴}變得越來越重要了)。故選C“因?yàn)橐恍┕I(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個(gè)人需要五天至一周的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時(shí)間，即白天睡覺，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來，唯一真正可以解決問題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時(shí)間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個(gè)人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時(shí)間的顛倒，同時(shí)也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的一種方法是測(cè)量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有高溫，晚上會(huì)有低溫)可知選項(xiàng)A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時(shí)測(cè)量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快地適應(yīng)一個(gè)顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項(xiàng)C“每隔一段吋間測(cè)量體溫，可以顯示個(gè)人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒有異常發(fā)生)可知選項(xiàng)D“長期上夜班的或上長白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

7.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項(xiàng)storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項(xiàng)reserves“儲(chǔ)備”。填一個(gè)名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲(chǔ)備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲(chǔ)備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費(fèi)和應(yīng)對(duì)嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

8.單選題

The100AkerWoodmaylooklikeadark,forbiddingplacethesedaysforMichaelD.Eisner.That’swhereWinniethePooh，Piglet，andEeyorelive,andthecartooncharacters—whichrepresentatleast$1billionayearinrevenuesforEisner’sWaltDisneyCo.—areinfullrevolt.A12-years-oldlawsuit,sealedinaLosAngelescourtuntilJanuary,hascometolight,andaseriesofcourtrulingsthreatenthemediagiantwithhundredsofmillionsinoverduelicensepaymentsandpossiblythelossofoneofitsmostlucrativeproperties.

HowlargeahitDisneywilltakeisstillindispute.Disneyisappealingtworulings,includingoneallegingthatcompanyexecutivesknowinglydestroyedimportantpapersrelatedtoitslicensingdeals.ThePoohaffairmayseemminoratatimewhenEisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockpriceandABC’sanemicratings,buttheDisneychairmanhardlyneedsmorejostlingfromaSillyOldBear.What’smore,theimpactcouldbesignificant.AfteracknowledgingtotheSecuritiesExchangeCommissiononAug.9that“damagescouldtotalasmuchasseveralhundredmilliondollars”orthelossofthelicensingagreement,Disneywashitwithnewshareholderlawsuits.

Disneywantstokeepitsgriponthatbearandhishoneyjar.PoohisDisney’ssinglelargestproperty,saysMartinBrocksteinexecutiveeditorofTheLicensingLetter.Thataddsuptoabout$100millioninoperatingearningsfromroyaltiesonPoohT-shirts,backpacks,andothermerchandise?FiguresGerardKlauerMatheson&Co.analystJeffreyLogsdon.Lastyear,Disneypaid$352milliontoonepairofheirsofWinnie-the-PoohauthorA.A.Milne.ButthefamilyofStephenA.Slesinger,aNewYorkliteraryagentwhoboughttheU.S.rightsin1930，saysDisneyowesthem$200milliononlicensesforT-shirtsandothermerchandiseandhascutthementirelyoutofthelucrativevideocassetteandDVDarena.HeadedbyShirleySlesingerLasswell,an80-year-oldwidowwhotravelswithaWinnie-the-Poohbeareverywhere,thefamilycontendsitisowedcloseto$1billion,sayitslawyers.Disney,whichsaysitpaystheSlesingers$12millionayear,insiststhe$1billionfigureisapublicitystunt.“The1930contractsaystheygetroyaltiesonmerchandisealone,notallexploitation,”saysDisneyattorneyDanielJ.Petrocelli.

TheSlesingersalsochargethatDisneylostdocumentsrelatedtomerchandisesalesanddestroyedothersthatextendedtheaccordtoDVDsandvideotapes.OnJune18，LosAngelesSuperiorCourtJudgeErnestM.HiroshigerejectedtheauditbyaforensicaccountanthethoughtundulyfavoredDisneyandfoundthatDisney“misusedthediscoveryprocess”byhidingthefactthatitdestroyeddocumentsthatmighthaveexpandedthelicensingagreementtotapesandDVDs.

Absentthosedocuments—whichincludethepapersofthelateDisneyConsumerProductschiefVincentJefferds—thecasemayhingeonthe“mommymemo.”Thatmemo,writtenin1983bySlesingerdaughterPatriciatohermother,Shirley,describesameetingwithJefferdsattheBeverlyHillsHotelatwhichJefferdsallegedlytoldPatricia“thatvideosandallthesenewthingswerecoveredandtoshutupaboutit,”accordingtocourtdocuments.BecauseDisneydestroyedJefferds’letters,JudgeHiroshigeruledthatDisneyisbarredfrom“introducingevidencedisputing”thefamily’scontentionthattheywereentitledtoroyaltiesonvideocassettes.Disneyisappealingtheruling.

Settlementseemsunlikelyamongtheparties.Oneobstacle:thestill-simmeringanimositytowardSlesingerlawyerBertramFields,whowona$250millionsettlementforformerDisneystudiochiefJeffreyKatzenberginahyper-charged1999case.Thistime,thecharactermaybesoftandfuzzy,butthepayoutcouldbebigger.ForEisner,PoohisbecomingoneVeryBigBother.

1.Theexpression“infullrevolt”inthesentence“That’swhereWinniethePooh,Piglet,andEeyorelive,andthecartooncharacters...,areinfullrevolt.”(Para.1)impliesthat________.

2.Theword“anemic”intheexpression“Eisnerisunderattackfor..,ABC’sanemicratings”(Para.2)canbeparaphrasedas________.

3.Thesentence“Disneywantstokeepitsgriponthatbearandhishoneyjar.’’(Para.3)canbestbeexplainedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhydoestheauthorsaythatDisney’scasemay“hingeonthe‘mommymemo’”？

5.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecartooncharactersarenolongerpopular

B.Disneyisseriouslyinvolvedinlawsuits

C.theyshowthesignofdefeatofDisneyinlawsuits

D.thecartooncharactersnolongerplaypositiveroles

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.changing

C.steady

D.declining

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Disneywantstotakebackthebearsoastomakemorehoney.

B.Disneywantstotakecontrolofitscartooncharacters.

C.DisneywantstokeepthemostprofitablepropertyWinniethePooh.

D.Disneywantstowinthe12-year-oldlawsuit.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BecauseDisneyhasbeenbarredfromintroducingfurtherevidence.

B.BecausethedocumentsrelatedtoDisney’smerchandisesalescannotbefound.

C.BecausethismightbetheonlydocumentrevealingDisney’soriginalattitude.

D.BecauseSlesingerdaughterfaithfullyrecordedJefferds’words.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Disneyhasintroducedconvincingevidencetodefenditself.

B.Disneyhasdestroyedsomeimportantpapersonpurpose.

C.Disneyhaslostinthe1999casewithJeffreyKatzenberg.

D.ThestockpriceofDisneyhasbeengoingdownforaperiodoftime.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句，“A12-years-oldlawsuit…andaseriesofcourtrulingsthreatenthemediagiantwithhundredsofmillionsinoverduelicensepaymentsandpossiblythelossofoneofitsmostlucrativeproperties.”，可知迪斯尼公司卷入了訴訟案件，將遭受巨大的損失，所以致使那里的維尼熊、小豬皮杰等卡通人物全力反抗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“…whenEisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockpriceandABC’sanemicratings…”，可知艾斯納受到了兩方面的打擊，一方面是迪斯尼較低的股價(jià)，另一方面是ABC較低的評(píng)級(jí)，所以anemic的意思應(yīng)該為低迷的、下降的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“PoohisDisney’ssinglelargestproperty”，可知小熊維尼是迪斯尼最大的財(cái)產(chǎn)，下文接著提到了小熊維尼的商權(quán)版稅帶來的巨大收益，所以迪斯尼想保留最賺錢的財(cái)產(chǎn)-小熊維尼。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Thatmemo,writtenin1983bySlesingerdaughterPatriciatohermother,Shirley,describesameetingwithJefferdsattheBeverlyHillsHotel…”，可知備忘錄是斯萊辛格女兒帕特里夏于1983年寫給她的媽媽雪莉的，里面記敘了在貝佛利山酒店與杰拉德的一次會(huì)面，杰拉德是迪斯尼產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)主管，所以在其他文件都已經(jīng)銷毀的情況下，媽咪備忘錄可能是揭示迪斯尼最初態(tài)度的文件。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…companyexecutivesknowinglydestroyedimportantpapersrelatedtoitslicensingdeals.”，可知迪斯尼高管銷毀了與授權(quán)交易相關(guān)的重要文件，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“EisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockprice…”，可知艾斯納受到迪尼斯股價(jià)長期下行的打擊。選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Oneobstacle:thestill-simmeringanimositytowardSlesingerlawyerBertramFields,whowona$250millionsettlementforformerDisneystudiochiefJeffreyKatzenberginahyper-charged1999case.”，可知1999年，斯林格律師伯特倫?菲爾茲為迪士尼公司前首席執(zhí)行官杰弗里?卡森伯格贏得了2.5億美元的和解金?？赏茰y(cè)障礙之一就是迪斯尼訴訟的失敗。選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“優(yōu)秀策劃者，幕后操縱者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根據(jù)句意：《最后的晚餐》被廣泛認(rèn)為是達(dá)?芬奇的杰作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)。因此C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“不公平地被恢復(fù)主義者批評(píng)”。因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對(duì)二元論的不滿有一段時(shí)間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對(duì)主流工業(yè)社會(huì)的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)?？芍鸢笧锳項(xiàng)“討論一個(gè)次要的問題來充當(dāng)對(duì)一個(gè)重要問題進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)更符合恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的模式。因此A項(xiàng)“Turner和Jordan對(duì)恢復(fù)主義者計(jì)劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機(jī)體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵問題是恢復(fù)計(jì)劃本身忠實(shí)于恢復(fù)的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計(jì)劃與他們的原則不一致”。

11.單選題

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（職位）晉升

C.transfer（工作）調(diào)動(dòng)D.precedence優(yōu)先

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句從助理教練（assistantcoach）到主教練（headcoaching）是職位的晉升，B選項(xiàng)“（職位）晉升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)raise“加薪”，原句側(cè)重職位提高，而不是工資的增加；

C選項(xiàng)transfer“（工作）調(diào)動(dòng)”，沒有B選項(xiàng)“（職位）晉升”具體；

D選項(xiàng)precedence“優(yōu)先”，不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】助理教練在短短9個(gè)月內(nèi)晉升為主教練，這是一個(gè)驚喜。

12.翻譯題

人們最初是怎樣發(fā)明文字的現(xiàn)在依然不為人所知。換句話說，語言的起源是個(gè)謎。我們所了解的人們與動(dòng)物不同，他們不知用何種方法發(fā)明了一些聲音來表達(dá)思想和感情、行為和事物，以便能互相交流。后來他們?cè)谝恍┓Q作字母的符號(hào)上達(dá)成一致意見，這些字母可以合在一起代表這些聲音，而且可以書寫。這些聲音，無論是以口頭還是字母的形式出現(xiàn)，都稱作單詞。

【答案】Howdidmenfirstlearntoinventwords?Itisstillunknowntopeople;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwesupposeisthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthing