考研考博-英語-北京社會管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京社會管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

BecauseJenkinsneither______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothaidesadmirehisjournalistic________.

問題1選項

A.criticizes...acumen

B.attacks...neutrality

C.confronts...aptitude

D.dismisses...flair

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。criticize“批評，評論”；attack“攻擊，抨擊”；confront“面對，遭遇”；dismiss“解散，解雇”。acumen“聰明，敏銳”；neutrality“中立”；aptitude“天資”；flair“資質(zhì)”。句意：因為詹金斯對于管理層和罷工工人既不批評也不為之辯護(hù)，兩個助手都很佩服他的新聞敏銳感。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

（）theredcellsoftheblood,hemoglobin（血紅蛋白）transportoxygenformthelungtothetissues.

問題1選項

A.Comparedto

B.Attackedby

C.Confinedto

D.Attributedto

【答案】D

【解析】comparedto與...相比；attachedby附屬于；confinedto局限于,限制于；attributedto由于,歸功于。句意：由于血液中的紅細(xì)胞,血紅蛋白將氧氣從肺輸送到組織。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe（

）500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.

問題1選項

A.note

B.illustrate

C.mark

D.remember

【答案】C

【解析】句意:為紀(jì)念大教堂建造500周年，一場特殊的紀(jì)念儀式將在里面被舉行。

考查動詞辨析。Note注意,留意,指出;illustrate(用示例、圖畫等)說明,解釋,表明…真實;mark做記號,做標(biāo)記,留下痕跡;remember回想起,記得,記起。分析題干可知此處表示“幾年500周年”,故選C。

4.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

問題1選項

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

問題2選項

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

問題3選項

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

問題4選項

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

問題5選項

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一個令人發(fā)指的建議，政府應(yīng)為考古學(xué)提供資金，并減少非法挖掘的數(shù)量。）”。A選項“博物館文物陳列的替代品”；B選項“在有益于考古行業(yè)的同時遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C選項“區(qū)分有科學(xué)價值和沒有科學(xué)價值的文物的方法”；D選項“政府對考古遺址的管制”。聯(lián)系全文可知B選項更符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至沒有足夠的錢來整理這些發(fā)現(xiàn)；結(jié)果，它們再也找不到了，變得像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過一樣難以接近。）”。A選項“博物館官員很少允許學(xué)者接觸這些文物”；

B選項“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空間用于存儲”；C選項“在發(fā)掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物往往彼此分離”；D選項“這類工件通常保持未編目狀態(tài)，因此一旦放入存儲中就無法定位”。因此D選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建議，科學(xué)的考古考察和政府當(dāng)局在公開市場上出售發(fā)掘出來的文物。這種銷售將為挖掘和保存考古遺址以及公布結(jié)果提供大量資金。）”。A選項“潛在購買者更愿意購買經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的文物”；B選項“非法挖掘文物的價格會上漲”；C選項“計算機可以用來追蹤出售的文物”；D選項“出售經(jīng)過鑒定的文物所得的錢可以用來調(diào)查和起訴非法挖掘者”。因此D選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但對這種秘密產(chǎn)品的需求將大大減少。）”由此可知復(fù)制的工件會供過于求，于是這些工件會大量涌現(xiàn)，最終會導(dǎo)致對這些暢銷品的需求下降。因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型發(fā)掘中，考古學(xué)家最近在一個院子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了2000個幾乎無法辨認(rèn)的小陶罐。）”，由此可推斷出塞浦路斯可能會成為復(fù)制品的主要市場來源。A選項“非法挖掘最終將完全停止”說法太過絕對化，文章并未提到完全終止。B選項“考古學(xué)家將能夠比現(xiàn)在更頻繁地公布他們的發(fā)掘成果”，如果復(fù)制工件合法化，考古學(xué)家會更愿意公開他們的挖掘成果。因此D選項正確。

5.翻譯題

(36)Formany,theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishasconfirmedexistinganti-globalizationsentimentsandisbeingreflectedinoppositiontomoreliberalizedtrade.Underthedislocationcausedbythefinancialcrisis,manycountriesareattemptingtocurtailimportsorimposeotherrestrictionsontrade.AtboththeG-20Leaders’Summitandthemeetingsoffinanceministersandcentralbankgovernors,participantsagreedtofightallformsofprotectionismandmaintainopentrade.However,inMarch2009,WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-GeneralPascalLamystatedthatmembersoftheWTOwereshowinga“worryingtendencytowardincreasedtradeprotectionismasaresultofthedeepeningglobaleconomiccrisis.”

(37)Theovertformsofprotectionismorbeggar-thy-neighborpoliciesarelimitedbyrulescountrieshaveagreedtoasmembersoftheWTO.However,thereisamplescope,forincreasesintradebarriersthatareconsistentwithWTOrulesandobligations,includingincreasesinappliedtariffstohigherboundlevels.IfallWTOmembersraisedtheircurrentlyappliedtarifftotoday’sWTOboundrates,tariffsworldwidewoulddouble.TheWTOhassaidthatsuchincreasesintradebarrierscouldcauseworldtradetoshrinkbyupto8%andreduceglobalwelfarebyupto$350billion.

Almostanygovernmentinterventionintoeconomicactivityaffectsinternationaltradeandcapitalflows.Sincegovernmentinterventiongenerallyisinfluencedbypoliticalconsiderationsandmayinvolvetaxdollars,itusuallyfavorsdomesticconstituenciesattheexpenseofforeignconstituencies.(38)Adangerintheprocessofrecoveringfromtheglobalfinancialcrisisisthatcountriesmaytrytocapturealargershareofadecliningvolumeofinternationaltraderatherthanattempttoinducerecoveryintradeflowsbyhelpingtheirmacro-economiesreturntohealth.IntheUnitedStates,the“BUYAmerican”provisionintheFebruary2009stimuluspackagehasbeencharacterizedbysomeasastepdowntheslipperyslopeleadingtoprotectionismandasign,worryingtomany,thattheUnitedStatesmaynotbealeaderofthefree-tradeinitiativesintheyearsahead.TheEuropeanUnionhasraisedquestionsaboutwhetheritsprovisionsarecompatiblewithU.S.internationaltradecommitmentseventhoughtheprovisionappliesonlytosteel,iron,andmanufacturedgoodsusedinconstructionprojectsandlanguagewasincludedthattheprovision“shallbeappliedinamannerconsistentwithUnitedStatesobligationsunderinternationalagreements.”(39)Thecriticismfromothernationsofthisprovisionappearstobebasedonbothitspresumedeffectsandthefearthatevenarelativelysmall“BuyAmerican”provisionatthistimecouldsetaprecedentthatcouldopenthefloodgatesandprovidetheexcuseforacycleof“creepingprotectionism”byothernations.

【答案】36.對許多人來說，全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機證實了現(xiàn)有的反全球化情緒，并且反映在反對更加自由化的貿(mào)易。在金融危機造成的混亂下，許多國家正試圖減少進(jìn)口或施加其他貿(mào)易限制。

37.對世貿(mào)組織成員國而言，公開形式的保護(hù)主義或以鄰為壑的政策受限于他們所同意的規(guī)則。然而，符合世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則和義務(wù)的貿(mào)易壁壘仍有很大的增加空間，包括將適用關(guān)稅提高到更高的上限。

38.在從全球金融危機中復(fù)蘇的過程中，一個危險在于，各國可能會試圖從不斷下降的國際貿(mào)易量中分得更大的份額，而不是試圖通過幫助其宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)健康來促進(jìn)貿(mào)易流動的復(fù)蘇。2009年2月，美國發(fā)布經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計劃，其中包括“購買美國貨”的條款，有的人把這視為導(dǎo)致保護(hù)主義的滑坡路，也是一個令許多人擔(dān)心的跡象，這表明美國在以后可能不再領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自由貿(mào)易計劃。

39.其他國家對這一條款的批評似乎是基于其假定影響和人們的擔(dān)心，即使是目前規(guī)模相對較小的“購買美國貨”條款也可能開創(chuàng)先例，進(jìn)而打開閘門，為其他國家的“漸進(jìn)式保護(hù)主義”循環(huán)提供借口。

6.單選題

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

問題1選項

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕首外,貨箱內(nèi)裝滿陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分詞作狀語,花瓶應(yīng)該是被打碎的,所以用broken。

7.單選題

Everythingintheuniverseundergoes（

）developmentandchange.

問題1選項

A.constant

B.continual

C.continuous

D.endless

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項constant“不變的，經(jīng)常的”；B選項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”；C選項continuous“連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的”；D選項endless“無限的”。句意：世界上的所有事情都經(jīng)歷著（）發(fā)展和變化。D選項作“無休止的”的解釋是一般形容不好的事物，所以不能選；

Constant：多指習(xí)慣性的重復(fù)和不變的持續(xù)，這里修飾的詞語是change，所以不符合語境；

Continual：強調(diào)重復(fù)或持續(xù)發(fā)生，但連續(xù)之間允許有間斷；

Continuous：語意最強，強調(diào)在時間和空間上沒有間斷；

這里發(fā)展和變化之間會存在著間斷，所以C選項最符合題意。

8.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個社會化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國司法部長，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂隊成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問題1選項

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問題2選項

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問題3選項

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問題4選項

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動，但是檢察官決定不起訴他，第二個例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官決定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險）可知第一段所舉的兩個例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項“檢察官在起訴人時有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因為他不想待在監(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個例子中的一個方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個例子的意圖。因此B選項正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險）可知作者在這里想表明的問題是檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項“檢察官對被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時可知A選項“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項和原文相悖；B選項“任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險”以及C選項“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問題，第二段主要想強調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國檢察官辦公室里，一個流行的游戲是給一個名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級檢察官找出一個合理的罪名來起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個法學(xué)雷區(qū)）可知這個小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項“在一些地方用來培訓(xùn)初級檢察官”原文未提及；B選項“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對于美國該情況是十分擔(dān)心的，選C選項“擔(dān)心”；A選項“滿意”，B選項“虧本”以及D選項“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

問題1選項

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A項assist表示“幫助，協(xié)助”；B項acknowledge表示“致謝，承認(rèn)”；C項advocate表示“提倡，擁護(hù)”；D項admit表示“承認(rèn)，容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對電子游戲，所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：瓊斯先生強烈反對電子游戲，提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。

10.單選題

PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.

問題1選項

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項

A.Honestbusinessmen

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers

C.Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom

D.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment

問題4選項

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

問題5選項

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“句子‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness’可能是什么意思？”。第一段truthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.（真相就是在美國社會商業(yè)機構(gòu)比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他任何類型的組織有更多的威望）說明美國人很關(guān)注商業(yè)。因此ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness表達(dá)的意思是“商業(yè)是美國人第一關(guān)心的”。A選項“美國商業(yè)機構(gòu)關(guān)注的是商業(yè)”，這個選項邏輯沒問題，但是比較片面；B項“商業(yè)問題對美國政府很重要”和D項“美國是全球商業(yè)的強國”沒提到。故該題選C。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“美國人相信他們只有怎樣才能實現(xiàn)他們的個人價值？”。第二段最后一句Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競爭不僅本身是良好的，它還是一種保護(hù)手段，其他基本的美國人價值觀都是受它的保護(hù)，如個人自由、機會均等和努力工作等），由此可知美國人是可以通過競爭實現(xiàn)他們的個人價值。B項“通過做生意”沒有提到，A項“給予平等的機會”和C項“保護(hù)個人自由”都是包括在競爭的保護(hù)機制里面，最終還是通過競爭才能實現(xiàn)自己的價值。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“商業(yè)競爭對誰有利？”。第三段第三句ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.（如果一個商業(yè)機構(gòu)試圖不公平地利用它的顧客，它就會輸給那些對待顧客更公平的競爭對手），由此推斷出競爭不僅有利于顧客的利益，也有利于公平對待客戶的商業(yè)機構(gòu)。A項“誠實的商人”不夠全面；C項“擁有平等和自由理想的人們”和D項“商業(yè)機構(gòu)和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B選項“商人和顧客”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“人們認(rèn)為政府與商業(yè)有顯著的不同，因為政府的特點是什么？”。第四段第一句Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（競爭的商業(yè)和政府的壟斷總是經(jīng)常拿來對比），可以推斷出政府和商業(yè)競爭相比，政府的壟斷是權(quán)利上的操控，B項“保護(hù)個人自由的功能”這是競爭的特點；C項“保護(hù)美國基本價值觀方面的作用”沒有提到；D項“行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的民主方式”，只提到了政府的壟斷，沒有提到民主。因此A選項“對權(quán)利的絕對控制”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章可以推斷出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.（競爭的成功被美國人視為基于家庭背景而產(chǎn)生的社會地位的替代），即美國是不依靠家庭背景決定社會地位，從而推斷出，相反其他國家就要依靠社會地位。A項“美國人比其他國家的人更具野心”、C項“美國商業(yè)比其他國家更民主”和D項“其他國家的商業(yè)不像美國商業(yè)一樣有競爭性”沒有提到。因此B選項“許多國家的成功取決于一個人的社會地位”正確。

11.單選題

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

問題1選項

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項status“地位；狀態(tài)”；B選項bonus“獎金；紅利；額外津貼”；C選項chorus“合唱隊；齊聲”；D選項census“人口普查；普查”。句意：針對住宅購買模式的一項最近普查顯示，在美國很多30歲以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D選項正確。

12.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問題1選項

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項segregation“分離”；B選項specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績于下周開始______。根據(jù)語境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

TheattackonFortSumternearCharlestonprovokedasharpresponsefromtheNorth,whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

問題1選項

A.demanded

B.elicited

C.expedited

D.defied

【答案】D

【解析】句意：查爾斯頓附近的薩姆特堡遭襲激起了北方的強烈反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致了美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。provoked意為“激起，挑釁”。demanded強烈要求，需要；elicited抽出，引出；expedited加快，促進(jìn)，發(fā)出；defied藐視，反抗，挑釁。選項D與之意思相近。

14.單選題

Somepeoplewanttomakeasmuchmoneyastheycanbecausetheybelievethatmoneycanbringthemfameand（）.

問題1選項

/