考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

In1871theParisCommunewhich,asmentioned,wasthefirstsocialistrevolution,wasalsothelastonetotakeplaceinacountrythatwaspartofthecapitalistcenter.Thetwentiethcenturyinauguratedwiththe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheriesanewchapterinhistory.ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),inMexico(1910-1920),China(1911)and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.ThisawakeningofthepeoplesandnationsoftheperipherywascarriedforwardintheRevolutionof1917,theArabo-MuslimNahda,theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919,andtheformationoftheIndianCongress(1885).

Inreactiontothefirstlongcrisisofhistoricalcapitalism(1875-1950),thepeoplesoftheperipherybegantoliberatethemselvesaround1914-1917,mobilizingthemselvesundertheflagsofsocialism(Russia,China,Vietnam,Cuba)orofnationalliberation(India,Algeria)associatedtodifferentdegreeswithprogressivesocialreforms.Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.From1917tothetimewhenthe"Bandungproject"(1955-1980)ranoutofsteamandSovietismcollapsedin1990,theseweretheinitiativesthatdominatedthescene.

IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.NordoIseethe1914-1945periodexclusivelyas"the30years"warforthesuccessionto“Britishhegemony.”1seethisperiodalsoasthelongwarconductedbytheimperialistcentersagainstthefirstawakeningoftheperipheries(EastandSouth).

Thisfirstwaveoftheawakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheryworeoutformanyreasons,includingitsowninternallimitationsandcontradictions,andimperialism’ssuccessinfindingnewwaysofdominatingtheworldsystem(throughthecontroloftechnologicalinvention,accesstoresources,theglobalizedfinancialsystem,communicationandinformationtechnology,weaponsofmassdestruction).

Nevertheless,capitalismunderwentasecondlongcrisisthatbeganinthe1970s,exactlyonehundredyearsafterthefirstone.Thereactionsofcapitaltothiscrisiswerethesameasithadhadtothepreviousone:reinforcedconcentration,whichgaverisetogeneralizedmonopolycapitalism,globalization("liberal"),andfractionalization.Butthemomentoftriumph-thesecond"belleépoque,"from1990to2008,echoingthefirst"belleépoque,"from1890to1914-ofthenewcollectiveimperialismoftheTriad(theUnitedStates,Europe,andJapan)wasindeedbrief.Anewepochofchaos,wars,andrevolutionsemerged.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasrevolutioninthepassage?

2.Theword"Kondratieffcycles"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Howdothepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheriesforcethehistoricalcapitalismto“adjust”totheirfirstwaveofindependentinitiatives?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheideaoflastsentenceofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.The“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.

B.TheBritishhegemony.

C.TheEgyptianRevolutionof1919.

D.TheParisCommune.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aterminpolitics

B.atermineconomics

C.aterminecology

D.aterminsociology

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.throughsocialism.

B.throughnationalliberation.

C.throughindustrialization.

D.throughfinancialglobalization.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.Inthissituation,theimperialismhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

B.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantpositionsandtheyhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroltheplanetinthissituation.

C.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantmilitarycontroloftheplanet.

D.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,letaloneallowittoachievethisaimthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipherynowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.

B.Peopleintheperipheryhavenoalternativethantooptforadifferentdevelopmentpath.

C.Theinitiativeofthehistoricaldevelopmentspontaneouslypassestothepeoplesandnationsoftheperiphery.

D.Thetwentiethcenturyinaugurated—withthe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheries”-anewchapterinhistory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“In1871theParisCommune…ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),…and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905…theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919…”，所以英國的霸權(quán)主義文中沒有提及。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.”，可知我并不會(huì)從長(zhǎng)期的康德拉蒂夫周期來看待壟斷資本主義衰退的兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期危機(jī)，而是歷史全球化資本主義衰落和向社會(huì)主義過渡的兩個(gè)階段?？赏茢喑鯧ondratieffcycles是與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的術(shù)語。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.”，可知他們走上了工業(yè)化的道路，來強(qiáng)迫統(tǒng)治者“調(diào)整”以適應(yīng)第一次獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.”，可知在這種情況下，外圍國家的第二波覺醒已經(jīng)開始了，其拒絕讓三足鼎立的帝國主義保持它的統(tǒng)治地位，但帝國主義的軍事控制除外。可推斷出在這種情況下，帝國主義必須對(duì)全球繼續(xù)實(shí)施軍事控制。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文。第一段提及了20世紀(jì)的民族革命運(yùn)動(dòng)；第二段主要提到資本主義開始走上了工業(yè)化的道路來調(diào)整使其適應(yīng)獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)；接著第四段和第五段介紹了兩次民族覺醒革命。所以文章的主題以20世紀(jì)外圍民族的覺醒和革命運(yùn)動(dòng)展開。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave（）suchacrime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.clarified

C.committed

D.conveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。commitcrime是固定搭配，意思是“犯罪，干壞事”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.翻譯題

Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethat’’energeticallylesscostly,"inscience-speakBipedalism-walkingontwofeet-isoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghuman,andscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanation,researcherstrainedfivechimpanzeestowalkonatreadmillwhilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.

Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsusesonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpanzeesusewhileknuckle-walkingonfourlimbs.Andthechimps,onaverage,useasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.

However,therewasvariabilityamongchimpanzeesinhowmuchenergytheyused,andthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferencegaitsandanatomy.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids（原始人）downthepathtobeinghuman.

【答案】人類為何進(jìn)化到了直立行走的姿態(tài)？可能這是因?yàn)橹绷⑿凶咭菀椎枚?。用科學(xué)術(shù)語來說，直立行走能“節(jié)省能量”。用兩條腿走路是人類的基本特征之一，多年來，科學(xué)家們?cè)谶@一特征的形成問題上一直爭(zhēng)論不休。在這項(xiàng)最新研究中，研究人員讓五只大猩猩戴著可測(cè)算氧氣消耗量的面罩在跑步機(jī)上行走。

研究人員對(duì)大猩猩在直立行走和四肢著地行走時(shí)消耗的氧氣量分別進(jìn)行了測(cè)量，并將結(jié)果與人類的進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。這些結(jié)果在本周《國家科學(xué)院院刊》的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上公布。

測(cè)算結(jié)果表明，人類用兩條腿行走時(shí)消耗的能量?jī)H為大猩猩四肢著地行走時(shí)所消耗能量的四分之一。平均來看，大猩猩兩條腿行走時(shí)消耗的能量與四肢著地行走時(shí)的差不多。但行走時(shí)消耗能量的多寡在這些大猩猩中也存在差異。這與它們不同的步法和解剖學(xué)特征有關(guān)。我們認(rèn)為雙腿直立行走的進(jìn)化是原始人向人類進(jìn)化的最初階段中的一步。

4.填空題

Johnusedtodrinkheavilyatbusinessgatherings.Hisfriendsand（1）warnedhimnottodrivewhenhehadbeendrinking,buthealways（2）theirwarningsanddroveanyway.The（3）neverstoppedhimwhilehewasontheroad,soheconcludedthathewasanexcellentdriver（4）whenhewasdrunk.This,（5）,wasfalse,asheprovedoneeveningonhis（6）backfromadinnerwithclients.Verydrunk,hedrovethrougharedlightandcrashedintoanoncomingcarwithfivepassengers.Twowere

（7）instantly,twowereinjuredandone,thedriver,escapedunharmed.Johnsurvived,buthespenttwoandahalfmonthsinthehospital（8）fromhismanyinjuries.Afterhistrialhewassentto（9）forthreeyears.Hewasreleasedlastmonth.Nowheis（10）torebuildhislife.

【答案】1.colleagues

2.ignored

3.police

4.even

5.however

6.way

7.killed

8.recovering

9.jail

10.trying

【解析】1.語義題。由前一句中的“businessgatherings(商業(yè)聚會(huì))”及本句的“friends(朋友)”推測(cè)此處應(yīng)填“colleagues(同事)”。

2.邏輯分析。由關(guān)鍵詞“but但是”及droveanyway不管怎樣還是開車”知這里表示“忽視他們的警告”。

3.語義題。由關(guān)鍵詞“stophim讓他停下了”及“ontheroad在路上”可推知第三個(gè)空應(yīng)填“police警察”。

4.邏輯分析。這里用even表示讓步:即使喝醉了。

5.邏輯分析。However表示轉(zhuǎn)折“然而”。

6.固定搭配。onone’sway在路上。

7.語義題。句意:兩人當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡，兩人受傷，一名司機(jī)毫發(fā)無傷地逃跑。

8.固定搭配。recoverfrom恢復(fù),痊愈。而前面是spendtimein(花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事),后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的ing形式。所以這里填recovering。

9.語義題。后面句子說:Hewasreleasedlastmonth(他上個(gè)月被釋放),所以前面說“被判入獄”。

10.語義題。句意:現(xiàn)在他正在嘗試重建他的生活。

5.單選題

Recentsuccesseshave（

）thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.revised

C.obscured

D.dissected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distinguish“區(qū)分”；revise“修改”；obscure“掩蓋，隱藏”；dissect“仔細(xì)分析”。句意：最近的成功掩蓋了公司還處在麻煩中的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Veryyoungchildrenwithnoreadingexperiencemayastoundtheirparentswiththefirstwordstheyread,suchasadepartmentstoresignannouncingBigSale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amaze

B.please

C.convey

D.bother

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。astound表示“使驚駭，使震驚”；A項(xiàng)amaze“使吃驚”，B項(xiàng)please“使喜歡，使高興，使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)convey“傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸，讓與”，D項(xiàng)bother“煩擾，打擾，使……不安”。句意：沒有閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的幼兒第一次讀到的單詞可能會(huì)讓他們的父母感到震驚，比如百貨商店的招牌上寫著“大減價(jià)”。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

1.WashingtonIrvinggraspedthisfactnearlyahundredyearsagowhenhewrote:"ThestrangerwhowouldformacorrectopinionofEnglishcharactermustgoforthintothecountry.Hemustsojourninvillagesandhamlets;hemustvisitcastles,villas,farmhouses,cottages;hemustwanderthroughparksandgardens,alonghedgesandgreenlanes;hemustloiteraboutcountrychurches,attendwakesandfairsandotherruralfestivals,andcopewiththepeopleinalltheirconditionsandalltheirhabitsandhumors.''

2.Theimpactofdecentralizationtrends,ofcourse,extendswellbeyondcities.SprawlingdevelopmentpatternsaredestabilizingmanyofthesuburbsthatsurroundAmerica'scities.Oldersuburbsareexperiencingthesamechallengesascities:failingschools,persistentcrime,andthelossofjobsandbusinessestoother,furtheroutsuburbs.Evensuburbanareasthataredevelopingrapidlyarefindingthatexplosivegrowthhasitsdrawbacks,especiallyintheformofovercrowdedschools,butalsoinlongcommutesandtheinabilityoflocalgovernmentstopayfornewroads,sewers,andotherinfrastructure.

【答案】1.華盛頓·歐文遠(yuǎn)在一百年前就把握住了這一事實(shí)。他寫道："外地人若要對(duì)英國人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必須到鄉(xiāng)村去。他應(yīng)該在鄉(xiāng)村小住數(shù)日，參觀城堡、別墅、農(nóng)場(chǎng)房屋及村民居住的農(nóng)舍，逛逛公園、花園，沿著矮樹叢及林蔭小路溜達(dá)；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下時(shí)光，參加紀(jì)念守護(hù)神節(jié)日的活動(dòng)，看看集市，與村民同慶他們的節(jié)日，與不同場(chǎng)合的人打交道，了解他們的習(xí)慣并欣賞他們的幽默。"

2.當(dāng)然，分散化趨勢(shì)的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了城市范圍。無序擴(kuò)張的發(fā)展格局破壞著全關(guān)各城市周圍許多郊區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。年代較久的郊區(qū)經(jīng)受著和市區(qū)同樣的挑戰(zhàn)：學(xué)校教育質(zhì)量每況愈下、犯罪屢禁不止、就業(yè)和商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)流失到其他更遠(yuǎn)的郊區(qū)。即使是發(fā)展迅速的郊區(qū)也出現(xiàn)了爆炸式增長(zhǎng)的弊端，尤其體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：學(xué)校過度擁擠,上下班交通耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)?shù)卣疅o力出資建造新的道路、下水道和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對(duì)客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認(rèn)識(shí)方法的不同，以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭(zhēng)論。因此，有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對(duì)的意見看作對(duì)自己的莫大幫助，把對(duì)自己的批評(píng)當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因?yàn)?，贊同的意見未必正確，反對(duì)的意見未必錯(cuò)誤。退一步說，即使錯(cuò)誤的反對(duì)意見，對(duì)自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京嚴(yán)重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國官方媒體的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。據(jù)廣泛報(bào)道污染事件的新華社報(bào)道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護(hù)部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計(jì)算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說，PM2.5對(duì)人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時(shí)，《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國從健康呼吸開始》的社論。注意到中國快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，

社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機(jī)后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對(duì)問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、有效和強(qiáng)有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

9.單選題

（）theadvancesofthescience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asfor

B.Despite

C.Except

D.Besides

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管科學(xué)在不斷發(fā)展，老年時(shí)期的不安感仍然未被消除。

考查介詞辨析。句子前半部分表示:科學(xué)在不斷發(fā)展，后半部分表示:老年時(shí)期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分為讓步關(guān)系，答案為B項(xiàng)。

10.翻譯題

我們不能肯定什么是“智力”,也不能肯定智力表達(dá)什么。但這一事實(shí)并不妨礙我們認(rèn)為智力是一種非常有用的概念,也不妨礙我們對(duì)智力測(cè)驗(yàn)給予相當(dāng)程度的信賴。在一次智力測(cè)驗(yàn)中,我們?nèi)訙y(cè)驗(yàn)一個(gè)人解決各種各樣難題和問題的能力。如果我們?nèi)×舜硇詷颖?就可以成功地預(yù)測(cè)此人在各種職業(yè)中將獲得何種程度的成就。

英國議會(huì)1944年通過的教育法案使普及中等教育成為法律條文。除少數(shù)獨(dú)立基金學(xué)校以外,中等學(xué)校將對(duì)全民開放。由于全國中等學(xué)校的數(shù)目最多能容納11歲以上兒童總數(shù)的25%左右,所以只好做某種選拔。嚴(yán)格的學(xué)術(shù)性考試和測(cè)驗(yàn)被認(rèn)為對(duì)那些在高質(zhì)量小學(xué)就讀和家庭學(xué)術(shù)氣氛濃厚的兒童很有利。因此,智力測(cè)驗(yàn)被設(shè)計(jì)出來,以抵消這種狹隘的專業(yè)化教學(xué)內(nèi)容,其方法是引入一些并非以書本知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的問題。換言之,智力測(cè)驗(yàn)主要通過給兒童提供一些在其能力與理解力范圍內(nèi)的不同真實(shí)情景,嘗試評(píng)價(jià)兒童思考、推理、判斷、分析和綜合的總體能力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.

【答案】Thefactthatwearenotsurewhat"intelligence"is,norwhatispassedon,doesnotpreventusfromfindingitaveryusefulworkingconcept,andplacingacertainamountofrelianceontestswhichmeasureit.Inanintelligencetestwetakeasampleofanindividual'sabilitytosolvepuzzlesandproblemsofvariouskinds,andifwehavetakenarepresentativesample,itwillallowustopredictsuccessfullythelevelofperformancehewillreachinawidevarietyofoccupations.

Thisbecameofparticularimportancewhen,asaresultofthe1944EducationAct,secondaryschoolingforallbecamelaw,andgrammarschools,withtheexceptionofasmallnumberofindependentfoundationschools,becameavailabletothewholepopulation.Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.Narrowlyacademicexaminationsandtestswerefelt,quiterightly,tobeheavilyweightedinfavourofchildrenwhohadhadtheadvantageofhighly-academicprimaryschoolsandacademicallybiasedhomes.Intelligencetestsweredevisedtocounteractthisnarrowspecialization,byintroducingproblemswhichwerenotbasedonspecificallyscholastically-acquiredknowledge.Theintelligencetestisanattempttoassessthegeneralabilityofanychildtothink,reason,judge,analyzeandsynthesizebypresentinghimwithsituations,bothverbalandpractical,whicharewithinhisrangeofcompetenceandunderstanding.

11.單選題

ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.Thiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperience.ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.

SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.

Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.

Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.

WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomen?Marriage.Ason.Twodaughters.Breakfast.Ironing.Lunch.Bowling,maybeagardencluboffortheverydaring,non-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife?”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.

Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.

1.Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical?

3.Whatdoestheword“militant”mean?

4.Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheSecondWaveofFeminist.

B.Women’sIndependentSpirits.

C.TheUnityofWomen.

D.TheActionofUnion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hesupporteditwholeheartedly.

B.Heopposeditstrongly.

C.Hedisapprovedtosomeextent.

D.Heignoreditcompletely.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aggressive.

B.Ambitions.

C.Progressive.

D.Independent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenwereexploitedbythemale.

B.Womenwereindependentofthemale.

C.Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.

D.Themaleweretheircommonenemy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段舉了一個(gè)具體的例子，第二段指明SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.（她是我所說的第二次女權(quán)主義浪潮的象征。她就是現(xiàn)代女性的代表。），接下來全文圍繞女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)展開論述。因此A選項(xiàng)“第二次女權(quán)主義浪潮?！弊罘衔恼轮髦?。B選項(xiàng)“女性的獨(dú)立精神”和C選項(xiàng)“女性的團(tuán)結(jié)”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能概括文章主旨，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“工會(huì)的行動(dòng)”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.（許多女權(quán)主義組織的迅速發(fā)展證明了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即這些激進(jìn)的女權(quán)主義者已經(jīng)觸動(dòng)了一些重要的神經(jīng)?！杜俊冯s志就在《生活》雜志停刊那年誕生?？墒菃酒鹩X醒的會(huì)議常常成為這些活動(dòng)的目的。性別歧視常常顛倒過來，鼓勵(lì)憎恨男人。許多人都曾是大男子主義者。），表明了作者對(duì)激進(jìn)分子有點(diǎn)批評(píng)、不滿的態(tài)度。接下來最后一段又說到Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.（因此，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一種溫和的趨勢(shì)。提高覺悟越來越被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立和實(shí)現(xiàn)的手段，而不是實(shí)現(xiàn)本身的儀式。真正的獨(dú)立可以通過能力，通過尋找事業(yè)，通過教育來實(shí)現(xiàn)。），說明了作者的觀點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立是靠踏實(shí)工作，提高婦女自身的能力來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因此C選項(xiàng)“在某種程度上不贊成?！弊钅苷f明作者對(duì)激進(jìn)分子的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)“全心全意地支持”，B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”，D選項(xiàng)“完全忽視”的說法都過于絕對(duì)，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“militant”可以定位到文章第四段第三句Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.（在過去的五年里，女權(quán)主義的首要方面經(jīng)常以這種激進(jìn)的、階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的調(diào)子出現(xiàn)。），說明過去五年的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)斗爭(zhēng)性很強(qiáng)。因此A選項(xiàng)“好斗的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“雄心壯志的”，C選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)步的”，D選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“radicalfeminist”可以定位到第四段第一、二句Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.（激進(jìn)的女權(quán)主義者在緊密團(tuán)結(jié)中找到了力量。第一次她們認(rèn)識(shí)了自己，她們可以探索自我，意識(shí)到她們的力量，把男人及其制度視為她們共同的敵人。），說明激進(jìn)女權(quán)主義者對(duì)男性的看法是把他們視作共同的敵人。因此D選項(xiàng)“男性是她們共同的敵人?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“女性被男性剝削”，B選項(xiàng)“女性獨(dú)立于男性”，C選項(xiàng)“女性的生活被男性剝奪”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Seldom______anymistakesduringmypastfiveyearsofservicehere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didImake

B.shouldImake

C.Iwouldmake

D.wouldImake

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：在服務(wù)這里的過去五年里，我很少出錯(cuò)。句首為半否定的詞語用部分倒裝，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語makemistakes確定用助動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)pastfiveyears確定用過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)didImake符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長(zhǎng)壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

14.單選題

Earthquakesrank______forestfires,floodandtornadoes______majorcalamities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with,