考研考博-英語-南通師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.不定項選擇題

“Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Idon’tknowwhatitis.It’snotembarrassment.Nothat’snotit.Yousee,you’reputtingyourheadinanoose;that’swhatitseemstome.”Derek,anarmedrobberwithalongrecordofjobs,wastalkingabouthoisting(shop-lifting).“NoIjustcouldn'tdoit.Imeanjustgoinginthere.”Hepausedtotrytofundamoreexactwayoffixing;hisantipathy.“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.”

Itseemedafannywaytoputit.Pushingacoupleoftiesinyourpocketatashopwashardlythelastwordinextroversion,andevenabitonthediscreetsidewhencomparedtoallthatfiringofshotgunsandvaultingovercounterswhichmadeupthetypicalbankraid.

Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.Afterafewconversationswithprofessionalholsters,Irealizedthat“blatant”wasjustaboutright.

Nobodytookacoupleoftiestheytookthewholerack.Thefastmemberofthegangwouldwalkinniceandpurposefully.Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.Then,winesomebodyelsedivertstheassistantorprovidessomefortofmasking,thethirdmemberliftsthelot.

Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds,andtherearealwaysacoupleofsparebodiestoobstructanyonewhoseemstobegettingtoonearthecarrier.

Storedetectiveswhomoveforwardwithwell-foundedsuspicionsmaystillfindthemselvesclutchingemptyair.Storedetectiveswatchforthreemaingive-sways:anysortofloiteringwhichlooksdifferentfromtheusualhangingaroundandditheringthatcharacterizestherealcustomer;anycovertcontactbetweenindividualsshownnoothersignofknowingeachother;anyover-friendlinesstowardssalesstaffwhichmightbeactingasadistraction.“There’soneotherlittleangle”saidonedetective.“Ioftenpoproundthebackstairs;that’swhereyou’lloccasionallyfindoneofthem;tryingtorelaxandgetthemselvesintherightmoodbeforestartingthenextjob.”

1.Thebankrobberwouldn’tconsidershop-liftingbecause（）.

2.Thewritersexperienceledtothinkthatmostshop-lifters（）.

3.Theroleofthefirstmemberofthegangisto（）.

4.Professionalshop-liftersavoidbeingcaughtintheactby（）.

5.Potentialshop-liftersmaybeidentifiedwhenthey（）.

問題1選項

A.itwasbeneathhisdignity

B.thepenaltiesweretoohigh

C.itwasn’tchallengingenough

D.therisksweretoogreat

問題2選項

A.wereattheirteens

B.stolemodestamounts

C.usedviolentmethods

D.stoleforexcitement

問題3選項

A.convincethestaffhe’saseriousshopper

B.removediegoodsfromtheshelves

C.establishtheeasiestgoodstosteal

D.smooththepathforhisaccomplice

問題4選項

A.passinggoodsfromonetoanother

B.hidingbehindordinaryshoppers

C.racingforthenearestexit

D.concealinggoodsinordinarybath

問題5選項

A.seemunabletodecidewhattobuy

B.openlysignaltoapparentstrangers

C.areunusuallychattytoassistants

D.setofftowardsemergencyexits

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。銀行劫匪不會考慮去做商店小偷，因為，選項A“這有失尊嚴(yán)”；選項B“懲罰太重了”；選項C“不夠挑戰(zhàn)性”；選項D“太冒險了”，根據(jù)文章第一段中銀行劫匪拒絕商店偷竊時所說的話“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.我告訴你，這個太厚顏無恥了”，所以由此可以推斷出銀行劫匪不愿意去商店偷竊的原因是他覺得這種行為很無恥，有失身份與尊嚴(yán)，故正確答案為選項A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。作者的經(jīng)歷讓他認(rèn)為大部分的商店偷竊者……選項A“都是十幾歲的青少年”；選項B“偷適量的東西”；選項C“用很暴力的方法”；選項D“為了刺激而偷竊”，根據(jù)文章第三段中對于作者經(jīng)歷的描寫“Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.在我的印象里，商店偷竊還是十幾歲時候的記憶，從當(dāng)?shù)貓罂ろ樖帜脦装谙闾?。偷的不多，但是罪惡感深重”，由此可知選項A錯誤，這里的“十幾歲”指的是作者十幾歲時候的記憶，而不是商店偷竊的是十幾歲的孩子；選項C、D原文中沒有提到；故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題。團伙中第一波成員是干什么的，選項A“使店員相信他是真正來買東西的”；選項B“把商品從貨架上移下來”；選項C“確定最容易偷的東西”；選項D“為他的同伙鋪路”。根據(jù)文章中對第一波進入商店的人的描寫“Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.”可知他們的工作是準(zhǔn)備好要偷的商品，他們會利用一些小技巧使要偷的商品便于同伙來拿，為同伙提供方便，選項B、C所表達的內(nèi)容只是他們可能做的工作之一，并不能代替全部工作，選項A不是他們的工作，由此可知正確答案為選項D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。職業(yè)商店偷竊者通過什么行為來避免被抓住，選項A“將商品互相傳遞”；選項B“藏在普通顧客身后”；選項C“跑向最近的出口”；選項D“把商品藏在浴缸里”，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds…如果距離門口的路程太長，那么就會有其他人來接力，商品不會在每個人的手中停留超過幾秒鐘”，可見他們用來避免被抓住的辦法就是傳遞偷到的商品，不讓警察逮住現(xiàn)行，故正確答案為選項A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。有偷竊嫌疑的人什么時候能被確定，選項A“似乎不能確定要買什么”；選項B“公開對陌生人發(fā)出暗號”；選項C“通常跟店員有很多話講”；選項D“準(zhǔn)備朝著緊急出口跑”，根據(jù)最后一段中警察的話，有三種可能的跡象：第一種是在商店里閑晃，表現(xiàn)得跟普通顧客不一樣的；第二種是假裝互相不認(rèn)識偷偷摸摸的交頭接耳的；第三種是對店員表現(xiàn)得格外熱情的，所以可以排除選項A、B和D，正確答案為選項C。

2.單選題

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項impart“給予（尤指抽象事物），傳授；告知，透露”；B選項ponder“考慮；沉思”；C選項meddle“干預(yù)；干涉”；D選項abound“富于；充滿”。句意：去干涉與你無關(guān)的事情是不明智的。根據(jù)句意判斷出C選項正確。

3.翻譯題

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedman.WhatBhabhadescribesastheuncoveringofthe'contestationandflux’ofidentityhascontributedtothecosmopolitanproject.Manypost-colonialwritersinthisrespectpointtothepartialblindnessofnationalhabitsandtraditions,whichseeonlywhattheywanttosee.

Thediscursivesinofargumentsmadeinrespectofhybridityistopointtothewaycommonidentities(notjustelites)areforgedthroughtheunpredictableflowsofpeoplesandsymbols.

【答案】這種觀點看來，世界文化和后現(xiàn)代文化是一致的，后現(xiàn)代文化包含了世界城市的視覺和感官享受。比如好萊塢電影，麥當(dāng)娜的CD和澳大利亞葡萄酒。這是建立在左派思想的某些偏見之上的，它認(rèn)為如果一個人離開了這個國家的邊界，就會“沉溺于特權(quán)和不負(fù)責(zé)任的超然狀態(tài)”。

從這個觀點來看，世界主義成為全球資本主義潮流，其最明顯的效果是加強了社會各個階層之間的象征界限。

這樣一種社會主義的概念并不會預(yù)測，周游世界的記者們比那些從未離開過自己出生的城市的人更加國際化。原因在于從道德上講，世界主義與各種消費圈是分離的。與此同時，提升包容不同的思維的能力。但是，世界主義確實能夠和各種文化開放的形式聯(lián)系起來，它與喬納森?盧瑟福所稱的“生活藝術(shù)”聯(lián)系更緊密，而不是躁動性或享樂主義。

然而，它通過許多新的主張和議程保留了社會學(xué)的參考點，這些主張和議程涉及了文化的流動性、多元文化主義、性別和性行為。

精英階層的混雜性和文化多樣性，與體制底層經(jīng)歷的分離化和庸俗化過程有著鮮明的區(qū)別。

弗里德曼的觀點是，在面對民族主義者的文化封閉和暴力時，這種洞見可能不會帶來什么幫助。

關(guān)于文化混雜性爭論的雜亂無章的罪惡論，在于指出共同的身份(不只是精英階層)的形成方式，是通過不可預(yù)測的民族和符號的流動而形成的。

4.單選題

Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.

Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.

An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.

“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison，”saidStevenSchandler，professorofpsychologyatChapmanUniversityandchiefofaddictionresearchattheLongBeachVeteransAffairsHealthCareSystem,whoaddedthatbingedrinkingcanleadtoalcoholpoisoning.“Becauseit’sapoison,likeanyotherpoison,ifyoutakeinalittlebit,youmighttolerateit,butifyoutakeinalot,youmightdie.

Administratorsanddoctorssaythatcollegefreshmenareespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoning,inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.

Butproblemswithalcoholaren’tlimitedtoteenagersandyoungadults.A39-year-oldBuenaParkmanrecentlyrecalledthattwodaysofsteadyimbibingonatriptoLasVegasseveralyearsagolefthiminbadshape.

Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.Alcoholicshavehigherlimits.Althoughnotwellunderstood，enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore,Schandlersaid.

Regardlessofaperson’stolerance,alcoholexertsitsinfluencewhentheamountofalcoholtakeninexceedstheamountthatthebodycandigest.Atthatpoint,alcoholpassesfromthebloodstreamintothebrainandbeginsitsattack.Alcoholfirstaffectsthebrain’scortex，whichcontrolsmoresophisticatedthoughtprocesses.That’swhypeoplegenerallybecomelessinhibitedundertheinfluenceofalcohol，andsomearemorewillingtotrythingsthatcouldbedangeroustothemselvesorothers.

Coordination,mainlycontrolledbythecerebellum,isthenexttogo,leadingtoslurredspeechanddifficultywalkinginastraightline.Asexcessivedrinkingcontinues,alcoholmovesdeeperintothebrainuntil“itgetstotheverybasicstructureofthebrainstemthataffectsthingslikerespirationandheartbeat,”saidDr.BretGinther,anassistantclinicalprofessorofemergencymedicineatUCIrvine.

Atthatpoint,peoplemaypassoutorfallintoacoma.Theirvitalsignsmayweaken.“Themostcommoncauseofdeathfromalcoholpoisoningisrespiratoryarrest，”saidGinther.Eventually,theheartsimplystops.Gettingtothatpointisfairlyunusual.ButGinthersaidthatatleastonceortwiceamonth,patientsarebroughtintotheemergencyroomatUCIMedicalCenterinOrangesufferingfromalcoholpoisoning.

Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.Manycollegestrytoeducatestudents,especiallythosecaughtdrinkingillegallyorcausingdisruptions.TheHigherEducationCenterforAlcoholandOtherDrugPreventioninNewton,Mass，advocatesacommunity-basedapproachthatincludesadministrators,faculty,policeandbusinessesinthefighttocurbbingedrinking,inpartbybeingonalertforpeopleabusingalcohol.Thecenteralsostressestheimportanceofparentalguidanceandurgesparentstohavefrankdiscussionswiththeirchildrenaboutexcessivedrinking.

1.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat“bingedrinking”is______.

2.Whyarecollegefreshmenespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoningaccordingtoadministratorsanddoctors?

3.Whatcanenzymesdowhenoneisdrunk?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

5.Bingedrinkingmaymostseriouslyleadto__________.

問題1選項

A.anexcessiveconsumptionofalcohol

B.drinkingoneselfintoacoma

C.drinkingpoisonousalcohol

D.akindofillegaldrinking

問題2選項

A.Theirbodiesarenotusedtoalcohol.

B.Theycannotrefrainthemselves.

C.Theyareundergreaterpressure.

D.BothAandB

問題3選項

A.Theyhelpdrunkenpeoplesurvivewhentheytakeinmorealcoholthantolerable.

B.Theyhelppeopleincomaregainconsciousness.

C.Theyexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneys.

D.Theycanmakepeoplestayconscious.

問題4選項

A.Collegeofficialsareawareoftheseriousnessofstudents’bingedrinkingbutcannotdoanything.

B.Collegeofficialsaretakingmeasurestopreventbingedrinkingthoughwithoutmuchsuccess.

C.Collegeofficialsthinkthattheydonothaveanymethodstostopstudentsfromdrinking.

D.Collegeofficialsjuststandbywithoutdoinganythingtotheproblem.

問題5選項

A.death

B.craziness

C.disability

D.unconsciousness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.”，可知Bingedrinking在大學(xué)是很常見的，許多成年人把飲酒過量看作是人生的一種儀式，所以bingedrinking應(yīng)該是過度飲酒的意思。選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.”，可知一方面原因是缺乏克制，另一方面是剛開始喝酒對酒精耐受度較低。選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“…enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore…”，可知酶能分解并且排出肝臟和腎臟的酒精,這對經(jīng)常喝酒的人效果更好，這樣他們可承受更多酒精。選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.”，可知大學(xué)行政人員一直密切關(guān)注飲酒一事，但沒有相對安全的方法能阻止學(xué)生飲酒。選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段第一句，“Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.”，可知血液內(nèi)酒精含量為4%時，是法定的酒精中毒的限度0.8%的五倍，對大部分人產(chǎn)生致命的影響。所以會造成致命傷害。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Howmanyofus（

）,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

問題1選項

A.attended

B.attending

C.toattend

D.haveattended

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“say”為插入語，“thatisirrelevanttous”為定語，句中主干為：Howmanyofus

ameetingwouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?wouldbeinterestedin是謂語，那么空格處為非謂語動詞，作定語修飾名詞us。不定式作定語表未發(fā)生的，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動關(guān)系，所指的時間既可以指過去，也可指現(xiàn)在。過去分詞作定語表被動關(guān)系，因此選B。

句意：比如說，參加一個與我們毫不相干的會議，那么我們當(dāng)中有多少人會對會議上的討論感興趣呢？

6.翻譯題

該法案旨在對美國中小學(xué)進行教育改革并使所有兒童有機會得到高質(zhì)量的教育。最終目標(biāo)是確保無一人落后。由于此法案的實施，學(xué)校有更多的靈活性把資源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地參與孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

7.單選題

IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.

問題1選項

A.onlybywomenwerefashioned

B.bywomenwerefashionedonly

C.werefashionedonlybywomen

D.werebywomenfashionedonly

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。一般來說被動句式中的主語后面應(yīng)該緊跟發(fā)生的動詞，即被怎么樣了，然后才是發(fā)出動作的人、物，即被誰怎么樣，所以在這個順序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何馬州的奧賽治族印第安部落里，鑲嵌串珠的腰帶只能由社會地位較高的女性來制作。因此，該題正確答案為C。

8.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpreindustrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Modemcomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s，butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojust50hoursbythestartofthe1930’s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek,andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1,800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2,088hoursperworker,comparedto1,957fortheUnitedStatesand1,646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopreindustrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

問題1選項

A.Whypeopleinpreindustrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek.

B.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek.

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries.

D.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題2選項

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.decreasedsignificantly

D.increasedsignificantly

問題3選項

A.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek

問題4選項

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages.

B.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek.

C.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers.

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，作者主要對工業(yè)化前后，人們工作時間的變化。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，工業(yè)革命前，人們每天花三到四個小時來完成生活必需的勞動，到了現(xiàn)代，人們每周需要工作六天，每天工作十到十二小時，可以得出，工作時間是不斷增長的。選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround”，工作的大蕭條時代到來，使他們有了工作分擔(dān)的想法，所以有時候幾個人會同事做同樣的工作。選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段，“In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.”，8小時5天的工作制就開始了，選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

The___landlordrefusedtoreturnthesecuritydepositclaimingfalselythatthetenanthaddamagedtheapartment.

問題1選項

A.unscrupulous

B.resplendent

C.divine

D.deceased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項unscrupulous“肆無忌憚的；寡廉鮮恥的；不講道德的”；B選項resplendent“光輝的；華麗的”；C選項divine“神圣的；非凡的；天賜的；極好的”；D選項deceased“已故的”。句意：___房東拒絕退還押金，謊稱房客損壞了公寓。本句表達“不講道德的房東”。因此A選項正確。

10.翻譯題

我家后屋有一棵高大的白楊樹，上面曾經(jīng)有一個大大的鳥巢。在無數(shù)個從外地歸來的日子里，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看見我家后面樹上的鳥巢，心中立即就升騰起親切溫暖的感覺。我也曾經(jīng)指點著那個鳥巢給我沒過門的妻子說：“看見了嗎？那下面就是我們的家?！?/p>

后來鳥巢漸漸少了。

村里沒有了樹木，也就沒有了鳥巢。村西北角二里路的地方有一個鳥巢，成為我們村土地上唯一的一個鳥巢。其實，鳥巢實在是鳥兒們給人類的一種恩賜(aspecialreward)，是鳥兒們賞賜給人類保護自然、保護環(huán)境的勛章，是鳥兒們戴在人類頭上的光榮的桂冠(alaureate)。鳥兒越多，你的功勞越大，光榮也越多。沒有鳥巢的村莊不能算村莊，要算也只能算是恥辱(shame)的村莊。

所幸的是在我們村莊周圍，鳥巢又一個接一個地建起來了。

【答案】Thenthenestsbecamefewerandfewer.

Whentherearenotreesinthevillage,thereisnonest.Villagenorthwestcornertwomilesoftheplacehasabird’snest,becomeourvillagelandonlyabird’snest.Infact,thebird’snestisreallyaspecialreward.Itisamedalforprotectingnatureandtheenvironment,andalaureatethatbirdswearonabucketofrice.Themorebirdsyouhave,themorecreditandgloryyouhave.Avillagewithoutabird’snestisnotavillage,butavillageofshame.

Fortunately,nestshavebeenbuiltoneafteranotheraroundourvillage.

11.單選題

Scarcely______themselvesintheirscatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.

問題1選項

A.havetheysettled

B.didtheysettle

C.hadtheysettled

D.dotheysettle

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句和時態(tài)。Scarcely…when…表示“一……就……”，當(dāng)scarcely放于句首的時候，句子需要倒裝。因為后面為過去式，空格處的意思是在升起帷幕之前，人們沒有就座，應(yīng)為過去完成時，只有C項符合。句意：在劇院，他們一就座帷幕就升起來了。故正確答案為C。

12.單選題

Itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問題1選項

A.indispensable

B.inviolate

C.indisposed

D.invariable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的”；inviolate“無污點的；未褻瀆的”；indisposed“不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable“不改變的；常數(shù)的”。句意：通常情況下都會認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師和學(xué)生共事時，心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的內(nèi)容。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe（

）ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

問題1選項

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項hallmark“特質(zhì)；品質(zhì)證明”；B選項drawback“缺點；不利條件；退稅”；C選項continuity“連續(xù)性”；D選項ambiguity“含糊；模棱兩可的話”。句意：歷史學(xué)家杰克遜?特納聲稱邊疆地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了個人主義，而個人主義正是美國文化的……，這種個人主義反過來又促進了民主制度和經(jīng)濟平等。由句意可知A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Thereisno（）inapplyingforthatjobasyouarenotproperlyqualified.

問題1選項

A.reason

B.point

C.result

D.chance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項reason“理由”；B選項point“要點”；C選項result“結(jié)果”；D選項chance“機會”。句意：申請那份工作是沒有……的，因為你不夠資格。根據(jù)Thereisnopoint“沒有必要的”，結(jié)合句意可知，選項B正確。

15.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項intention“打算，意圖，意向”，后可接of短語，也可以接不定式短語；B選項interest“興趣，愛好，利息，趣味”，后接介詞in；C選項wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝?！迸cD選項desire“欲