考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)成都學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)成都學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Auction(拍賣(mài))arepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatin“antic”,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,thesemileswerecalled“subhanta”,meaning“underthespear’’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacarvedtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,cobra,fir,mat,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,oldbooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobetoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleddrafter,asgenerallyas.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder,hesafelywaituntilhethefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestingin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,59theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.atfixedprices

C.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable

B.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uselessgoods

B.spears

C.variouskindsoffood

D.propertytakenfromtheenemy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

D.tolimittimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.detailsofthegoodstobesold

C.tileorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold

D.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出價(jià)最高的人成為商品的買(mǎi)家（Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods），所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句話提到當(dāng)拍賣(mài)商在一塊高出來(lái)的臺(tái)面上敲擊小錘時(shí)，競(jìng)價(jià)也就結(jié)束了（Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞spoil有“戰(zhàn)利品”的意思，除此之外，從“從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中得到的”takenfromwar可以推測(cè)這個(gè)詞的意思是“戰(zhàn)利品”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段指出，18世紀(jì)、19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，拍賣(mài)時(shí)會(huì)點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭，而“當(dāng)蠟燭在燃燒時(shí)，人們可以競(jìng)價(jià)”（InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning），由此可知，蠟燭被用來(lái)記拍賣(mài)的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章提到如果廣告沒(méi)有列出所有細(xì)節(jié)，拍賣(mài)者就會(huì)印發(fā)商品目錄（Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Ithasbeenrevealedthatnearlyoneinfivedegreecourseshasbeen（

）sincethetriplingoftuitionfeesto￡9,000ayear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scratched

B.scraped

C.scrabbled

D.scrapped

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。空格處需要填寫(xiě)的是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞形式。scratch“抓，搔”；scrape“刮掉，擦掉”；scrabble“摸索，掙扎”；scrap“廢棄”。句意：據(jù)透露，自從學(xué)費(fèi)翻了三倍至每年9000英鎊后，近五分之一的學(xué)位課程被廢棄了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarcity

B.minority

C.minimum

D.shortage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。scarcity“不足，缺乏”；minority“少數(shù)，少數(shù)派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage“不足，缺少”。句意：大部分護(hù)士是女性，但是在更高級(jí)別的醫(yī)療職業(yè)中，女性卻只有少數(shù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

ShouldIreceiveanymessageswhileIaminthemeeting,kindlyholdthemformetillaftertheoilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Should

B.whileIaminthemeeting

C.kindlyholdthemfor

D.oilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。名詞所有格漏用。應(yīng)改為oilcompany’srepresentativeshaveleft.

5.單選題

IntheUnitedStates,olderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare（1）theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItaly,thepercentageofadultchildrenwho（2）withtheirparents（3）65to70percent.InThailand,too,childrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive（4）.

Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements（5）cultures?Modernizationtheory（6）theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocieties,theelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernization,childrenmovetourbanareas,leavingoldpeople（7）in(8)ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEngland,orwhyfamiliesinItaly,whichisfullymodernized,（9）astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearly,economicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain（10）livingarrangements.

Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomecultures,thestemfamilypatternofinheritance（11）.（12）thissystem,parentslivewithamarriedchild,usuallytheoldestson,whothen（13）theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapan,butchangesininheritancelaws,(14)broadersocialchangesbrought（15）byindustrializationandurbanization,have（16）the（17）.In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid~afigurethatisstillhigh（18）U.S.standards,butwhichhasbeen（19）steadily.InKorea,too,traditionallivingarrangementsare（20）:thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithason,theiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.after

C.for

D.over

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reside

B.recite

C.redeem

D.rebel

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.amasses

B.amounts

C.attains

D.reaches

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lone

B.alone

C.lonesome

D.lonely

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.across

C.within

D.above

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.linked

C.united

D.combined

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.aside

B.after

C.over

D.behind

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.segregated

C.idealized

D.secluded

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.promote

C.reserve

D.support

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.assigned

C.preserved

D.preferred

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.controls

B.overtakes

C.predominates

D.overwhelms

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.under

C.by

D.over

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.delivers

B.conveys

C.conceives

D.inherits

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.mightaswell

C.aswell

D.wellas

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.around

D.about

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.undermined

B.decreased

C.diminished

D.defeated

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.authority

B.usage

C.habit

D.tradition

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.in

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.inclining

B.reclining

C.declining

D.reducing

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.receding

B.removing

C.invading

D.eroding

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.固定搭配。Careabout擔(dān)心,關(guān)心;carefor照顧；沒(méi)有careafter和careover這樣的搭配。

2.動(dòng)詞辨析。Reside居住在,定居于;recite背誦,敘述；redeem贖回,挽回；rebel反叛,反抗。此處表示“與…住在一起”,故選A。

3.動(dòng)詞辨析。amass積聚，積累；amount總計(jì)，合計(jì)；相當(dāng)于，共計(jì)，amountto相當(dāng)于，總共達(dá)到;attain（通過(guò)努力）獲得，達(dá)到（目的）；reach達(dá)到，影響，抵達(dá)，伸出；由空格后“65to70percent(65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。

4.形容詞辨析。lone（adj.）單身的，獨(dú)自的，寂寞的；alone（adj.）獨(dú)自的，單獨(dú)的，孤獨(dú)的；（adv.）獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地；lonesome寂寞的，人跡稀少的；lonely寂寞的，偏僻的?？崭袂盀閯?dòng)詞live(生活),因此空格處應(yīng)為副詞。故選B。

5.固定搭配。acrossculture跨文化的。其余選項(xiàng)為:over越過(guò)，在…之上；within在…之內(nèi)；above超過(guò)，在…上面。

6.短語(yǔ)辨析。associate聯(lián)想，使聯(lián)合，使發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與介詞with搭配，associatewith聯(lián)合；與……聯(lián)系在一起，和……來(lái)往；link連接起來(lái)，將人或物連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)，常與介詞to搭配，linkto鏈接到，把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái);unite使……混合，使……聯(lián)合，使團(tuán)結(jié)，常與with搭配。unitewith聯(lián)合，混合；combine使化合，使聯(lián)合，使結(jié)合，常與with搭配，combinewith與……結(jié)合。題目中空格處與后面介詞to搭配,因此選B。

7.短語(yǔ)辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于現(xiàn)代化,子女搬到城市地區(qū)”可知這里表示“從而將老年人留在了農(nóng)村”。Leavebehind留下。其余選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的搭配為:leaveaside擱置,不考慮;leaveafter無(wú)此搭配;leaveover推遲,延期。

8.形容詞辨析。isolated孤立的,分離的,單獨(dú)的；segregated被隔離的（常用于種族隔離）；idealized理想化的；secluded隱蔽的,隱退的,隱居的。此處句意為:但是由于現(xiàn)代化，子女搬到城市地區(qū),將老人留在了孤立的農(nóng)村。因此A符合句意。、

9.動(dòng)詞辨析。maintain維持,維修,主張;promote促進(jìn),推銷(xiāo),發(fā)揚(yáng);reserve儲(chǔ)備,保留,預(yù)約;support支持,支撐,贍養(yǎng)。此處句意為:或者為什么徹底現(xiàn)代化的意大利家庭仍然保持著一種強(qiáng)烈的代際生活傳統(tǒng)。因此A符合句意。

10.形容詞辨析。appointed約定的,指定的;assigned指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred更可取的,更喜歡的。此空前一句句意為:或者為什么徹底現(xiàn)代化的意大利家庭仍然保持著一種強(qiáng)烈的代際生活傳統(tǒng)。因此此處表示“顯然,單靠經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不能解釋更喜歡的生活安排”。故D符合句意。

11.動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。control控制,管理;overtake趕上,突然來(lái)襲;predominate占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm淹沒(méi),壓倒,受打擊。根據(jù)后面句子中的“ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapan(這種繼承式的家庭體系曾經(jīng)在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。

12.固定搭配。underthissystem在這個(gè)體系下。

13.動(dòng)詞辨析。這里表示“繼承遺產(chǎn)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。Deliver交付,發(fā)表,遞送;convey傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸;conceive構(gòu)思,以為;inherit繼承。故選D。

14.固定搭配。由全格前“changesininheritancelaws繼承法的變化”與全格后“broadersocialchanges更廣泛的社會(huì)變化”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里指代“更廣泛的社會(huì)變化也…”,故選A。

15.短語(yǔ)辨析。這里指代“工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化所帶來(lái)的更廣泛的社會(huì)變化”,bringabout帶來(lái)。其他選項(xiàng)分別為:bringoff完成,救出;bringup提出,養(yǎng)育,嘔出,（船等）停下;bringaround使信服;使轉(zhuǎn)向,使復(fù)原。

16.動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。undermine破壞，漸漸破壞;decrease減少,減小;diminish使減少,使變小;defeat戰(zhàn)勝,挫敗?？崭窈缶湟鉃?在1960年，大約80%的年齡超過(guò)65歲的日本人與自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年時(shí)只有60%年齡超過(guò)65歲的日本人與自己的子女生活在一起……,因此這里表示“傳統(tǒng)正受到逐漸破壞”,故A符合句意。

17.名詞辨析。authority權(quán)威,權(quán)力;usage使用,用法;habit習(xí)慣,習(xí)性;tradition慣例,傳統(tǒng)?？崭窈缶湟鉃?在1960年，大約80%的年齡超過(guò)65歲的日本人與自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年時(shí)只有60%年齡超過(guò)65歲的日本人與自己的子女生活在一起……,因此這里表示“傳統(tǒng)正受到逐漸破壞”,故D符合句意。

18.固定搭配。bystandard按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

19.動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。incline傾斜,傾向,易于;recline靠,依賴;decline減少,下降,衰落;reduce削減,縮減。由空格后句子句意“韓國(guó)老人與自己兒子生活在一起的比例從1984年的77%下降到僅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。

20.動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。recede撤回,減弱;remove移動(dòng),遷移,刪除;invade侵略,侵?jǐn)_,涌入;erode腐蝕,損害,削弱。由空格后句意“韓國(guó)老人與自己兒子生活在一起的比例從1984年的77%下降到僅十年后的50%”可知這里表示“傳統(tǒng)的生活安排正受到損害”。故D符合句意。

6.單選題

Iwouldhavecometoseeyouhaditbeenpossible,butI（）sobusythen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeen

B.was

C.were

D.wouldbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用wouldhavedone，從句用一般過(guò)去式，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。故本題答案選項(xiàng)為D。句意：這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)仔細(xì)檢查了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以免在路上發(fā)生故障。

8.單選題

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)isolated“使孤立，使分離”；B選項(xiàng)signed“署名，寫(xiě)下”；C選項(xiàng)implemented“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”；D選項(xiàng)violated“違反”。句意：這位女演員違反了合同條款，被制片人告上了法庭。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Thepoorthinghashadatoothout,sohecan’ttalkbutmanagesto（

）tocaptureattention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moan

B.grumble

C.criticize

D.complain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。moan“呻吟，抱怨”；grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；criticize“批評(píng)，指責(zé)”；complain“抱怨，控訴”。句意：這個(gè)可憐的家伙掉了一顆牙，所以他說(shuō)不出話只能靠呻吟來(lái)吸引別人注意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Theyoungheiresswasso（

）thatshegaveallhermoneyawayinacoupleofyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.indulgent

C.patriotic

D.ambitious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent“放縱的，寬容的”；patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”；ambitious“野心勃勃的”。句意：年輕的女繼承人如此慷慨，以至于幾年內(nèi)就把所有的錢(qián)送給了別人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusis（）ofhowtogetmorewaterformantouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.what

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題是如何獲得更多的水供人類(lèi)使用。

語(yǔ)法題。考查從句。空格后面是is的表語(yǔ)，因此后面部分只能是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或者從句。這里用that指代前面的problem，故選A。

12.單選題

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。preservation保留，保護(hù)；abrasion磨損，損耗；erosion腐蝕，侵蝕；eruption噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)。句意：土壤侵蝕是一個(gè)自然過(guò)程。當(dāng)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致它比自然條件下發(fā)生得快得多時(shí)，這就成了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin______tohisincome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto表示“與……成比例，與……相稱”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)占他收入相當(dāng)大的比例。

14.單選題

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開(kāi)頭OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能會(huì)接受?chē)?guó)際法和國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)在導(dǎo)致美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事件中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但仍然認(rèn)為，最終，由于沒(méi)有令人信服的法律依據(jù)，這次入侵的事實(shí)使關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際規(guī)則約束國(guó)家行為的想法和安理會(huì)在協(xié)調(diào)集體安全方面發(fā)揮重要作用的想法不可信），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要在探討分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的合法性，選B選項(xiàng)“入侵伊拉克的合法性評(píng)估”；通讀全文可知，國(guó)際法只是文章中所提到的片面內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”不能概括全文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法對(duì)國(guó)家行為的約束力很小”和D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)和美國(guó)”不是文章主要探討的內(nèi)容，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一項(xiàng)確定全世界人民在入侵后態(tài)度的努力表明，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最大的傷亡之一是聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)反對(duì)和支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國(guó)家的人的信譽(yù)）可知伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最大受害者是聯(lián)合國(guó)的信譽(yù)，選C選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)的誠(chéng)信”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)”范圍過(guò)大，排除；B選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)和支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的各州的人”以及D選項(xiàng)“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時(shí)，從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事實(shí)中得出關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的）可知作者認(rèn)為關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的，即反對(duì)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，選B選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)布什政府發(fā)動(dòng)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“阻礙布什政府發(fā)動(dòng)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”錯(cuò)誤，作者只是反對(duì)，不是阻礙，C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有表達(dá)對(duì)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的贊成或反對(duì)意見(jiàn)”和D選項(xiàng)“在分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的合法性時(shí)采取中立立場(chǎng)”錯(cuò)誤，作者有明確的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時(shí)，從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事實(shí)中得出關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的）可知選D選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克就得出關(guān)于使用武力和安理會(huì)使用的國(guó)際法有效性的廣泛結(jié)論是錯(cuò)誤的”；A選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)那里得出關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際規(guī)則的作用或安理會(huì)的效用的籠統(tǒng)結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的”，B選項(xiàng)“就關(guān)于使用武力或安全理事會(huì)效用的國(guó)際規(guī)則的作用得出籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論是錯(cuò)誤的”以及C選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克就不能得出關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際法的作用的結(jié)論”都和原文表達(dá)的含義有偏差。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheeasternpartofAustraliais（）inclimatetothatofthewesternpart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.superior

C.prosperous

D.splendid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)productive“多產(chǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)superior“優(yōu)越的，上級(jí)的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)splendid“輝煌的，燦爛的”。句意：澳大利亞?wèn)|部的氣候比西部的氣候好。本句有一個(gè)比較關(guān)系，besuperiorto“比……好，優(yōu)于……”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.翻譯題

Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.

【答案】

這種情況將是確定無(wú)疑的，能源匱乏將使高能量消耗這種美國(guó)生產(chǎn)方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使少量農(nóng)民聯(lián)合起來(lái)獲得高產(chǎn)量成為可能。

17.單選題

Weareshockedbyhisselfishnessand（）tothosewhoneedshelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inactivity

B.insensitivity

C.stupidity

D.idleness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inactivity“不活動(dòng)；休止?fàn)顟B(tài)”；B選項(xiàng)insensitivity“感覺(jué)遲鈍；不靈敏”；C選項(xiàng)stupidity“愚蠢”；D選項(xiàng)idleness“懶惰；閑散”。句意：他的自私、對(duì)需要幫助的人們……，令我們驚訝。關(guān)鍵信息詞selfishness“自私”，可知對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)是負(fù)面的?？崭窈髏othosewhoneedshelp對(duì)那些需要幫助的人，自私的人以自我為中心是不會(huì)在乎其他人的。insensitivity有麻木不仁，漠不關(guān)心的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.翻譯題

Itisalmostacommonplacethatsuccessfulforeignpolicymustgrowoutofdomesticpoliticalconsensus.CertainlythisistrueintheUnitedStateswithrespecttoenvironmentalissues,wherevirtuallyeverysuccessfulinternationalregimehashaditsrootsinU.S.domesticlaw.ThemostspectacularsuccesstheMontrealozoneagreementgrewoutoftheU.S.regulationofchlorofluorocarbons,thechiefculpritinthedestructionoftheozonelayer,beginningwithabanonaerosolspraycansinthelate1970s.Otherrelativelysuccessfulinternationalregimesforexampletolimitoilpollutionfromtankers,toregulatetradeinendangeredspecies,andtocontroldangerouspesticidesandchemicalsalsobuiltonU.S.efforts,ratherthanattemptingtoforcetheUnitedStatestochangeitswaysthroughthepressureofaninternationalregime.

Fromthebeginning,however,U.S.climatechangepolicyfollowedadifferentpath,focusingoninternationalratherthandomesticmeasures.

Tosomedegree,thisreflectedtheunderstandablereluctanceofmanygovernmentstotakedomesticactionwithoutanassurancethatotherswouldfollowsuit.Giventheglobalcausesofclimatechange,ifacountryactsalone,itsimplydrivesupitsowncostswithoutmakingameaningfuldentinsolvingtheproblem.Internationalactionisnecessarytomakedomesticclimatepolicieseffective.Toagreaterdegree,however,theinternationalfocusofU.S.climatepolicyreflectedalackofdomesticpoliticalwill.AlthoughpollsconsistentlyindicatethatAmericansareconcernedaboutclimatechange,climatechangehasuntilnowneveremergedasamajorpoliticalissueintheUnitedStates.Comeelectiontime,education,socialsecurityandtaxeshavetakeprecedenceinvoters’minds.Indeed,climatechangeusuallydoesnotevencrackthetopthreeenvironmentalconcernscleanwater,cleanairandurbansprawl.Asaresult,climateactivistshavetendedtoviewtheinternationalarenaasapotentiallymorefavorableforum.TheonlyrealattempttoenactbindingdomesticmeasuresrelatedtoclimatechangeoccurredearlyintheClintonAdministration,whenClintonproposedabroad-basedenergytaxaspartofhisfirsteconomicplan.

AlthoughClintonbilledthetaxprimarilyasarevenueratherthanaclimatechangemeasureandmadeitapplicabletoallenergysources,notjustthosethatproducegreenhousegases,thetaxwouldhavediscouragedgreenhouseemissionsbyraisingenergypricesandsomeclimatechangeactivistssawitinthatlight.Inpart,thefocusontheinternationalnegotiationswasdrivenbytheinexorablemomentumoftheinternationalclimateagendaitself,withmajormeetingspracticallyeveryyear,whichkeptclimatechangeonthefrontburner.Ironically,theseregularmeetingswhich