考研考博-英語(yǔ)-曲阜師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-曲阜師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Lookingathistoryfromouruniqueperspective,we’llnaturally（）thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remindthat

B.beremindedthat

C.remindof

D.beremindedof

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)空格后“thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution”，可知這不是一個(gè)句子，所以不需要用that引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆洹皉emindsb.ofsth.”使某人想起……，sb.和remind之前存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Onhiswanderingshe's（）Spanish,Italian,FrenchandasmatteringofRussian.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokenup

B.takento

C.pickedup

D.cometo

【答案】C

【解析】wokenup醒來(lái)，開(kāi)始警覺(jué)；takento開(kāi)始從事，喜歡；pickedup學(xué)會(huì)，獲得，撿起；cometo回到現(xiàn)實(shí)。句意：他在旅途中學(xué)會(huì)了西班牙語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和一點(diǎn)俄語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Whilewatchingtelevision____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetelephonerang

B.weheardthetelephonering

C.weheardthetelephonerang

D.thetelephonewasrung

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thetelephonerang電話響了B.weheardthetelephonering我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話響了

C.weheardthetelephonerang我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話響了D.thetelephonewasrung電話被響

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】由前文現(xiàn)在分詞形式的非謂語(yǔ)watchingtelevision可知，該句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)看電視的，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人——we“我們”；hear后面接賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為do/doing，hearsbdo“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事的全過(guò)程”，hearsbdoing“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事”，該語(yǔ)境中，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話響，電話響是非常短的一個(gè)過(guò)程，原句表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話響了，而不是聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話正在響，更何況，選項(xiàng)中也沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，B選項(xiàng)weheardthetelephonering“我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話響了”形式正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)thetelephonerang，主語(yǔ)不對(duì)；

C選項(xiàng)weheardthetelephonerang，rang的形式不對(duì)；

D選項(xiàng)thetelephonewasrung；主語(yǔ)不對(duì)。

【句意】我們?cè)诳措娨晻r(shí)聽(tīng)到電話鈴響了。

4.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)再到當(dāng)今美國(guó)人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國(guó)的拓荒精神，即美國(guó)人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動(dòng)和激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語(yǔ)言也是如此?！币约白詈笠欢巍癝omepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺(jué)得美國(guó)的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。美國(guó)人不喜歡沒(méi)有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見(jiàn)的。”可知拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為能克服危險(xiǎn)和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難?！薄癏orriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會(huì)毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個(gè)拓荒者可能會(huì)無(wú)助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時(shí)候，洪水可能會(huì)沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)自印第安人的襲擊?！币约暗谒亩蔚谝痪洹癟heworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對(duì)于一個(gè)愛(ài)好和平的拓荒者來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的危險(xiǎn)可能不是來(lái)自自然條件或印第安人，而是來(lái)自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面臨自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個(gè)人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實(shí)力和管理能力?？芍狢項(xiàng)“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國(guó)人不喜歡沒(méi)有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見(jiàn)的?！笨芍?dāng)今美國(guó)人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.

57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.

58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.

59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.

60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.corporatecost

B.corporatescandal

C.corporategovernance

D.corporatemanagement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbevotedownbyshareholders

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.biased

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】56.判斷推理題。題干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是關(guān)于____的”，可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…（今年11月12日公布的審查結(jié)果顯示，Sarbanes-Oxley法案對(duì)董事會(huì)產(chǎn)生了影響。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通過(guò)，旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom這樣的公司倒閉事件重演。）由此可知，審查發(fā)現(xiàn)，該法案防止公司倒閉的措施對(duì)董事會(huì)產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.（獵頭公司KornFerry對(duì)美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)做法的年度評(píng)估，是衡量公司治理健康與否的有用指標(biāo)。）由此可知，該審查是衡量corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，由此推斷，該法案是關(guān)于corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，C選項(xiàng)“corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）”與原文表述一致。干擾選項(xiàng)D“corporatemanagement（企業(yè)管理經(jīng)營(yíng)）”，與原文表述有出入，由于原文使用的是corporategovernance，所以，C選項(xiàng)比D選項(xiàng)更合適；A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)成本”、B選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)丑聞”不符合語(yǔ)境，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

57.詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒(méi)有受到對(duì)企業(yè)丑聞的____的影響。）后文有針對(duì)該觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行舉例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.（例如，盡管越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為前首席執(zhí)行官不應(yīng)該進(jìn)入他們公司的董事會(huì)，但他們進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的美國(guó)公司的比例實(shí)際上已經(jīng)從2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。）由案例可知，前首席執(zhí)行官進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的比例并沒(méi)有受到越來(lái)越多人反對(duì)的影響。由此推斷“越來(lái)越多人持反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)”是一種backlash，所以backlash的意思應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。另外，根據(jù)單詞backlash中的back推斷，該詞的詞義是“反—，往回—”，綜合而言，D選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”更符合語(yǔ)境。A選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的力量”、B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力”的情感基調(diào)不對(duì)，排除；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的措施”，沒(méi)有依據(jù)說(shuō)明是“措施”，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

58.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章，拆分董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位____”，可定位到第3段。A、B選項(xiàng)，可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.（今年早些時(shí)候，麥肯錫咨詢公司（McKinsey）的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，70%的美國(guó)董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，這在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。）由此可知，拆分董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的做法在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，所以A選項(xiàng)“許多歐洲公司這樣做”表述符合原文。另外，70%的美國(guó)董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)還是比較受美國(guó)董事和投資者歡迎的，B選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)企業(yè)家中并不受歡迎”表述不符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“是美國(guó)公司的慣例”，可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開(kāi)。）由此可知，雖然不少美國(guó)的董事和投資者支持拆分職位，但是很少有公司真正這么做，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；D選項(xiàng)“公司的健康發(fā)展是必不可少的”，原文并未提及，排除；因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“我們從課文中得知，一個(gè)‘交錯(cuò)’董事會(huì)____”，可定位到第4、5段。A選項(xiàng)“可以被股東投票否決”，可定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.（其他公司的分級(jí)董事會(huì)制度在公司章程中根深蒂固，股東投票無(wú)法修改公司章程。）由此可知，“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)無(wú)法被股東投票否決，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；B選項(xiàng)“給予董事會(huì)成員過(guò)多的權(quán)力”，可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.（……“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)——每年只有三分之一的董事改選，任期為三年。）由此可知，按照“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)的規(guī)定，每年三分之一的董事需要改選，其實(shí)是限制了董事會(huì)成員的權(quán)力的，選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)美國(guó)公司廢除了”，可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003（盡管如此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的公司實(shí)行分級(jí)董事會(huì)的比例僅略有下降——從2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%）由此可知，到2003年還有60%（大多數(shù)）的公司實(shí)行“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；D選項(xiàng)“不利于企業(yè)價(jià)值的增長(zhǎng)”，可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.（這樣的董事會(huì)無(wú)疑“與公司價(jià)值在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的顯著下降有關(guān)”。）由此可知，“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)使公司經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值下降，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

60.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干“對(duì)于美國(guó)公司的董事會(huì)實(shí)踐，作者的態(tài)度可以說(shuō)是____?！北绢}詢問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)實(shí)踐的態(tài)度，可以從文中表達(dá)情感的詞推斷，第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開(kāi)。）由此定位到前一段，找到前一個(gè)令人失望的點(diǎn)，Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒(méi)有受到對(duì)企業(yè)丑聞的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的影響。）第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…（另一個(gè)令人失望的是，在廢除“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)方面進(jìn)展緩慢……）由此可知，作者對(duì)美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)的實(shí)踐非常失望；最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.（如果有人認(rèn)為2001年的丑聞會(huì)迅速改變經(jīng)理和老板之間的權(quán)力平衡，往好了說(shuō)，那也只是一種天真的想法。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)董事會(huì)改革比較難，綜合而言，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”最符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”（一般要從正反兩方闡述觀點(diǎn)）、C選項(xiàng)“帶有偏見(jiàn)的”沒(méi)有依據(jù)，排除；干擾選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“批判的,不贊成的”，作者并沒(méi)有不贊成美國(guó)董事會(huì)的改革實(shí)踐，只是覺(jué)得它進(jìn)行比較難，比較慢；另外critical也可指有判斷力的，公正的，充分考慮優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，而文章中只是表達(dá)作者的失望，從這一層意思來(lái)看，D選項(xiàng)也不合適。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

6.單選題

Mr.Mortongradually（

）theknowledgeofthesubject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attained

B.required

C.acquired

D.enquired

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)require“要求”；C選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)enquire“詢問(wèn)”。句意：Morton先生漸漸掌握了這門課程的知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Itisafactthattheoldsuperstitiousbeliefsstill______overthepeople’smindinsomecountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.grip

B.hover

C.holdsways

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)grip“緊握，夾緊”，B項(xiàng)hover“盤旋，翱翔，徘徊”，C項(xiàng)holdsways“支配，統(tǒng)治”，D項(xiàng)control“控制”。根據(jù)句子意思“這是一個(gè)事實(shí)，舊的迷信仍然……一些國(guó)家的人們的頭腦”可知，空格處填入C項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這是事實(shí)，在一些國(guó)家，舊的迷信仍然支配著人們的思想。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Wehaveacrisisonourhands.Youmeanglobalwarming?Theworldeconomy?No,thedeclineofreading.Peoplearejustnotdoingitanymore,especiallytheyoung.Who’sresponsible?Actually,it’smorelike,Whatisresponsible?TheInternet,ofcourse,andeverythingthatcomeswithit—Facebook,Twitter(微博).Youcanwriteyourownlist.

There’sbeenawarningabouttheimminentdeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtospelldoomforthewrittenworld.Nonedid.Readingsurvived;infactitnotonlysurvived,ithasflourished.Theworldismoreliteratethaneverbefore—therearemoreandmorereaders,andmoreandmorebooks.

Thefactthatweoftengetourreadingmaterialonlinetodayisnotsomethingweshouldworryover.Theelectronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshasarguablyshownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.Takethearrivalofe-bookreadersasanexample.DeviceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.

Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwritingpossible,newwaysofreadingarepossible.Interconnectivityallowsforthepossibilityofareadingexperiencethatwasbarelyimaginablebefore.Wheretraditionalbookshadtomakedowithphotographsandillustrations,ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimitednumberoflinks:totexts,pictures,andvideos,inthefuture,thewaypeoplewritenovels,history,andphilosophywillresemblenothingseeninthepast.

Ontheotherhand,thereisthedangeroftrivialization.OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowerssingle-sentence-long“digests”ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshouldfearthefragmentationofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.

Insuchafast-changingworld,inwhichrealityseemstoberemadeeachday,weneedtheabilitytofocusandunderstandwhatishappeningtous.Thishasalwaysbeenthefunctionofliteratureandweshouldbecarefulnottoletitdisappear.Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmodemtechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.

Inthe15thcentury,JohannesGuttenberg’sinventionoftheprintingpressinEuropehadahugeimpactoncivilization.Onceuponatimethephysicalbookwasachallengingthing.Weshouldrememberthisbeforeweassumethattechnologyisouttodestroytraditionalculture.

1.Whichofthefollowingparagraphsbrieflyreviewsthehistoricalchallengesforreading?

2.Thefollowingareallcitedasadvantagesofe-booksEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbebesttodescribehowtheauthorfeelstowardsingle-sentence-longnovels?

4.Accordingtothepassage,peopleneedknowledgeofmoderntechnologyand（）tosurviveinthefast-changingsociety.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ParagraphOne

B.ParagraphTwo

C.ParagraphThree

D.ParagraphFour

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.multimodalcontent

B.environmentalfriendliness

C.convenienceforreaders

D.imaginativedesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ironic

B.Worried

C.Sarcastic

D.Doubtful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.goodjudgment

B.highsensitivity

C.goodimagination

D.theabilitytofocus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technologypushesthewayforwardforreadingandwriting

B.Interconnectivityisafeatureofnewreadingexperience

C.Technologyisanopportunityandachallengefortraditionalreading

D.Technologyoffersagreatervarietyofreadingpractice

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.段落大意題。題干：哪一個(gè)段落簡(jiǎn)要回顧了閱讀的歷史挑戰(zhàn)？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞historicalchallengesforreading定位至第二段第1-2句There’sbeenawarningabouttheimminentdeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtospelldoomforthewrittenworld.（很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，一直有關(guān)于文化文明即將滅亡的警告。在20世紀(jì)，首先是電影，然后是廣播，然后是電視，似乎預(yù)示著文字世界的毀滅。），第一句話表明本段將會(huì)回顧閱讀在以前的歷史時(shí)期經(jīng)歷過(guò)的挑戰(zhàn)，第二句話就說(shuō)明了曾經(jīng)有來(lái)自于哪幾方面的挑戰(zhàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)“第二段”，是本題的正確答案；文章第一段講的是當(dāng)今閱讀面臨衰退的危機(jī)及原因；第三段講我們其實(shí)無(wú)需對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展過(guò)慮；第四段的中心是現(xiàn)代科技帶給閱讀的好處，所以都應(yīng)排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下都被認(rèn)為是電子書的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，除了_______。由題干定位到文章第三段最后一句話DeviceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.（像Kindle這樣的閱讀設(shè)備比傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)書更方便，也更環(huán)保），所以B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境友好”和C選項(xiàng)“方便讀者”，符合題意；第四段第三句指出ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimitednumberoflinks:totexts,pictures,andvideos（電子書可以為讀者提供無(wú)限數(shù)量的鏈接:文本、圖片和視頻），可見(jiàn)電子圖書的內(nèi)容豐富形式多樣，A選項(xiàng)“多模式的內(nèi)容”是對(duì)該句中提及優(yōu)勢(shì)的概括，所以A選項(xiàng)也符合題意；第四段的第二句話Interconnectivityallowsforthepossibilityofareadingexperiencethatwasbarelyimaginablebefore.（互聯(lián)性使閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)成為可能，這是以前幾乎無(wú)法想象的。），是說(shuō)閱讀經(jīng)歷是從前無(wú)法想象的，而不是電子圖書的設(shè)計(jì)具有想象力，故D選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的設(shè)計(jì)”，屬于曲解文章意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能最好地描述作者對(duì)單句小說(shuō)的感覺(jué)？由題干的關(guān)鍵詞“single-sentence-long”定位至第五段。該段首句作者就指出thereisthedangeroftrivialization（有一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是閱讀的淺薄化），并在該段最后一句中指出Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.（目前存在的危險(xiǎn)是：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的高速連接會(huì)減少我們注意力的持續(xù)時(shí)間，結(jié)果是我們不能夠閱讀長(zhǎng)篇論著，或是閱讀需要高度集中注意力的書籍。），這些均表明了作者的擔(dān)心，故B選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心的”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”，C選項(xiàng)“挖苦的”和D選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”，根據(jù)文義，作者并無(wú)諷刺，懷疑的意思，排除A、C、D選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，人們需要現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和_______的知識(shí)來(lái)在快速變化的社會(huì)中生存。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmodemtechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.（我們的社會(huì)需要能夠想象出這樣一種可能性：一個(gè)人與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)完全合拍，但又能夠理解一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的、令人困惑的世界。），可知knowledgeofmoderntechnology對(duì)應(yīng)intunewithmoderntechnology，而makesenseofadynamic，confusingworld則對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“良好的判斷力”，故A選項(xiàng)為答案。B選項(xiàng)“高度敏感性”，C選項(xiàng)“豐富的想象力”和D選項(xiàng)“集中注意力的能力”與原句中makesenseof的意思相距甚遠(yuǎn)，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？本文開(kāi)篇提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)對(duì)閱讀造成的影響。之后回顧了過(guò)去科技的發(fā)展曾經(jīng)對(duì)閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅，接著講到閱讀的新趨勢(shì)和方式。第五段說(shuō)明科技的發(fā)展對(duì)閱讀所造成的具體影響。第六段提到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中需要什么樣的人——既適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展,又理解現(xiàn)在的變化。末段提到閱讀本身也曾經(jīng)是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，引發(fā)人們思考如何應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技對(duì)閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅。雖然文章沒(méi)有明確提出中心思想，首段還提到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)造成了閱讀人數(shù)的下降，但隨后各部分內(nèi)容并沒(méi)有對(duì)科技發(fā)展做出否定，而是為人們指明了正確的方向和途徑，尤其末段說(shuō)明了事物的兩面性，C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)閱讀來(lái)說(shuō)既是機(jī)遇，也是挑戰(zhàn)”，很好地概括了文章的主旨大意，故為正確答案。由第三段第二句Theelectronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshasarguablyshownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.（過(guò)去二十年的電子和數(shù)字革命可以說(shuō)為閱讀和寫作指明了前進(jìn)的道路。），可知A選項(xiàng)“科技推動(dòng)了閱讀和寫作的發(fā)展”是該段內(nèi)容，而非全文中心意思，故排除；B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)性是新閱讀體驗(yàn)的特征”是對(duì)第四段第二句的解釋，屬于細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，故排除；D選項(xiàng)“科技提供了更多種類的閱讀實(shí)踐”是對(duì)第四段第三句的概括，與主旨無(wú)關(guān)，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate（）_.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bore

B.bored

C.boredom

D.bordom

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A、B、C個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于同根詞?？崭袂笆莄reate動(dòng)詞，因此應(yīng)填入名詞。bore“孔；令人討厭的人”；bored“無(wú)聊的；煩擾”，沒(méi)有名詞用法；boredom“厭倦；令人厭煩的事物”；bordom屬于錯(cuò)詞。句意：電子技術(shù)的影響最初是給人帶來(lái)焦慮?，F(xiàn)在它似乎在制造……。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

HispastaffectionforJane（）anynewrelationshipimpossibleforhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resented

B.rendered

C.repelled

D.resorted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。resent厭惡，憎恨；render致使，提出；repel擊退，抵制；resort求助，訴諸。句意：他過(guò)去對(duì)Jane的感情致使他無(wú)法開(kāi)始一段新戀情。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.laden

C.radical

D.medieval

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有根本的區(qū)別。故選C。

12.單選題

Theglobaleconomyisinitsworstdownturnsincethe1930s.WTOeconomistsforeseeabumpyyearahead.Theirforecastfor2020estimatesthatthevolumeofglobalmerchandisetradewilltumblebybetween13and32percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.Thedepthofthefallwilldependontwomainfactors:one,howlongittakestobringthepandemicundercontrol;andtwo,thepoliciesgovernmentsimplement-domesticallyandattheinternationallevel-tomitigateitseconomicconsequences.

Thisunderscoreswhyinternationalcooperationtokeepglobalmarketsopenforgoodsandservicesismoreimportantthanever.AstheworldfightstheCOVID-19pandemic,maintainingopensupplylineswillfacilitateaccesstomedicalproductsandfood.Restrictingtradeanddisruptingestablishedsupplychainswillmakeithardertorampupthemanufactureofmuch-neededprotectiveequipment,testingkits,ventilatorsandotheressentials.Inthelongerrun,aturntowardsprotectionismwillslowdowntheglobaleconomicrecovery,tothedetrimentofallcountries,mostdamaginglyforthepoorest.

Whethertosafeguardpublichealthortoreviveeconomicactivity,itisonlythroughcollectiveactionthatwecanrespondeffectivelytotheCOVID-19crisis.Itisessentialthatgovernmentsandinternationalorganizationsworktogether.TheWTOi