考研考博-英語(yǔ)-棗莊學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-棗莊學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe（）so,theshopcouldhavesentit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotneedtodo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustnothavedone

D.couldn’thavedone

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)didnotneedtodo“（過(guò)去）沒(méi)必要/不需要做這事”，B選項(xiàng)needn'thavedone，need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞就完成時(shí)表示“本來(lái)無(wú)必要做這事（卻做了）”，C選項(xiàng)mustnothavedone“禁止這樣做”；mustnot表示禁止，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬，一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)couldn’thavedone“不能做這事(但做了)，”句意：他自己把包裹帶回家，但他_______，商店可以把包裹寄給他。句子表達(dá)的意思是商店可以把包裹寄給他，所以他過(guò)去沒(méi)必要自己搬回包裹，表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做，但是做了的事情，所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raillery“逗趣；開(kāi)玩笑”；B選項(xiàng)noisome“惡臭的；有害的”；C選項(xiàng)supine“仰臥的；懶得動(dòng)的；向后靠的”；D選項(xiàng)liturgy“禮拜儀式；圣餐儀式；禱告文”。句意：縈繞在污水管周圍的惡臭的空氣足以使任何人窒息。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,（

）IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)andthen“于是，然后”;C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”;D選項(xiàng)evenso“雖然如此，即使如此”。根據(jù)句意‘當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我應(yīng)該是在學(xué)校，……在和朋友度假?！瘧?yīng)該是表示選擇，所以A選項(xiàng)orelse“否則,要不然”符合邏輯，正確。

4.單選題

Researchershavedoneextensivestudiesofhowwellchildren____theirteachers’instructions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complywith

B.understand

C.tease

D.ignore

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.complywith照做；遵守B.understand理解

C.tease取笑；戲弄D.ignore忽視

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】句意：研究人員對(duì)于孩子們?cè)诙啻蟪潭壬蟔___老師的指令做了大量的研究?？崭裉幩钤~的主語(yǔ)為“孩子們”，賓語(yǔ)為“老師的指令”，A選項(xiàng)complywith“照做；遵守”符合前后邏輯，指孩子們遵從老師的指令。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)understand“理解”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)tease“取笑；戲弄”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)ignore“忽視”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義邏輯。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory.(21)（）evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)（）fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)（）“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury(24)（）stealingsalt.

Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)（）thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)（）ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)（）colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenfromminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)（）commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush.”Yet,(29)（）itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)（）inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ancient

B.Historic

C.Historical

D.Old

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.salt

B.salted

C.salting

D.salty

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.arrested

B.caught

C.got

D.seized

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.by

C.for

D.through

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.besides

B.beyond

C.except

D.over

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.bearing

B.developing

C.growing

D.training

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.fasten

B.fix

C.preserve

D.tie

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.many

C.much

D.more

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.whatever

C.whenever

D.wherever

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.duty

B.function

C.responsibility

D.role

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:D

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查上下文和詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)ancient“古代的”，B項(xiàng)historic“有歷史意義的”，C項(xiàng)historical“歷史的”，D項(xiàng)old“老的”。上文提到ithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory（鹽的使用方式在歷史上有很多種），那么接下來(lái)的空格根據(jù)文章邏輯可知是表示“歷史證明”，historicalevidence表示“歷史證明，史實(shí)”。故該題選C。

22.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)salt“含鹽的”，B項(xiàng)salted“用鹽腌漬的，用鹽調(diào)味的”，C項(xiàng)salting是salt的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，D項(xiàng)salty“咸的；含鹽的”。根據(jù)句子peoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate…fish（生活在三千多年前的人們吃……魚），結(jié)合上文提到了鹽，可知空格是表示“咸魚，腌魚”；saltedfish表示“咸魚，腌魚”。故該題選B。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕”，指根據(jù)法律或命令進(jìn)行逮捕并予以監(jiān)禁或拘留；B項(xiàng)catch“抓住”，指捉住跑動(dòng)或隱藏中的人或動(dòng)物，一般指活捉；C項(xiàng)get“得到”；D項(xiàng)seize“奪取，逮捕”，側(cè)重指以突然、有力地動(dòng)作迅速抓住或捉住。根據(jù)句子ifapersonwas...“stealingsalt”（如果一個(gè)人被……偷鹽），可知空格是表示“抓住”；故該題選B。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)as“作為”，B項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”，C項(xiàng)for“為，因?yàn)椤?；D項(xiàng)through“通過(guò)”。根據(jù)句子Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury…stealingsalt.（歷史表明，在那個(gè)世紀(jì)大約有一萬(wàn)人被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄……偷鹽。），可知空格是表示原因；故該題選C。

25.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)besides“除了……還有，另外”，B項(xiàng)beyond“超過(guò)”，C項(xiàng)except“除外”；D項(xiàng)over“完全覆蓋，翻轉(zhuǎn)”。根據(jù)句子Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses…thediningtable.（在現(xiàn)代，……餐桌上，鹽還有許多用途），結(jié)合后文可知空格是表示“除了”；故該題選A。

26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)bearing“承載，忍受”，B項(xiàng)developing“發(fā)展”，C項(xiàng)growing“成長(zhǎng)”；D項(xiàng)training“訓(xùn)練”。根據(jù)空格處后面的crops（莊稼，農(nóng)作物）可知，空格表達(dá)的是“莊稼的種植”；故該題選C。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fasten“使固定”，B項(xiàng)fix“維修”，C項(xiàng)preserve“保存，維持”；D項(xiàng)tie“系牢，打結(jié)”。根據(jù)句子Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto…colorsincloth（它也被軟化水，融化道路和高速公路上的冰，制造肥皂，以及……給布料的顏色）可知，空格表達(dá)的是“保持顏色”；故該題選C。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)little“少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，B項(xiàng)many“許多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，C項(xiàng)much“許多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；D項(xiàng)more“更多”，多用于比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空格處前面oneofthe…可知，如果空格處是最高級(jí)，應(yīng)該是oneofthemost…，more是比較級(jí)，沒(méi)有oneofthemore…這個(gè)用法，因此D項(xiàng)排除。little和much都是修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但是空格處后面是processes，所以A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)也排除。句意：從海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸發(fā)鹽水是制造鹽的許多常見(jiàn)過(guò)程之一。故該題選B。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)however“然而”，B項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”，C項(xiàng)whenever“無(wú)論何時(shí)”，D項(xiàng)wherever“無(wú)論哪里”。根據(jù)句子Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthemuchcommonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.（從海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸發(fā)鹽水是制造鹽的許多常見(jiàn)過(guò)程之一。在澳大利亞，它甚至可以取自“鹽性灌木”。），結(jié)合前面提到的能夠提取鹽的地方，可知空格處應(yīng)該是表示“無(wú)論在哪里獲得鹽”；故該題選D。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)duty“責(zé)任”，B項(xiàng)function“功能”，C項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”，D項(xiàng)role“角色”，固定搭配playarolein表示“在……起作用”；句意：然而，無(wú)論在哪里獲得鹽，鹽將繼續(xù)在人們的生活中發(fā)揮重要作用。故該題選D。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ourignoranceabouttheunderlyingtruthofhumannaturehasnotbeenforwantoftrying.Philosopherstookupthequestionasoneoftheveryfirstthathumansystematicallyaskedaboutthemselves.ButphilosophersproducedanswersasvariousasAristotle’sandRousseau’s.Sincethelate1900s,behavioralandsocialscientiststoohavetriedtounderstandhumannature.Butwhiletheyhaveilluminatedmanyusefulbitsandpieces,theyhavefailedassystem-builders.WhatisleftofFreud’stheories,outofthebeliefsthatweresointellectuallypervasiveinmid-century?Psychotherapyremains,inabundantvariety,butonlyremnantsofFreudianism.WhatisleftofB.F.Skinner?Behaviorismisstillaproductivebranchofpsychology,buttheSkinnerianVisionofhumannaturethatonceseemedsocompellingisdead.

Howcanwehaveexpendedsomuchofourcollectivegeniusonunderstandinghumannatureandstillknowsolittleforcertain?Becauseupuntilnow,wehavebeenabletoobserveonlybehavior.Peoplecanholdverydifferentviewsofhumannaturebecauseweobserveinthehumanbeing,inabundance,everysortofbehavior.Ortoputitstatistically,humannaturedoesnotconsistofuniversalhumancharacteristicsbutofdistributions.Ismankindaltruisticorselfish?Fromeverydayexperience,weknowthatsomepeoplebehaveselfishlyandsomebehavealtruistically.Theimplicationsofadistributioninwhich,forexample,theaveragevalueis“fairlyselfish”areverydifferentfromtheimplicationsofabellcurveinwhichtheaveragevalueis“fairlyaltruistic”.Theimplicationsofacurvethatisnarrowandsteep(meaningthatalmostallhumanbeingsareveryclosetothemedianvalue)areverydifferentfromthoseofashapethatiswideandshort(meaningthathumannatureforthischaracteristicisalloverthemap).

Theproblemisthat,whilescientistscanmeasuretheobservedshapeofthesebehaviors,theyhavebeenstymiedbythenature/nurtureproblem.Thisisnottosaythatweknownothing.Justasgeologistsknowalotabouttheprobabilityoffindingoilbasedonrockformationsonthesurface,psychologistshavelearnedtoinferalotabouttheheritabilityofobservedtraits.Butinbothcases,theobserverisdealingwithoutcroppingsandprobabilities,whiletheexact,inarguabletruthlieshidden.

1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatFreud’stheories______.

2.Theword“pervasive”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatpeopleareabletoholdvaryingviewsofhumannaturebecause______.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...humannatureforthischaracteristicisalloverthemap”(paragraph2)?

5.Whichofthefollowingisinaccordancewiththepointofviewpresentedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arelessinfluentialthantheyoncewere

B.providekeyinsightintothehumanpsyche

C.havebecomemorepopularastheyearshavegoneby

D.providethefoundationforallpsychotherapy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.persuasive

B.widespread

C.misunderstood

D.ridiculous

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.notenoughresearchhasbeendone

B.bynature,humanstendtodisagree

C.nooneknowsforsurehowtodrawconclusionsfrombehavioralpatterns

D.humanexhibitallsortsofdifferentkindsofbehaviors

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Humannatureisimpossibletodefine.

B.Humansexhibitawidevarietyofvaluesforthisparticularcharacteristic.

C.Peoplewiththischaracteristicaredistributedoverawidegeographicalarea.

D.Valuescanvarydependingonlocation.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimpossibletoknowthetruthabouthumannature.

B.Aftercenturiesofinvestigation,westillknownothingabouthumannature.

C.Despiteourefforts,thereisstillmuchwedon’tknowabouthumannature.

D.Wemustnotgiveupinoureffortstounderstandhumannature.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatFreud’stheories______.1.從文章中可以推斷出，弗洛伊德的理論______。

A.arelessinfluentialthantheyoncewereA.影響力不如從前

B.providekeyinsightintothehumanpsycheB.提供對(duì)人類心理的關(guān)鍵洞察

C.havebecomemorepopularastheyearshavegonebyC.隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得越來(lái)越受歡迎

D.providethefoundationforallpsychotherapyD.為所有的心理治療提供基礎(chǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段六、七句“……弗洛伊德的理論還剩下些什么呢？心理療法仍然存在，雖然種類繁多，但只是弗洛伊德理論的殘余（butonlyremnantsofFreudianism）?！笨芍?，弗洛伊德的心理療法即便存在，但也不足以揭示人性內(nèi)在真相，從而可推斷，弗洛伊德的理論影響力不如以前，A項(xiàng)“影響力不如從前”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“提供對(duì)人類心理的關(guān)鍵洞察”，弗洛伊德對(duì)心理的洞察，只是一些殘余，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得越來(lái)越受歡迎”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文表述相反，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“為所有的心理治療提供基礎(chǔ)”沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“pervasive”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.2.第一段中的“pervasive”這個(gè)詞很可能意味著______。

A.persuasiveA.有說(shuō)服力的

B.widespreadB.普遍的

C.misunderstoodC.誤解的

D.ridiculousD.可笑的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pervasive定位至第一段第六句“在上世紀(jì)中葉pervasive的思想信仰中（outofthebeliefsthatweresointellectuallypervasiveinmid-century），弗洛伊德的理論還剩下些什么呢？”，可知pervasive是用來(lái)形容弗洛伊德理論，其中提到了一個(gè)時(shí)間mid-century（上世紀(jì)中葉），根據(jù)歷史常識(shí)可推知，上世紀(jì)中葉，弗洛伊德理論是盛行的，且下文“心理療法仍然存在，雖然種類繁多，但只是弗洛伊德主義的殘余”也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)，自20世紀(jì)后期以來(lái)，弗洛伊德理論只剩下一些殘余，與上世紀(jì)中葉形成鮮明對(duì)比，故pervasive的意思是“普遍的，盛行的”的意思，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“普遍的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“有說(shuō)服力的”、C項(xiàng)“誤解的”和D項(xiàng)“可笑的”沒(méi)有信息可以推斷，這三項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatpeopleareabletoholdvaryingviewsofhumannaturebecause______.3.作者建議人們能夠?qū)θ诵猿钟胁煌挠^點(diǎn)，因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.notenoughresearchhasbeendoneA.沒(méi)有做足夠的研究

B.bynature,humanstendtodisagreeB.出于天性，人類傾向于分歧

C.nooneknowsforsurehowtodrawconclusionsfrombehavioralpatternsC.沒(méi)有人確切知道如何從行為模式中得出結(jié)論

D.humanexhibitallsortsofdifferentkindsofbehaviorsD.人類表現(xiàn)出各種不同的行為

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第三句“人們可以對(duì)人性持有非常不同的看法，因?yàn)槲覀兇罅康赜^察到人類的各種行為”理解可知，作者建議人們能夠?qū)θ诵猿钟胁煌挠^點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槿祟惐憩F(xiàn)出各種行為，D項(xiàng)“人類表現(xiàn)出各種不同的行為”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有做足夠的研究”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“因?yàn)榈侥壳盀橹?，我們只能觀察到行為”可知，人們能夠?qū)θ诵猿钟胁煌挠^點(diǎn)不是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的研究，而是只能觀察到行為，且行為表現(xiàn)不同，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“出于天性，人類傾向于分歧”和C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人確切知道如何從行為模式中得出結(jié)論”沒(méi)有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...humannatureforthischaracteristicisalloverthemap”(paragraph2)?4.作者在第二段說(shuō)“……這種特征的人性遍布地圖”是什么意思？

A.Humannatureisimpossibletodefine.A.人性是無(wú)法定義的。

B.Humansexhibitawidevarietyofvaluesforthisparticularcharacteristic.B.對(duì)于這一特殊的特性，人類表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的價(jià)值觀。

C.Peoplewiththischaracteristicaredistributedoverawidegeographicalarea.C.具有這種特征的人分布在廣闊的地理區(qū)域。

D.Valuescanvarydependingonlocation.D.值可以根據(jù)位置而變化。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“窄而陡峭的曲線（意味著幾乎所有人都非常接近中值）的含義與寬而短的曲線（這意味著這種特征的人性遍布地圖）的含義非常不同”，結(jié)合第四句“或者從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上講，人性不是由普遍的人類特征組成的，而是由分布組成的”可知，此處是把人性的特征分布比喻成一條曲線，寬而短的曲線意味著具備這種特征的人分布廣，也就是說(shuō)alloverthemap在這的含義指的是“遍布廣闊的地理區(qū)域”，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)“具有這種特征的人分布在廣闊的地理區(qū)域”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“人性是無(wú)法定義的”、B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于這一特殊的特性，人類表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的值”和D項(xiàng)“值可以根據(jù)位置而變化”在原文沒(méi)有根據(jù)，這三項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichofthefollowingisinaccordancewiththepointofviewpresentedinthepassage?5.下面哪一項(xiàng)與文章中提出的觀點(diǎn)一致？

A.Itisimpossibletoknowthetruthabouthumannature.A.要了解人性的真相是不可能的。

B.Aftercenturiesofinvestigation,westillknownothingabouthumannature.B.經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的調(diào)查，我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)人性一無(wú)所知。

C.Despiteourefforts,thereisstillmuchwedon’tknowabouthumannature.C.盡管我們做出了努力，但我們對(duì)人性仍有很多不了解的地方。

D.Wemustnotgiveupinoureffortstounderstandhumannature.D.我們決不能放棄了解人性的努力。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“我們花了這么多的集體智慧去理解人性，卻仍然對(duì)其知之甚少”，以及最后一段的內(nèi)容“問(wèn)題是，雖然科學(xué)家可以測(cè)量觀察到的這些行為的形狀，但他們已經(jīng)被先天/后天的問(wèn)題所阻礙。這并不是說(shuō)我們一無(wú)所知。就像地質(zhì)學(xué)家知道很多根據(jù)地表巖層找到石油的可能性一樣，心理學(xué)家也學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)觀察到的特征的遺傳力進(jìn)行推斷。但在這兩種情況下，觀察者面對(duì)的都是表面和可能性，而確切的、不容置疑的真相卻被隱藏起來(lái)?！笨芍?，對(duì)于人性的探索，人們做了很多的努力，但是對(duì)于人性的真相還是知之甚少，但也不是一無(wú)所知，也就是說(shuō)盡管做了很多努力，但是我們對(duì)人性還有很多沒(méi)有了解到的，所以C項(xiàng)“盡管我們做出了努力，但我們對(duì)人性仍有很多不了解的地方”與文章中提出的觀點(diǎn)一致。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“要了解人性的真相是不可能的”表述太絕對(duì)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的調(diào)查，我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)人性一無(wú)所知”，我們并不是一無(wú)所知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“我們決不能放棄了解人性的努力”文中沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

7.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Restrainthemselvesfromhigh-riskinvestments.

B.Saveone-fifthoftheirnetmonthlyincome.

C.Investshrewdlyinlucrativebusinesses.

D.Trytoearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Startbydoingsomethingsmall.

B.Askaclosefriendforadvice.

C.Trytosticktotheirinitialplan.

D.Cut20%oftheirdailyspending.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anoptimisticattitude.

B.Anambitiousplan.

C.Apropermindset.

D.Akeeninterest.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】PassageOne

Toachievefinancialsecurity,howmuchyousaveisalwaysmoreimportantthantheamountyouearnorhowshrewdlyyouinvest.[9]Ifyou’reunder30yearsold,yourgoalshouldbetosave20%ofyourmonthlyincomeaftertaxdeductions.Thisisirrespectiveofhowmuchyouearn.Approximately50%shouldbereservedforessentialslikefoodandaccommodation.Theremaining30%isforrecreationandentertainment.Butformanyyoungpeople,it’llbedifficulttodesignatesuchalargeproportionoftheirincomeforsavings.[10]Ifyoufindithardtosaveanymoneyatall,startbycuttingallunnecessaryspending.Allocateatinyamountofoneortwopercentforsavingsandgraduallyincreasethatamount.Alwayskeepthat20%goalinmindtopreventyourselffrombecomingcomplacent.Itcanbechallengingtosticktosuchastrictplan.[11]Butifyouadopttherightmindset,youshouldbeabletomakeitworkforyou.Sowhatshouldyoubedoingwiththemoneythatyou’resaving?Somemustbekepteasilyaccessibleincaseyouneedsomecashinanemergency.Thelargestproportionshouldbeinvestedinretirementplanseitherthroughyouremployerorprivately.Andyoucankeepsomemoneyforhighriskbutpotentiallylucrativeinvestments.Dividendscanbereinvestedorusedtopurchasesomethingyoulike.Byfollowingthisplan,youshouldhopefullybeabletoenjoyyourlifenowandstillbefinanciallysecureinthefuture.

9.Whatarepeopleunderthirtyadvisedtodotoachievefinancialsecurity?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)30歲以下的人要做些什么來(lái)獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障？錄音開(kāi)頭提到，如果你不到30歲，你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是在扣除每月收入的稅款后，將其中的20%存起來(lái)，B選項(xiàng)“把每月凈收入的五分之一存起來(lái)”，其中one-fifth是對(duì)錄音中20%的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“避免高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資”，錄音中說(shuō)的是，你可以存一些錢用于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)但可能有高回報(bào)的投資，選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“精明地投資利潤(rùn)豐厚的企業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“努力賺盡可能多的錢”，錄音開(kāi)頭就提到，為獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障，存錢比賺錢和投資更加重要，因此均可排除。

10.Whatshouldpeopledoiftheyfinditdifficulttofollowthespeaker’sadviceontheirfinancialplan?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于說(shuō)話者提供的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃建議，如果人們很難去執(zhí)行，那么他們應(yīng)該做什么？錄音中提到，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)存錢很難，那就從削減所有不必要的開(kāi)支開(kāi)始，A選項(xiàng)“從小事做起”與原文表述最為相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“向親密的朋友尋求建議”和C選項(xiàng)“盡力堅(jiān)持他們最初的計(jì)劃”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除；D項(xiàng)“削減20%的日常開(kāi)支”，錄音中說(shuō)的是削減不必要的開(kāi)支，選項(xiàng)意思與錄音表述不符，因此不正確。

11.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisimportantforachievingfinancialsecurity?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為什么對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障很重要？錄音中提到，如果你采取了正確的心態(tài)（adopttherightmindset），那么如此嚴(yán)格的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃就能發(fā)揮作用，也就是能夠幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障，因此C選項(xiàng)“恰當(dāng)?shù)男膽B(tài)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一種樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度”；B選項(xiàng)“一份雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃”和D選項(xiàng)“一種濃厚的興趣”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除。

8.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

9.單選題

Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do,andhasneverhaditsogood.

Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticaldatarevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoffstreetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcars,andparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionhasbecomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironment,andstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“l(fā)andvalue”.Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrowth.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersections,which,inturn,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytore-planthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”O(jiān)neoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocess.Ifwewanttoplaneffectively,wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown.Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.Manwillhavetosetthetarget,and,usingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill,takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

27.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan______.

28.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity______.

29.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay______.

30.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocrat

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.（現(xiàn)代城市對(duì)人類的悲劇性影響扼殺了人的審美意識(shí)。），說(shuō)明過(guò)去的人是擁有審美意識(shí)的，但是被現(xiàn)代城市扼殺了。因此B選項(xiàng)“有較強(qiáng)的審美意識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比較注重物質(zhì)利益”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科技的發(fā)展有更大的愿望”，D選項(xiàng)“享有更多的自由和民主”，由原文可知，這是現(xiàn)代人的特點(diǎn)，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.（富裕社會(huì)的物質(zhì)利益將人的注意力從城市及其文化潛力轉(zhuǎn)移到了科技