世紀商務英語閱讀第四版基礎篇Unit8課件

CENTURYBUSINESSENGLISHdutpgz大連理工大學出版社閱讀教程（基礎篇2）（第四版）世紀商務英語

主編：王洗薇CENTURYBUSINESSENGLISHdutpgzUnit8

BusinessConferencedutpgz大連理工大學出版社Unit8dutpgz大連理工大學出版社Whateveryourpositioninyourorganization,youwillundoubtedlyparticipateinandevenleadmeetingsinyourorganization.ThemostproductivemeetingsstatedinTextAstartontime,endontime,andaccomplishtheiragenda.Atameeting,youmayhavetodealwithdifferentcharactersanalyzedinTextBtoachievehighefficiency.Toconducteffectivemeetingsultimately,PracticalReadinggiveshintsonpresidingoverorparticipatinginameeting.Besides,youaregoingtolearnanewreadingtechniqueonhowtorecognizethewriter’sattitudewhichwillinfluencethewaysofideasorinformationbeingpresentedintexts.WhateveryourpositioninyourReadingSkillFocusWordsandExpressionsPracticalReadingComprehensiveReadingReadingSkillFocusWordsandERecognizingtheWriter’sAttitudeWritersarenotnecessarilyneutralorobjectivewhentheywrite,particularlyiftheyaretryingtopersuadereaderstoagreewiththeiropinions.Itisveryimportanttowatchfortheattitudeofthewritertowardthesubjectdiscussedinwriting.Thisisbecausesuchattitudescaninfluencethewaysoftheideasorinformationbeingpresentedinthetext.Thewriter’sattitude—feelingsorbeliefsaboutthesubject—ispartofthetotalmeaning,eventhoughitisstatedinjustafewwordsornotstatedatall.Ifitisnotstated,thereadermust“readbetweenthelines”todigitout.ReadingSkillFocusRecognizingtheWriter’sAttitThewritermayrevealhisapprovalordisapprovalofsomethingbycarefullyselectingandarrangingwordstocreatedesiredeffects.Attitudesarereflectedintone.Ifaperson’sattitudeisoneofbitterness,histonewillbebitterorsarcastic(譏諷的,諷刺的).Ifheunderstandsasituation,hisattitudewillreflectunderstanding,pity,orsympathy.ThewritermayrevealhisapprDifferentTypesofAttitudeDifferentTypesofAttitudeSample1IhadsupposedthatnoonewouldeverproduceabookonthissubjectwithwhichIwouldfindmyselfincompleteagreement;butProfessorSmithhasnowdonetheimpossible.在閱讀過程中，注意識別作者對文中討論的問題所持的態(tài)度，如贊同、反對、理解和同情等，對于正確理解文章至關重要。從本段的字里行間，如“findmyselfincompleteagreement”和“donetheimpossible”可見作者所持的態(tài)度是贊同的。A．GuidedPracticeSample1A．GuidedPracticeSample2ThereislittleinProfessorSmith’slatestbookthatisnew,andthereismuchthatrecentscientificstudieshaveshowntobeuntrue.根據(jù)句中“Thereislittle...thatisnew”和“tobeuntrue”可得知，作者所持的態(tài)度是不贊同的。Sample2TheentirestateofLouisianaiswithinadamp,subtropicalzone.Theaverageannualtemperatureofthestateis67degreesFahrenheit,andmonthlymeantemperaturesvaryfrom52degreesinJanuaryandDecemberto82degreesinJulyandAugust.Thelengthofthegrowingseasonisusuallybetween220and250daysinthenorthernhalfofthestate,andbetween250and275daysinthesouthernhalf.TheentirestateofLouisianaSample3Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwill.Forothers,itissupposedtobeatimewhenweperformactsofkindnessforpeoplelessunfortunatethanourselves.But,dowethinkofotherpeoplewhenwesitdowntoourChristmasdinner?Ofcoursenot.We’retoobusyeatingthosedeliciousfoodsassociatedwithChristmas.Wearetoobusywonderingwhetherthepresentswegavewerebetterthantheoneswereceived.Weforgettothinkofthesickandthehomeless.ThewholeideaofChristmasnowiscompletelyunchristian.這段文字中，帶有主觀意義的詞語，如“issupposedtobe”，“but”，“ofcoursenot”，“toobusyeating”，“completelyunchristian”等，透出了作者對現(xiàn)在人們過圣誕節(jié)的方式持反對態(tài)度。Sample3B.ChallengeYourselfReadthefollowingparagraphsandseeifyoucanrecognizethewriter’sattitudetowardhistopic,andthenfinishtheexercisesthatfollow.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadneglectedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.B.ChallengeYourselfTheteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.Theauthor’sattitudetowardwhattheteacherdidis________.approvingB.positiveC.criticalD.indifferent答案CTheteacherwasnotwrongtodChallenge2Figurescanbedeceiving.Forexample,TimesmagazinerecentlyreportedthattheaverageYalegraduateoftheclassof1944wasmaking$35,111ayear.Well,goodforthem!Butwhatexactlydoesthatfiguremean?IsitproofthatifyousendyourchildtoYaleyouwon’thavetoworkinyouroldageandneitherwillhe?Whatkindofsampleisitbasedon?YoucouldputoneTexasoilmanwithtwohundredhungrywritersandreporttheiraverageincomeas$35,111ayear.Thefigureisexact,butithasnomeaning.Inwayssimilartothis,thefactsandfigurespourfortheveryday.Theyareusedtopointoutthetruth,wheninfacttheyinflate,confuse,andover-simplifythetruth.Theresultis“numbernonsense”.Challenge2

Theauthor’scomment,“Well,goodforthem!”asaresponsetotheaverageyearlysalaryofaYalegraduateismeanttoshow________.humorB.disagreementC.praiseD.indifference答案BTheauthor’scomment,“Well,g

2.Inthisselectiontheauthorusestoneto________.bescientificallyobjectiveB.createsympathyforwritersC.condemnYalegraduatesD.rejectthetheoryofaverages答案D2.Inthisselectiontheauth

3.Thetoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas________.scientificB.sentimentalC.ConcernedD.impersonal答案C3.ThetoneinthispassagecNursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible.Ifwearetosolvethenursingshortage,hospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael’sexample.AtBethIsraelhospitaleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Thenshewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient’sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.NursingatBethIsraelHospita

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthenursingsystematBethIsraelHospitalis_______.NegativeB.neutralC.criticalD.positive答案DTheauthor’sattitudetowardsGettingtheMostofMeetings1Oneaspectofbusinesslifewhichmanymanagersareunhappywithistheneedtoattendmeetings.Researchindicatesthatmanagerswillspendbetweenathirdorhalfoftheirworkinglivesinmeetings.譯文讓會議發(fā)揮最大作用1很多經理對商務活動不滿的一點就是開會。調查結果發(fā)現(xiàn)經理三分之一或一半的工作時間都耗費在開會上。ComprehensiveReadingGettingtheMostofMeetings譯文Althoughmostmanagerswouldagreethatitishardtothinkofanalternativetomeetings,asameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions,theirlengthandfrequencycancauseproblemswiththeworkloadofeventhebest-organizedexecutives.譯文盡管大多數(shù)經理都認為很難找到別的方式來取代開會這一交流信息和做出集體決策的方法，但是長時間頻繁的會議給最井井有條的高級經理也造成工作負擔。ComprehensiveReadingAlthoughmostmanagerswouldaMeetingsworkbestiftheytakeplaceonlywhennecessaryandnotasamatterofroutine.Oneexampleofthisisthediscussionofpersonnelorcareermattersbetweenmembersofstaffandtheirlineandpersonnelmanagers.Anotherisduringtheearlystagesofaprojectwhentheteammanagingitneedstolearntounderstandandtrustoneanother.譯文會議只有在必要時，而不是作為例行公事，才能起到最佳的作用。員工與其一線經理和人事部經理之間討論人事或職業(yè)問題的會議就是個例子。再比如項目初期，負責項目管理的團隊成員之間需要相互了解和信任的時候要召開會議。ComprehensiveReadingMeetingsworkbestiftheytak3Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary，decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.Peopleshouldonlybeinvitedtoattendiftheyaredirectlyinvolvedinthemattersunderdiscussionandtheagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.譯文一旦決定有必要開會，就要決定與會者、會議地點和時長。只有與議題直接相關的人才應被邀請，會議議程也應提前發(fā)放。ComprehensiveReading3OnceithasbeendecidedthaAnagendaisvitalbecauseitactsasaroadmaptokeepdiscussionfocusedandwithinthetimelimitallocated.Thisisalsotheresponsibilityofthepersonchairingthemeeting,whoshouldencouragethosewhosaylittletospeakandstopthosewhohaveagreatdealtosayfromtalkingtoomuch.譯文會議議程至關重要，因為它就像一張路線圖，使討論的內容得到關注并在限定的時間內完成議程。這也是會議主持人的責任，他要鼓勵那些較沉默的人多發(fā)言，阻止那些滔滔不絕的人講得過多。ComprehensiveReadingAnagendaisvitalbecauseitAttheendofawell-organizedmeeting,peoplewillfeelthatthemeetinghasbeenasuccessandbepleasedtheywereinvited.Theywillknownotonlywhatdecisionsweremadebutalsothereasonsforthesedecisions.譯文一場組織有序的會議結束時，與會者應感到會議很成功，并因為自己被邀請而感到很高興。他們不僅要知道在會上做出了哪些決策，而且知道做出這些決策的理由。ComprehensiveReadingAttheendofawell-organizedUnfortunately,attheendofabadly-organizedmeetingthosepresentwillleave,feelingthattheyhavewastedtheirtimeandthatnothingworthwhilehasbeenachieved.譯文令人遺憾的是，一場組織得很差的會議結束時，與會者離開時會覺得開會浪費了時間，沒得到任何有意義的結果。ComprehensiveReadingUnfortunately,attheendofaMuchthoughthasbeengivenovertheyearstowaysofkeepingmeetingsshort.OnemanwhohasnointentionofspendinghalfhisworkinglifeinmeetingsisRolandWinterson,chiefexecutiveofalargemanufacturingcompany.Hebelievesthatmeetingsshouldbeshort,sharpandinfrequent.譯文幾年來人們一直在思考縮短開會時間的方法。作為一家大型制造公司總經理的羅蘭德·溫特森不想把一半工作時間花在開會上。他認為會議應該簡短、明確、不要過于頻繁。ComprehensiveReadingMuchthoughthasbeengivenovinfrequent.“Itrytoholdnomorethantwoorthreemeetingsaweek,attendedbyamaximumofthreepeoplefornolongerthanhalfanhour.”hesays.“Theyareclearlyaimedatachievingaspecificobjective,suchasmakingadecisionorplanningastrategy,andarebasedoncarefulpreparation.譯文他說：“我一周召開的會議盡可能不超過兩三次，與會者最多三個人，開會時間不超過半小時。會議有明確特定的目標，比如做出決策或制定策略。會議都經過精心準備。ComprehensiveReadinginfrequent.“ItrytoholdnomIdrawuptheagendaforeverymeetingandcirculateitinadvance;thoseattendingareexpectedtostudyitcarefullyandshouldbepreparedtobothaskandanswerquestions.Managersarebestemployedcarryingouttasksdirectlyconnectedwiththeirjobsnotattendingendlessmeetings.譯文每次會議我都會起草會議日程并提前下發(fā)，與會者要認真研究，并準備提出和回答問題。經理們最大的職責是完成與他們工作有關的任務，而不是參加無休止的會議。ComprehensiveReadingIdrawuptheagendaforeveryInbusiness,timeismoneyandspendingitinneedlessmeetingsthatdon’tachieveanythingcanbeverycostly.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.”譯文商務活動中，時間就是金錢，把時間花在不會取得任何成果的沒有必要開的會議上，其代價是巨大的。管理者應像律師那樣計算每一小時的成本，然后決定參加一次冗長的會議是否的確是利用時間的最好的方式。”ComprehensiveReadingInbusiness,timeismoneyand

1.Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary,decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.Once引導時間狀語從句，thatameetingisnecessary是真正主語，it是形式主語；主句中decisionsneedtobetaken是主干，aboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting短語做定語，修飾decisions.LanguagePoints1.Onceithasbeendecidedt

2.Peopleshouldonlybeinvitedtoattendiftheyaredirectlyinvolvedinthemattersunderdiscussionandtheagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.這是一個并列復合句式結構，第一分句中有一個條件狀語從句，由if引導；第二分句是theagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.involvev.connectcloselyorengageasanparticipant包含，使陷入，牽涉e.g.Givingadviceattherighttimehastoinvolveagreatdealofintelligence.在適當?shù)臅r間提建議需要人的睿智。e.g.Paintingtheroominvolvedmovingoutthepiano.粉刷房間就要把鋼琴搬出去。e.g.Howshouldweinvolveourselvesinschoollife?我們應該怎樣投入學校生活？LanguagePoints2.Peopleshouldonlybeinvi

3.Thisisalsotheresponsibilityofthepersonchairingthemeeting,whoshouldencouragethosewhosaylittletospeakandstopthosewhohaveagreatdealtosayfromtalkingtoomuch.chairingthemeeting分詞短語做定語修飾theperson,第一個who引導非限制性定語從句，同樣修飾theperson,whosaylittle和whohaveagreatdealtosay都是定語從句修飾各自前面的those。。LanguagePoints3.Thisisalsotheresponsib

4．“Itrytoholdnomorethantwoorthreemeetingsaweek,attendedbyamaximumofthreepeoplefornolongerthanhalfanhour,”hesays.maximumthelargestpossiblequantityn.極點，最大量a.最高的，最大極限的e.g.Thishallholdsamaximumofseventypeople.這廳最多容納七十人。e.g.Thedemonstrationwascarefullyorchestratedtoattractmaximumpublicity.該示威經過精心策畫以盡量吸引公眾注意。e.g.Thedressiscarefullystyledformaximumcomfort.這服裝精心設計，力求達到最大限度的舒適。e.g.Themaximumamountofcreditextendedtoacustomer.最大透支額允許客人賒賬的最大量。LanguagePoints4．“Itrytoholdnomorethan

5．Idrawuptheagendaforeverymeetingandcirculateitinadvanceagendan.alistofmatterstobetakenup(asatameeting)議事日程e.g.Thisagendawillformthebasisofournextmeeting.本議程將成為下次會議的中心議題。e.g.Let'sgoontothenextitemontheagenda.我們討論議程表上的下一項吧。e.g.Let'sthrashthematteroverbeforeputtingitontheagenda.我們先把這件事仔細研究一下，再把它列入議事日程。LanguagePoints5．Idrawuptheagendaforev

6.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.Whetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime做decide的賓語從句。examplen.楷模，模范followone’sexample學某人的樣子，類似短語followone’ssuitputv.把…加在…身上e.g.Neverputyourtrusttoastranger.絕不要相信陌生人。LanguagePoints6.Executivesshouldfollowt

ChoosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingstatementsaccordingtoTextA.Task1Whatdomostmanagersthinkaboutmeetings?A.Meetingstakeupmostoftheirworkinglives.B.Meetingsallowthemtomonitordecision-making.C.Meetingspreventthemfromestablishingaroutine.D.Meetingsaretheonlywaytheyknowofachievingcertainobjectives.答案DChoosethebestanswerforea

2.Accordingtothewriter,anexampleofavaluablemeetingisonewhich_______.A.allowscolleaguestoachieveabetterworkingrelationshipB.requiresmanagerstodiscussstaffingneedswithpersonnelC.selectsasuitablegroupofpeopletoworktogetherasateamD.encouragesstafftopresentideasonimprovementsinmanagement答案A2.Accordingtothewriter,a

3.Accordingtothewriter,theagendaisimportantbecauseit_______.A.isseenbyeverybodybeforethemeetingB.helpstogivedirectiontothediscussionsC.containsitemsofinteresttoallthosepresentD.showswhoshouldspeakateachstageofthemeeting答案B3.Accordingtothewriter,t

4.Thewritersaysthatpeopleleavingawellorganizedmeetingwillunderstand_______.A.thereasonfortheirinvitationtothemeetingB.howthedecisionstakenwererelevanttothemC.theimportanceofproposalsunderdiscussionD.whycertaincoursesofactionwereagreedupon答案D4.Thewritersaysthatpeopl

5.WhatisRolandWinterson’sopinionaboutmeetings?A.Theycanbeabaduseofamanager’stime.B.Theirimportanceisoftenunderestimated.C.Theyfrequentlyresultinwrongdecisions.D.Theireffectivenesscouldbeimprovedwithbetterplanning.答案D5.WhatisRolandWinterson’sMatchthewordsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.MatchthewordsontheleftwiTask21.F2.D3.B4.A5.G6.C.7.H8.ETask2

Task3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Althoughmostmanagerswouldagreethatitishardtothinkofanalternativetomeetings,asameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions,theirlengthandfrequencycancauseproblemswiththeworkloadofeventhebest-organizedexecutives.答案盡管大多數(shù)經理都認為很難找到別的方式來取代開會這一交流信息和做出集體決策的方法，但是長時間頻繁的會議給最井井有條的高級經理也造成工作負擔。答案盡管大多數(shù)經理都認為很難找到別的方式來取代開會這一交流

2.Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary,decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.答案一旦決定開會是必要的，就要決定與會者、會議地點和時長。2.Onceithasbeendecidedt

3.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.答案管理者應像律師那樣計算每一小時的成本，然后決定參加一次冗長的會議是否的確是利用時間的最好的方式?！?.ExecutivesshouldfollowtTask4WordFormationLearning—Root(13)ThefollowingrootscanbefoundinTextA.RootsMeaningExamplesalteralternaliothertochange其他的，改變狀態(tài)alterablea.可改變的alternationn.交互，交錯aliena.外國的，外來的alienatev.疏遠volvolvtorolltoturn卷，轉volumen.卷，冊evolvev.發(fā)展，進化revolvev.旋轉，循環(huán)Task4RootsMeaningExamplesalteRootsMeaningExampleslocplace地方localismn.地方主義collocatev.并列，排列relocatev.重新定位circcyclringcircle圓，環(huán)circulara.圓的，循環(huán)的circuitn.環(huán)行；電路encirclev.環(huán)繞，包圍bicyclen.自行車RootsMeaningExampleslocplaceloNow,readTextAcarefully,locatethewordsinthetextthatcontainoneoftheabove-mentionedroots,andtellthemeaningofeachword.1.alter_______________(Para.1,Line4)2.volv_______________(Para.3,Line4)alternativeinvolvedNow,readTextAcarefully,lo3.loc_______________(Para.3,Line6)4.circ_______________(Para.5,Line9)allocatedcirculate3.locallocatedcirculateBesides,completethesentenceswiththewordsyouhavejustfoundoutfromTextAandchangetheformwhennecessary.5.Pleaseopenawindowtoallowtheairto________________.6.Asystemusedto________________ascarcecommodity,suchasfood,onlytothosecapableofderivingthegreatestbenefitfromit.circulateallocateBesides,completethesentence7.Paintingtheroom________________movingoutthepiano.8.Caughtintheact,hehadno________________buttoconfess.involvedalternative7.Paintingtheroom_________ComprehensiveReadingTenCharactersYou’llMeetataBusinessMeetingEveryoneparticipatesinmeetingsoristhehostofameeting.Manyareproductiveandothersareacompletewasteoftime.Therearetencharactersyou’llmeetinbusinessmeetings.TextB譯文參加商務會議的十種人1每個人都參加會議，或是與會者，或是會議主持人。很多會議是有成果的，但是也有一些完全是浪費時間。在商務會議中，你會遇到以下十種人。ComprehensiveReadingTenCharaMonopolizer2TheMonopolizerthinksheorsheistheonlyonewithwisdomonvarioussubjectsatthebusinessmeeting.TheMonopolizerbelieveseveryoneelseistheretohearhimorherspeak.Theydon’tappreciatebusinessmeetingsthatofferanopportunitytohearfrommany.譯文獨斷專行的人2獨斷專行的人認為，在商務會議上，他/她是唯一對各種事情都很有見解的人。他認為其他與會人員都是來聽他/她的發(fā)言的。這樣的人不把商務會議當作是聽取多方意見的好機會。Monopolizer譯文獨斷專行的人TangentTalker3TheTangentTalkerhijacksthetopicofthegroupbytakingdiscussionsoffontangenttopicsunrelatedtotheissueathand.Oneminuteyou’reontopicandthenextminuteyou’rein“l(fā)eftfield”asyouragendatopichasbeentakenonatangent.譯文扯開話題的人3喜歡扯開話題的人隨意將與會人員商討的話題扯到毫無相干的地方去。這一刻你也許還在討論某個話題，下一刻話題就被扯到與議程不相干的地方去了。TangentTalker譯文扯開話題的人Devil’sAdvocate4Thispersonseemstorelishtakingtheoppositetack.Whatevertheargumentbeingputforth,thispersondelightsintakinganoppositeview.譯文唱反調的人4唱反調的人似乎最喜歡跟別人對著干。不管討論什么話題，這樣的人總喜歡唱反調Devil’sAdvocate譯文唱反調的人Cynic5Theultimatenaysayer,theCynichasaMaster’sdegreeinnegativity.Adroitatusingthephrases,“itwon’twork”,“can’tbedone”,and“they’llneverbuyit.”Theyareskilledatdeflatinganddefeating.譯文憤世嫉俗的人5憤世嫉俗者最擅長提出否定意見。他常掛在嘴邊的話就是“這樣不行”，“做不到”，“他們決不會買的”。他們最能貶低、打擊別人。Cynic譯文憤世嫉俗的人FenceSitter6Knownfortheirparalysisbyanalysis,FenceSittersareunabletomakedecisions.Despitebeinginadeliberativebody,theyareconflictedbymultiplearguments,andcan’t“pullthetrigger”whenit’stimetomakeadecisioninabusinessmeeting.譯文騎墻派6騎墻者不能很好地分析問題，所以也不能做出決定。盡管他們本身比較審慎，但是在商務會議上，他們本應對有爭議的話題做出決定時，卻總不能當機立斷。FenceSitter譯文騎墻派Pandora’sBoxOpener7ThePandora’sBoxOpenersleadtheentiremeetingintoareasthatprovokefrustration,animosities,andoftenresentmenttoo.Oncethisboxisopened,it’shardtogettheissuesbackintothebox.Discussionsofsalaries,promotionsorpersonalstylesoftenstirupissuesthathijackmeetings.Evenworse,someculpritsreopenissuesfromearlierinthebusinessmeetingthathavealreadybeenresolved.譯文制造麻煩的人7制造麻煩的人將整個會議帶到讓人感覺沮喪、敵對或產生憤恨的地步。不該提及的話題一旦被提出，就很難再收回。關于薪金、晉升機會或個人風格等話題總會擾亂議會議議題。更糟糕的是，一些好事者還要再提及那些在早期商務會議上已經解決的事情。Pandora’sBoxOpener譯文制造麻煩的人BrownNoser8Thisemployeeisseenbyotheremployeestobeinthepocketofthepersontowhomthey’recow-towing.Ultimatelytheyareseenforwhotheyareandbecomepredictableandnottrusted.譯文阿諛奉承的人8在他人眼里，阿諛奉承的員工被他們奉承的人玩于股掌之間。最終這樣的人會被別人看清，變得不再可信。BrownNoser譯文阿諛奉承的人Attacker9TheAttackerdeftlymixesnegativitywithpersonalattacks,challengingothers’ideaswithvigor.Withoutregardtohurtingothers’feelings,theAttackerusesaconfrontationalstyletoobjecttoothers’ideasandgoagainsttheflow.Sadly,sometimestheydon’tevenrealizethey’reattacking.譯文喜歡攻擊的人9喜歡攻擊的人老練地把反對意見和個人攻擊混為一談，盛氣凌人地挑戰(zhàn)別人的觀點。這樣的人不會顧及是否會傷害別人的情感，他們用一種對抗的方式反對他人的意見或擾亂會議的程序。更悲哀的是，他們有時根本沒有意識到他們是在攻擊別人。Attacker譯文喜歡攻擊的人Joker10Don’tlettheJoker’sgoodnaturefoolyou,Jokerscanbemeetingmonsters.Theirconstantjokinghastheeffectofdiminishingothers’seriousideasorsuggestions.Theirinfusionofhumorcanbelittleothers’motionsandmakesitdifficultforsometobetakenseriously.譯文喜歡玩笑的人10不要讓喜歡玩笑的人的好脾氣愚弄了你，因為他們可能是攪亂會議的人。不停的玩笑使得別人嚴肅的觀點和意見顯得并不重要。他們的幽默會降低他人的動議的價值，甚至動議也不能嚴肅地得以實施。Joker譯文喜歡玩笑的人Robots11Meetingrobotsareactuallycellphones,pagers,personaldigitalassistants(PDAs),andlaptopcomputers.Eachdistractstheirownerandothers,too,astheyintrudeuponparticipants’attentionspansduringbusinessmeetings.譯文會議機器11會議機器實際就是電話、傳呼機、個人數(shù)字助理和手提電腦之類的東西。每一樣會議機器都會干擾他們的主人和其他人，因為這些機器很使參加商務會議的人分散注意力。Robots譯文會議機器LanguagePoints1TheMonopolizerthinksheorsheistheonlyonewithwisdomonvarioussubjectsatthebusinessmeeting.monopolizern.peoplewhohaveandcontrolsomethingorsomebodyfullyandexclusively2Theydon’tappreciatebusinessmeetingsthatofferanopportunitytohearfrommany.appreciatev.recognizewithgratitude;begratefulfor欣賞，領會；感激，感謝e.g.Weallappreciateaholidayafterayearofhardworking.經過一年辛苦工作之后，大家都能領略假期的樂趣。e.g.Weappreciateyourhelpingus.我們感謝你們的幫助。TextBLanguagePoints1TheMonopolizLanguagePointsTheTangentTalkerhijacksthetopicofthegroupbytakingdiscussionsoffontangenttopicsunrelatedtotheissueathand.tangentastraightlineorplanethattouchesacurveorcurvedsurfaceatapointbutdoesnotintersectitatthatpointn.切線，正切a.接觸的，相切的go/flyoffat/onatangent突然改變方針；突然改變話題；突然扯到題外；突然離開原來的思路TextBLanguagePointsTheTangentTaLanguagePoints4Devil'sAdvocatedeviln.(Judeo-ChristianandIslamicreligions)chiefspiritofevilandadversaryofGod;tempterofmankind;masterofHell惡魔，魔鬼advocaten.v.apersonwhopleadsforacauseorpropoundsanidea提倡者，擁護者e.g.Idon'treallybelieveincapitalpunishment,I'mjustplayingthedevil'sadvocate.我并非真正主張應該有死刑，只是故意唱唱反調罷了。e.g.Thisjudgeisastrongadvocateofprisonreform.這位法官是監(jiān)獄改革的堅決擁護者。e.g.Headvocatesreducingmilitaryspending.他主張削減軍費開支。TextBLanguagePoints4Devil'sAdvLanguagePoints5Cynicn.someonewhoiscriticalofthemotivesofothers憤世嫉俗者e.g.Acynicisamanwhoknowsthepriceofeverythingandthevalueofnothing.玩世不恭者，是只知一切事物的價錢而不知其價值的人。e.g.Robertsisarealcynic;hewon'tacceptanythingoranyoneonfacevalue.羅伯特實在是一個玩世不恭的人；他不會對任何事或任何人信以為真。6．FenceSittern.apersonwhowon’ttakesidesinacontroversy騎墻派TextBLanguagePoints5Cynicn.somLanguagePoints7.Knownfortheirparalysisbyanalysis,FenceSittersareunabletomakedecisions.paralysisn.lossoftheabilitytomoveabodypart癱瘓e.g.Thediseaseresultsincreepingparalysis.這種病可發(fā)展成脊髓癆。e.g.Completeparalysisofthelowerhalfofthebodyincludingbothlegs,wasusuallycausedbydamagetothespinalcord.脊髓受傷常常引起包括雙腿在內的下身麻痹。TextBLanguagePoints7.KnownfortLanguagePoints8．Pandora’sBoxOpenerPandoran.(Greekmythology)thefirstwoman,createdbyHephaestusonordersfromZeuswhopresentedhertoEpimetheusalongwithaboxfilledwithevils.Pandora’sBoxItistheboxthatZeusgavetoPandora.Whensheopenedtheboxwithcuriosity,Allthemiseriesandevilsflewouttheafflictmankind.TextBLanguagePoints8．Pandora’sBoLanguagePoints9．Evenworse,someculpritsreopenissuesfromearlierinthebusinessmeetingthathavealreadybeenresolved.culpritn.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing犯人，罪犯e.g.Theculpritwillbewhippedwhenheisfound.那個罪犯找到后就要挨鞭子抽打。e.g.Thepolicearenowonthescentoftheculprit.警方已獲得罪犯的線索。TextBLanguagePoints9．Evenworse,LanguagePoints10．BrownNosern.Apersonwhoactsfavorablytohisorherpeerstogainstasisorfancythatwilleventuallybeusedtotheiradvantage,suchasaraise,promotion,oracceptanceinagroup.Usuallybrownnoserswilldoanythingtogaintheapprovaloftheirpersonofchoice.Thesepeoplecanalsobedescribedaslosersbecausetheycan’tworkforwhattheywant.Anothertwowordsforthispersonareashoeshineroraneyelicker.阿諛奉承的人TextBLanguagePoints10．BrownNoserLanguagePoints11．Jokerscanbemeetingmonsters.Monstern.apersonoranimalthatismarkedlyunusualordeformed怪物，惡人e.g.Hewaspossessedwithamonster.他被一個怪物纏上了。e.g.Thismachineisarealmonster.這臺機器真是個龐然大物。12．Eachdistractstheirownerandothers,too,astheyintrudeuponparticipants’attentionspansduringbusinessmeetings.spann.thecompletedurationofsomething跨度，范圍e.g.Modernmedicinehasincreasedman’slifespan.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學延長了人的壽命。e.g.Canyouspananoctaveonthepiano?你能按到鋼琴的八個鍵嗎？TextBLanguagePoints11．Jokerscan

Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.Task5ColumnAColumnB1.culpritA.afeelingofillwillarousingactivehostility2.deliberativeB.skillful(orshowingskill)inadaptingmeanstoends3.animosityC.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing4.adroitatD.flatterer,bootlicker,ass-kisser5.deflatingE.involvedinor