2022年廣東大學(xué)英語考試模擬卷12測(cè)

2022年廣東大學(xué)英語考試模擬卷（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時(shí)間為180分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位: 姓名: 考號(hào):題號(hào)單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)最符合題意)WomenandFashionIfwomenaremerciIessIyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemseIvesto(47).Becausethey(48)atthethoughtofbeingseeninpubIicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystaken(49)ofbythedesignersandthebigstores.CIotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapabIeofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfulIofclothesand(50)sadlythatshehasnothingtowear. Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthe(51)creationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyearto(52)cIothesthathavehardlybeenworn.WomenwhocannotaffordtothrowawaycIothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.SkirtsareIengthenedorshortened;neckIinesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustry(53)anythingreaIlyimportanttosociety.FashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingsIikewarmth,comfortanddurabiIity.Theyareonlyinterestedin(54)appearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwi11putupwithanyamountof(55),aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn''tatsometimeinhisIifesmiIedatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeIedshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnare(56).DotheconstantIychangingfashionsofwomen''sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicquaIitiesofinconstancyandinstabiIityMenaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.DotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicquaIitiesofstabiIityandreliabilityThatisforyoutodecide.WordBankA)fashionI)evidenceB)announcingJ)casua11yC)introducedK)discomfortD)advantageL)burdenE)contributesM)outwardF)trembleN)intentionaIG)blame0)replaceH)obvious{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Fourcontestantsfailedtowinprizes.Thewomanmissedtheshow.Themanparticipatesinthequizshow.Fivecontestantswoncellphones.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.({/B}}Itgivesa20%discounttoallcustomers.ItisrunbyFiona'sfriend,IthiresFionaasanadviser.Itencourageshusbandstoshopontheirown.{{B}}PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Thegovernmentofficials.Thecriminals.Thefactoryowners.Thepoorandimmigrants.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Heusedtobeaworkmanhimself.Heisprofessionalbuilder.Helikestodothingshimself.Hepaidworkmentodecoratethehouse.{{B}}PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.{{/B})Peopleneededplacestoworkandlive.Citygovernmentwasencouragingexpansion.Therewerefewclearlydefinedneighborhoods.Realestatedevelopmentwasuncontrolled.{{B}}PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Rapidpopulationgrowth.Realestatespeculators.Corruptcitygovernment.Lackofimmigrationquotas.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Allthestudentswouldlikeaformalball.Thefestivalwillbegintheyearnicely.Raisingthemoneywillbehard.Theclubneedssomesportsaswell.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Todowhateverthecommitteeasksofhim.Tomakedecisionsinagreementwiththecommittee.Torunthecommitteeaccordingtohisownideas.Toelectthecommitteechairmanhimself.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}HerhusbandwasteachingEnglishthere.Herchildrenwerebornthere.Shewasbornthere.Shehaslivedtheresince1982.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustHehashurthishand.Heisverybusyatthemoment.Hecan'tfixit.Hewantsthewomantopaythemoney.{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}Mr.Smithisverykind.Sheisworried.Themanshouldnotworry.ShelikesMr.Smith.{{I}}Questions6and7are.basedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.NowIistentothenews.{{/1}}AstothelegislationevangeIicaIleaderscalIfor,Bush9sattitudeisoneof.affirmation.deprecation.paradox.nonchalance.{{I}}Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwi11bygiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowIistentotheinterview.{{/1}}AlIofthefollowingarethedirecteffectsoftakingcareofyourhealthEXCEPT.yoursalarywillgoupatafasterrate.youneednotspendalotonmedicine.thepremiumofyourlifeinsuranceislow.yoursavingsarebuildinguprapidly.{{I}}Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwi11bygiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowIistentotheinterview.{{/I}}WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampIeofthingsonwhichyouspendmoneyElectricity.Rent.Mortgage.Carpayments.{{I}}Questions6and7are.basedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}ItcanbeinferredfromthenewsthatconservativeChristians.upholdthedomesticpoliciesoftheBushAdministration.caremoreaboutfamilyvaluesthantheissueofabortion.areconcernedmoreaboutabortionthanglobalwarming.willhelpelectPresidentBushinthenextelectionofpresidency.{{I}}Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwi11bygiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowIistentotheinterview.{{/1}}Accordingtotheinterviewee,inordertobringyourcostdown,youshouIdbuynewcars.buyusedcars.leasenewcars.sellusedcars.{{I}}Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwi11bygiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowIistentotheinterview.{{/I}}WhatisthebiggestleapbyfartowardsthemilliondollarsGethomesandcarsoneBay.Maximizeyour401Katwork.Swapusedclothesandfurniture.Loweryourmortgagerate.{{I}}Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/I)}hewasfoundguiltyoftorturingCroatianprisoners.hewasinvolvedintheoperationtokill6people.hewasconvictedofmurderingsomeyoungMuslims.heparticipatedinthemaltreatmentoftheprisoners.{{I}}Question9isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}Protectroutesoffueldistribution.Reopentherefinerynextmonth.Cutdowntheproductionofoil.Fillthetanksoftankerdrivers.{{B}}TEXTC{{/B}}OurpubIicdebatesoftenflyoffintothewiIdbIueyonderoffantasy.Soit9sbeenwiththeFederalCommunicationsCommission9snewmedia-ownershiprules.We'retoldthat,unlesstheFCC'sdecisionisreversed,itwi11worsenthemenacingconcentrationofmediapowerandthatthiswi11-toexaggerateonlysIightIy-imperiIfreespeech,thediversityofopinionandperhapsdemocracyitself.AlIthisismorethanoverwrought;itcompIeteIymisrepresentsreality.Inthepast30years,mediapowerhassplintereddramatically;peopIehavemorechoicesthanever.Travelbackto1970.TherewereonlythreemajorTVnetworks(ABC,CBS,NBC);now,there'safourth(Fox).Then,therewasvirtuallynocableTV;now,68percentofhouseholdshaveit.Then,FMradiowasabackwater;nowthereare5,892FMstations,upfrom2,196in1970.Then,therewasonlyonenationaInewspaper(TheWalIStreetJournal);now,therearetwomore(USATodayandTheNewYorkTimes).Theideathatnbigmedia"hasdangerouslyincreaseditscontroloverourchoicesisabsurd.YetmuchofthepubIicvincludingjournalistsandpoliticians,beIievereIigiouslyinthismyth.Theyconfusesizewithpower.It'struethatsomegiganticmediacompaniesaregettingevenbiggerattheexpenseofothermediacompanies.Butit'snottruethattheirpowerisincreasingatthepublic'sexpense.PopularhostiIitytowardbigmediastemspartlyfromthegrowingcompetition,whichcreateswinnersandlosersandloserscomplain.Liberalsdon'tIiketheconservativetalkshows,butyoungerviewersdo.AJunepolIbythePewResearchCenterforthePeopIeandthePressfoundthatviewersfromtheagesof18to29approvedof"hostswithstrongopinions"bya58percentto32percentmargin.SociaIconservativesdespisewhatonerecentlycalled"therawsewage,ultraviolence,graphicsexandraunchylanguage"ofTV.Butmanyviewersloveit.Journalistsdetestthecostandprofitpressuresthatresultfromstiffcompetitionwithothernewsandentertainmentoutlets.It'sthetyrannyofthemarket:atriumphofpopuIartastes.Bigmediacompaniestrytoanticipate,shapeandprofitfromthesetastes.Butmediadiversityfrustratesanyonecompanyfromimposingitsviewsandvaluesonanunwi11ingaudience.PeopIejustcIicktoanotherchanneIorcanceItheirsubscription.Theparadoxisthis:theexplosionofchoicesmeansthatalmosteveryonemaybeoffendedbysomething.Alotofthisfree-floatinghostiIityhasattacheditselftotheFCCownershiprules.Thebacklashiseasilyexaggerated.InthePewpoll,51percentofrespondentsknew"nothing"oftherules;anadditionaI36percentknewonly“aIittIe".Theruleswouldpermitanycompanytoowntelevisionstationsinareaswith45percentofU.S.households,upfrom35percentnow.ThenetworkscouldbuymoreoftheiraffiIiatestationsastepthat,criticssay,wouldjeopardize"IocaI'controlandcontent.Atbest,that'squestionable.Networkprogramsalreadyfi11mostofaffiIiates'hours.Tokeeplocalaudiences,anyownermustsatisfylocaldemands,especiallyfornewsandweatherprogramming.ButthesymboIicbacklashagainsttheFCCandbigmediadoesposeonehiddendanger.ForsomeU.S.househoIds,over-the-airbroadcastingistheonlyTVavaitable,anditslong-termsurvivalishardlyensured.BothcabIeandtheInternetareerodingitsaudience.In2002cableprogramminghadmoreprimetimeviewersthanbroadcastprogrammingfor1hefirsttime(48percentvs.46percent).Streamingvideo,nowprimitive,wi11improve;soonerorlatercertainlyinthenext10or15years-manyWebsiteswi11beTVchannels.Ifover-the-airbroadcastingdecIinesordisappears,thebigloserswi11bethepoor.BroadcastTVwi11surviveandflourishonlyifthenetworksremainprofitableenoughtobidforandprovidecompetitiveentertainment,sportsandnewsprogramming.Theindustry*sstructuremustgivethemalong-termstakeinover-the-airbroadcasting.OwningmoreTVstationsisonepossibiIity.IfCongresspreventsthat,itmayperverselyhurttheverydiversityandthepeopIethatit'stryingtoprotect.WhentheauthortaIksaboutFCC'sdecisioninthefirstparagraph,.heisinfavorofit.hisviewisbalanced.heisslightlycriticalofit.heisstronglycriticalofit.{{I}} Question10isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}theexemptionfrompenalty.thecooperationwithprosecutors.revealingthetruthaboutthebankruptcy.theabatementofpenalty.{(Bl}TEXTB{{/B}}Britain'seastmidiandswereoncethepictureofEngIishcountryside,alivewithflocks,shepherds,skylarksandbuttercupsthestuffoffairytales.In1941GeorgeMarshleftschooIattheageof14toworkasaherdsmaninNottinghamshire,theEastMidlandscountrysidehisparentsandgrandparentsfarmed.HerecalIsskylarksnestingincerealfields,whichwhenaccidentaIlydisturbedwouIdfIysingingintothesky.ButinhisIifetime,Marshhasseenthecoloranddiversityofhisnativelandfade.Farmersusedtogrowaboutatonofwheatperacre;nowtheygrowfourtons.Pesticideshavekilledofftheinsectsuponwhichskylarksfed,andyear-roundharvestinghasdriventhebirdsfromtheirwinternests.Skylarksarenowrare.MFarmerskillanythingthataffectsproduction,MsaysMarsh."Agricultureistooefficient.nAnecdotaIevidenceofaloomingcrisisinbiodiversityisnowbeingreinforcedbyscience.Intheircomprehensivesurveysofplants,butterfIiesandbirdsoverthepast20to40yearsinBritain,ecoIogistsJeremyThomasandCarlyStevensfoundsignificantpopuIationdecIinesinathirdofalInativespecies.Butterfliesarethefurthestalong-71percentofBritain's58speciesareshrinkinginnumber,andsome,IikethelargeblueandtortoiseshelI,arealreadyextinet.InBritain'sgrasslands,akeyhabitat,20percentofalIanimal,plantandinsectspeciesareonthepathtoextinetion.There'shardlyacornerofthecountry'secoIogythatisn'taffectedbythisdownwardspiral.TheproblemwouldbebadenoughifitweremerelyIocaI,butit'snot:becauseBritain'stemperateecoIogyissimilartothatinsomanyotherpartsoftheworld,it'sthebestmicrocosmscientistshavebeenabletostudyindetaiI.Scientistshavesoundedalarmsaboutspecies'extinetioninthepast,butalwaysspecifictoaparticularanimalorplace-whaIesinthe1980sortheAmazonianrainforestsinthe1990s.Thistime,though,theimpIicationsaremuchwider.TheAmazonisa"biodiversityhotspot"withauniqueecology.ButinBritain,nthemaindriversofchangearethesameprocessesresponsibleforspecies'deciinesworldwide,nsaysThomas.Thefindings,pubIishedinthejournalScience,providethefirstclearevidencethattheworIdisinthethroesofamassiveextinetion.ThomasandStevensarguethatwearefacingalossof65to95percentoftheworld1sspecies,onthescaleofaniceageorthemeteoritethatmayhavewipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago.Ifso,thiswouldbeonIythesixthtimesuchdevastationhadoccurredinthepast600millionyears.Theotherfivewereassociatedwithone-offeventsIiketheiceages,avoIcaniceruptionorameteor.Thistime,ecosystemsaredyingathousanddeaths一一fromoverfishingandtherazingoftherainforests,butalsofromadvancesinagriculture.TheBritishstudy,forinstance,findsthatoneofthebiggestproblemsisnitrogenpo11ution.NitrogenisreleasedwhenfossiIfuelsburnincarsandpowerplants-butalsowhenecologicalIyrichheathlandsarepIowedandfertiIizersarespread.Nitrogen-richfertiIizersfueIthegrowthofta11grasses,whichinturnovershadowandkilloffdeIicateflowersIikeharebelIsandeyebrights.EvenseemingIyinnocuouspracticesareresponsibleforvastecologicaldamage.WhenBritishfarmersstoppedfeedinghorsesandcattIewithhayandswitchedtosiIage,akindofpreservedshortgrass,theyeliminatedafavoritenestingspotofcorncrakes,birdsknownfortheirraspynightIymatingcalIs;corncrakepopuIationshavefaIIen76percentinthepast20years.ThedepressingIistgoesonandon.Manyofthesepracticesarebeingrepeatedthroughouttheworld,inoneformoranother,whichiswhyscientistsbeIievethattheBritishstudyhasgIobaIimplications.Wildlifeisgettingblander."Wedon'tknowwhichspeciesareessentiaItothewebofIifesowe'retakingamassiveriskbyeliminatinganyofthem,nsay'sDavidWedin,professorofecoIogyattheUniversityofNebraska.Chancesarewe'11beseeingtheresultsofthisexperimentbeforetoolong.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatGeorgeMarsh.cherisheshisadolescencememories.thinkshighlyoftheefficiencyofagriculture.maynothavehappymemoriesofpasttime.cannotrememberhisadolescencedays.{{I}}Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwi11bygiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowIistentotheinterview.{{/1}}Ideally,howmuchdoesahypotheticaIcouple9s401kamounttoover10years$15,000.$500,000.$397,000.$31,000.{{BHTEXTD{{/B}}TherearetwowaysinwhichwecanthinkofIiterarytranslation:asreproductionandasrecreation.Ifwethinkoftranslationasreproduction,itisasafeandharmlessenoughbusiness:thetranslatorisaIiteratureprocessorintowhichthetexttobetransIatedisinsertedandoutofwhichitoughttoemergeidenticaI,butinanotherlanguage.Butunfortunatelythehumanmindisanimperfectmachine,andthegoalofpreciseinterIinguisticmessage-transferenceisnever-achieved;sothetranslatoroffershumbIeapologiesforbeingcapabIeofproducingonlyapaleshadowoftheoriginal.SincealIheisdoingiscopyinganother1smeaningsfromoneIanguagetoanother,heremoveshimselffromsightsothatthewriter'sgeniuscanshineasbrightlyasmaybe.Todothis,heusesaneutral,conventiona11yIiteraryIanguagewhichensuresthattheresultwiIIindeedbeapaleshadow,inwhichitisimpossibleforanybody'sgeniustoshine.Readersalsoregardthetranslatorasaneutralmeaning-conveyor,thenattributethemediocrityofthetranslationtotheoriginalauthor.MartinAmis,forexampIe,declaresthatDonQuixoteisunreadable,withoutstoppingtothinkabouttheconsequencesofthefactthatwhathehasreadornotreadiswhatatranslatorwrote,notwhatCervanteswrote.IfweregardIiterarytranslationIikethis,asmessage-transference,wehavetoconeIudethatbeforeverylongitwi11becarriedoutperfectlyweIIbycomputers.Therearemanypressuresencouragingtranslatorstoacceptthisdescriptionoftheirwork,apartfromthefactthatitisascientificdescriptionandthereforemustberight.TraditionisonesuchadditionaIencouragement,becausemeaning-transferencehasbeenthedominantphiIosophyandmannerofIiterarytranslationintoEnglishforatleastthreehundredyears.ThelargepubIishinghousesprovidefurtherencouragement,sincetheyalsoexpectthetranslatortobeaIiterature-processor,whonotonly'copiestextsbutsimplifiesthemaswell,eIiminatingtroubIesomecomplexitiesandmanufacturingareadilyconsumabIeproductforthemarketplace.ButthereisanotherwayinwhichwecanthinkofIiterarytransIation.Wecanregardthetranslatornotasapassivereproducerofmeaningsbutasanactivereaderfirst,andthenacreativerewriterofwhatbehasread.ThisdescriptionhastheadvantagesofbeingmoreinterestingandofcorrespondingmorecIoseIytoreality,becauseapiIeofsheetsofpaperwithIittIesquigglyIinesonthem,gluedtogetheralongoneside,onlybecomesaworkofIiteraturewhensomebodyreadsit,andreadingisnotjustalogicalprocessbutoneinvolvingthewholebeing:thefeeIingsandtheintuitionsandthememoryandthecreativeimaginationandthewholeIifeexperienceofthereader.Computerscannotread,theycanonlyscan.AndsincethecombinationofalIthosehumancomponentsisuniqueineachperson,thereareasmanyDonQuixotesastherearereadersofDonQuixote,asJorgeLuisBorgesoncedeclared.Anytranslationofthisnovelisthetranslator1saccountofhisreadingofit,ratherthansomeinevitablypaleshadowofwhatCervanteswrote.Itwi11onlybeapaleshadowifthetranslatorisadu11reader,perhapsasaresultofacceptingthepreconditioningthatgoeswiththeroleofIiteratureprocessor.YoumayobjectthatwhatIamadvocatingisextremechaoticsubjectivism,leadingtotheconeIusionthatanythinggoes,inreadingandthereforeintranslation;butitisnot,becausereadingisguidedbyitsownconventions,theinterpersonalrolesoftheIiterarygamethatweinternalizeasweacquireIiteraryexperience.Byreferencetothese,wecanagree,byreasonedargument,thatsomereadingsaremoreappropriatethanothers,andthereforethatsometranslationsarebetterthanothers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftranslationasreproductionThe translator canpreciselytransfer meaningbetweentwolanguages.The translator triesnottohavehis presencefeltbyhis readers.The translator canshowtheoriginal writerathisorher best.The translator activelyproducesthe writer'smeanings.{{B}}TEXTA((/B})Asaconten^joraryartist,JimDinehasoftenincorporatedotherpeopIe,sphotographyintohisabstractworks.But,the68-year-oIdAmericandidntpickupacamerahimselfandstartshootinguntiIhemovedtoBerIinin1995ーーandoncehedid,hecouldn9tstop.TheresultisavoIurninousco11ectionofimages,rangingfromearIy-20th-centurystyleheIiogravurestomodern-daydigitalprintings,aseIectionofwhichareonexhibitionattheMaisonEuropeennedelaPhotographicinParis.Theyareamonghismostprizedachievements.MImakephotographsthewayImakepaintings,MsaysDine,Hbutthedifferenceis,inphotography,it'sIikeIightingafireeverytime.nThoughphotographymakesupasmalIsiiceofDine1svastoeuvre,theexhibitisatrueretrospectiveofhiscareer.Dinemostlyphotographshisownartworkorthesubjectsthathehasportrayedinsculpture,paintingandprintsincludingVenusdeMiIo,ravensandowls,heartsandskulIs.Therearestillpicturesofwe11-usedtoolsinhisConnecticutworkshop,deIightfuIdigitalself-portraitsandintimateportraitsofhissleepingwife,theAmericanphotographerDianaMichener.MostreveaIingandnoveIareDine'sshotsofhispoetry,scribbIedincharcoaIonwa11sIikegraffiti.TotakeinthisshowistowanderthroughDine'slife:hischiIdhoodobsessions,hisloves,hisdreams.ItisapoignantandpowerfulexhibitthatrightIycelebratesoneofmodernart'smostintriguing-andleasthyped-talents.Whenhearrivedonthesceneintheearly1960s,Dinewasseenasapioneerinthepop-artmovement.Buthedidn'tlastlong;oncepopstagnated,Dinemovedon.MPoparthad1odowiththeexteriorworld,"hesays.Hewasmoreinterested,headds,inHwhatwasgoingoninsideme.nHeexploredhisownpersonality,andfromtheredeveIopedthemes.Hisloveforhandcraftinggrewintoaseriesofartworksincorporatinghammersandsaws.Hisobsessionwithowlsandravenscamefromadreamheoncehad.HischiIdhoodtoyPinocchio,wornandchipped,appearsinsomeself-portraitsasaredandyeIlowblurflyingthroughtheair.DinefirstdabbIedinphotographyinthelate1970s,whenPolaroidinvitedhimtotryoutanewlarge-formatcameraatitshead-quartersinCambridge,Massachusetts.Heproducedaseriesofcolorful,out-of-focusself-portraits,andwhenhewasdone,hepackedthemaway.Ahalfdozenoftheseimagesinperfeetcondition-areondisplayinParisforthefirsttime.Thoughmasterful,theyfeelflatwhencomparedwithhislaterpictures.Dinedidn'tshootagainuntiIhewenttoBerIininthemid'90stoteach.BythenhewasreadytoembracephotographycompIeteIy.Michenerwashisguide:"Sheopenedmyeyestowhatwaspossible,"hesays.nHerapproachissonaturalandclassic.IIistened.MWhenitcametimetoprintwhathehadphotographed,DinechoseheIiogravure,theoldstyleofprintingfavoredbyAlfredStiegIitz,EdwardCurtisandPaulStrand,whichgivesphotographsawarmtoneandanalmosthanddrawnloopIikeDine'setchings.HelatertriedoutthetraditionalbIack-and-whitesiIver-gelatinprocess,thendigitalphotographyandjetinkprinting,whichheadores.Aboutthesametime,DineimmersedhimselfintoJungianpsychoanalysis.That,inconjunctionwithhisnewartistictack,provedcathartic."Theaccessphotographygivesyoutoyoursubconsciousissofantastic,"hesays."I'velearnedhowtobringtheseimagesoutIikeastreamofconsciousness-somethingthat'snotpossibleinthesamewayindrawingorpaintingbecausetechniqueaIwaysgetsinyourway."Thisisevidentinthewayheworks:whenDineshoots,heIeavesthingsalone.Eventua11y,Dineturnedthecameraonhimself.Hisself-portraitsaredisturbinglypersonaI;heopenshimseIfphysica11yandemotiona11ybeforethelens.HesayssuchpicturesareanattempttoexaminehimseIfaswe11as"recordthemarchoftime,whatgravitydoestothefaceineverybody.19maverywillingsubject."Indeed,Dineseesphotographyasthesurestpathtoself-discovery."I'vealwayslearnedaboutmyseIfinmyart,"hesays."Butphotographyexpressesme.It'sme.Me."TheParisexhibitmakesthatperfectlyclear.AccordingtheDine,thedifferencebetweenpaintingandphotographyisthat?thelatterrequiresmoreinsight.theformerneedsmorepatience.thelatterarousesgreatpassionsinhim.theformerinvolvesmoreindoorwork.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}TherearetwowaysinwhichwecanthinkofIiterarytranslation:asreproductionandasrecreation.Ifwethinkoftranslationasreproduction,itisasafeandharmlessenoughbusiness:thetranslatorisaIiteratureprocessorintowhichthetexttobetransIatedisinsertedandoutofwhichitoughttoemergeidenticaI,butinanotherIanguage.Butunfortunatelythehumanmindisanimperfectmachine,andthegoalofpreciseinterIinguisticmessage-transferenceisnever-achieved;sothetranslatoroffershumbIeapologiesforbeingcapabIeofproducingonlyapaleshadowoftheoriginal.SineealIheisdoingiscopyinganother,smeaningsfromoneIanguagetoanother,heremoveshimselffromsightsothatthewriter'sgeniuscanshineasbrightlyasmaybe.Todothis,heusesaneutral,conventionaIIyIiteraryIanguagewhichensuresthattheresultwiIIindeedbeapaleshadow,inwhichitisimpossibleforanybody'sgeniustoshine.Readersalsoregardthetranslatorasaneutralmeaning-conveyor,thenattributethemediocrityofthetranslationtotheoriginalauthor.MartinAmis,forexample,declaresthatDonQuixoteisunreadable,withoutstoppingtothinkabouttheconsequencesofthefactthatwhathehasreadornotreadiswhatatranslatorwrote,not