2021年兒科急救知識大賽試題及答案(共90題)

2021/r/n年兒科急救知識大賽試題及答/r/n案（共/r/n90/r/n題）/r/n1/r/n、/r/n9/r/n歲，男孩，/r/n10/r/n天前患咽喉痛，今發(fā)現(xiàn)顏面水腫，解醬油色尿/r/n2/r/n次，尿量減少，頭痛，服中藥后嘔吐/r/n2/r/n次，傍晚忽然四肢抽搐，持續(xù)/r/n7~8/r/n分鐘，就診時呈昏睡狀。首先的治療措施是：（/r/nD/r/n）/r/n鎮(zhèn)靜劑/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n鎮(zhèn)靜劑/r/n+/r/n青霉素/r/n鎮(zhèn)靜劑/r/n+/r/n鈣劑/r/n利血平/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n青霉素/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n2/r/n、/r/n8/r/n歲患兒，水腫/r/n2/r/n個月，在外院診斷為原發(fā)性腎病綜合征，用潑尼松治療/r/n4/r/n周，現(xiàn)尿蛋白仍/r/n+++/r/n?；純阂恢睘榈望}飲食，間斷用呋塞米，/r/n2/r/n天前出現(xiàn)嘔吐、腹瀉，/r/n1/r/n天來患兒開始厭食、乏力、嗜睡、血壓下降。此患者首先應(yīng)做的檢查是（/r/nD/r/n）/r/n血常規(guī)/r/n尿常規(guī)/r/nC/r/n?血氣分析/r/n血電解質(zhì)/r/n頭顱/r/nCT/r/n3/r/n、/r/n9/r/n歲患兒，發(fā)熱，興奮多語，哭鬧無常/r/n1/r/n周，口唇數(shù)個皰疹，頸/r/n軟，心肺/r/n（-）,/r/n腦脊液：外觀清亮，/r/nWBC100/r/nx/r/n106/L,N/r/n30%/r/n,/r/nL/r/n70%/r/n,/r/n蛋白質(zhì)為/r/n500mg/L/r/n，氯化物/r/n120mmol/L/r/n，糖/r/n3.8mmol/L/r/n。最可能的診/r/n斷是：（/r/nC/r/n）/r/n風濕舞蹈病/r/n肝豆狀核變性/r/n病毒性腦炎/r/n早期結(jié)核性腦膜炎/r/nE/r/n精神分裂癥/r/n4/r/n、/r/n3/r/n歲男孩，/r/n5/r/n天前咳嗽流涕，體溫/r/n38.5°/r/nC/r/n，曾診斷/r/n"/r/n上感/r/n”/r/n，對癥處/r/n理無好轉(zhuǎn)，精神差，嗜睡，間有嘔吐，今晨起抽搐，繼而昏迷，搶救/r/n無效死亡。腦脊液：外觀清亮，/r/nWBC280/r/nx/r/n106/L/r/n，/r/nN20%/r/n，/r/nL80%/r/n，/r/n蛋白質(zhì)為/r/n500mg/L/r/n氯化物/r/n118mmol/L,/r/n糖/r/n4mmol/L/r/n。/r/n何種疾病最可能/r/n（/r/nB/r/n）/r/n化膿性腦膜炎/r/n病毒性腦炎/r/n結(jié)核性腦膜炎/r/n敗血癥/r/n中毒性腦病/r/n5/r/n、/r/n兩歲男孩，發(fā)熱嘔吐/r/n3/r/n天入院，輕咳。查體：/r/nT39/r/nC/r/n，意識模糊，頸稍有抵抗，心肺腹/r/n（/r/n-/r/n），/r/n雙側(cè)巴氏征（/r/n+/r/n）。應(yīng)該進行的處理是：/r/n（/r/nA/r/nBCDE/r/n）/r/nA/r/n急查血常規(guī)/r/nB/r/n急查血電解質(zhì)/r/nC/r/n降溫/r/nD/r/n腰椎穿刺腦脊液檢查/r/nE/r/n腰穿前靜滴甘露醇/r/n6/r/n、/r/n男嬰，/r/n5/r/n個月，生后人工喂養(yǎng)，經(jīng)常腹瀉，營養(yǎng)不良/r/nII/r/n度，/r/n5d/r/n前皮膚有膿癤，近/r/n3d/r/n發(fā)熱、咳嗽、昨起氣急，予紅霉素治療，今門診體檢發(fā)現(xiàn)兩肺有中、細水泡音，診斷為金葡菌肺炎住院。入院體溫：/r/n38.5°/r/nC/r/n，呼吸/r/n55/min/r/n，口周青紫，繼續(xù)用紅霉素并加用慶大霉素，下述各點中哪些是正確的(/r/nBCDE/r/n)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n住院第/r/n2/r/n天體溫降至/r/n35.5/r/nCC/r/n未用退熱劑)，呼吸/r/n55/min/r/n，/r/n血白細胞：/r/n3.5/r/nX/r/n10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，中性：/r/n0.68/r/n，淋巴：/r/n0.32/r/n，病情初步控制/r/nB/r/n、/r/n若并發(fā)肺大泡，一般不需外科治療/r/nC/r/n、/r/n經(jīng)治療體溫正常，胸片示病變吸收，不應(yīng)立即停藥/r/nD/r/n、/r/n當患兒出現(xiàn)氣急加重，呼吸音減低時要考慮并發(fā)膿胸或膿氣/r/n胸/r/nE/r/n、/r/n本病以兩肺廣泛的出血、壞死及多個膿腫形成為特點/r/n7/r/n、/r/n嬰幼兒重癥支氣管肺炎合并中毒性腦病的處理原則有(/r/nABCD/r/nE/r/n，/r/nA/r/n、/r/n20/r/n％甘露醇靜注降低顱內(nèi)壓/r/nB/r/n、/r/n氧氣吸入/r/nC/r/n、/r/n抽搐時用抗驚厥藥物/r/nD/r/n、/r/n抗生素加激素/r/nE/r/n、/r/n亞冬眠及能量合劑/r/n8/r/n、女孩，/r/n8/r/n個月。吃奶后頻繁嘔吐，眼神呆滯，意識模糊，前囟隆/r/n起。腦脊液檢查白細胞數(shù)/r/n900/r/nX/r/n106,/r/n糖/r/n2.0mmol/L,/r/n氯化物/r/n109mmol/L/r/n,/r/n蛋白/r/n0.72g/L/r/n，最可能的診斷是（/r/nB/r/n）/r/n流行性乙型腦炎/r/n化膿性腦膜炎/r/n金黃色輔萄球菌腦膜炎/r/n結(jié)核性腦膜炎/r/n隱球菌腦膜炎/r/n9/r/n、/r/n臨床死亡的特征應(yīng)除外/r/nB/r/nA/r/n呼吸停止/r/nB/r/n瞳孔縮小/r/nC/r/n腦電圖靜止/r/nD/r/n面色發(fā)紺/r/nE/r/n脈搏消失/r/n10/r/n、/r/n生存鏈是指心跳驟停發(fā)生后獲得最高存活得益于發(fā)病后盡快進行/r/n如下步驟，下列哪一種除外：/r/nE/r/nA/r/n識別早期危險信號/r/nB/r/n啟動/r/nEMS/r/n系統(tǒng)/r/nC/r/n基本/r/nCPR；/r/nD/r/n除顫/r/nE/r/n心電監(jiān)護/r/n11/r/n、下列哪項為錐體束損害的體征：/r/nKernig/r/n征/r/nLasegue/r/n征/r/nRomberg/r/n征/r/nBrudzinski/r/n征/r/nBabinski/r/n征/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n診斷淺昏迷最有價值的體征是：/r/n對呼叫無反應(yīng)/r/n對疼痛刺激無反應(yīng)/r/n眼球浮動/r/n角膜反射消失/r/nBahinski/r/n征（/r/n+/r/n）/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n13/r/n、/r/n一氧化碳中毒時首要治療方法：/r/n20%/r/n甘露醇/r/n250ml/r/n快速靜脈點滴/r/nATP/r/n注射/r/n冬眠療法/r/n血液透析/r/n氧氣療法/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n14/r/n、氧療不具有下列哪項作用：/r/n提高吸入氧濃度/r/n提高肺泡氣氧分壓/r/n提高外周動脈血的氧分壓/r/n

/r/n改善外周組織供氧/r/n改善肺部原發(fā)病/r/n15/r/n、有關(guān)院外急救過程，正確的說法是：/r/n對大量的傷員首先應(yīng)該進行分診/r/n成批傷搶救時所有傷員均應(yīng)盡快送至最近的醫(yī)院搶救/r/n對于一氧化碳中毒的病人應(yīng)就地搶救，不可搬動/r/n在現(xiàn)場對于所有的傷員均應(yīng)徹底體檢/r/n對于出血的病人均要用止血帶止血/r/nA/r/n16/r/n、/r/nCPR/r/n存活鏈的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)是：/r/n早期診斷/r/n早期/r/nCPR/r/n早期電擊除顫/r/n早期進一步生命支持/r/n早期腦復蘇/r/nC/r/n17/r/n、下列哪項癥狀與低血容量初期的臨床表現(xiàn)不相符：/r/n肢體發(fā)涼、冷汗/r/n心率增快/r/n脈壓差減小/r/n神志不清，表情淡漠/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n血壓正?；蚱?r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n18/r/n、當血鈣低于多少時即可引起手足抽搐發(fā)作/r/nA/r/n、/r/n1.5-1.63mmol/L/r/nB/r/n、/r/n1.63-1.75mmol/L/r/nC/r/n、/r/n1.75-1.88mmol/L/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n、/r/n1.88-2.0mmol/L/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n、/r/n2.0-2.13mmol/L/r/nC/r/n19/r/n、判斷心臟驟停最可靠的指征為/r/nA/r/n心電圖/r/nB/r/n血壓/r/nC/r/n神志和呼吸/r/nD/r/n瞳孔/r/nE/r/n口唇紫紺/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n20/r/n、院前急救任務(wù)不包括：/r/nA/r/n平時對呼救病人的院前急救/r/nB/r/n通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的樞紐任務(wù)/r/nC/r/n災難或戰(zhàn)爭時對遇難者的院外援救/r/nD/r/n高級生命支持/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n21/r/n、呼吸機濕化水的適宜溫度為/r/n30°C~32°C/r/nB./r/n31C~33C/r/n32C~35C/r/nC/r/nD/r/n案：/r/nB./r/n31C~33C/r/n32C~35C/r/nC/r/nD/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n22/r/n、正常中心靜脈壓為/r/nA．4~10cmHO/r/n2/r/nB．5~12cmHO/r/n2/r/nC．6~14cmHO/r/n2/r/nD．5~10cmHO/r/n2/r/nB/r/n33C~36C/r/n答案：/r/n23/r/n、急性腎衰竭少尿期電解質(zhì)紊亂最危險的是/r/n低血鈉/r/n低血鈣/r/n高血磷/r/n高血鉀/r/n答案：/r/n高血鎂/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n24/r/n、胸外心臟按壓的指征是/r/n新生兒心率＜/r/n60/r/n次/分/r/n新生兒心率＜/r/n80/r/n次/分/r/n年長兒心率＜/r/n40/r/n次/分/r/n年長兒心率＜/r/n40/r/n次/分，無呼吸/r/n答案：/r/n年長兒心率＜/r/n50/r/n次/分/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n25/r/n、急性腎炎患兒在早期突然發(fā)生驚厥，可能性最大的是/r/n高熱驚厥/r/n低鈣驚厥/r/n低鈉血癥/r/n高血壓腦病/r/n中毒性腦病/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n26/r/n、急性腎炎合并急性腎功能不全時的臨床表現(xiàn)/r/n嚴重少尿或尿閉/r/n氮質(zhì)血癥/r/n高鉀血癥/r/n代謝性酸中毒/r/n以上均是/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n27/r/n、急性腎功能不全有尿少、尿閉者，靜脈速尿的常用劑量是/r/nl-5mg/（kg/r/n?次）/r/n6-10mg/（kg/r/n?次）/r/n0.1-0.2mg/（kg/r/n?次）/r/n0.5-1mg/（kg/r/n?次）/r/n0.3-0.5/r/nmg/（kg/r/n?次）/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n28/r/n、/r/n7/r/n歲腎病綜合癥患兒，激素治療/r/n6/r/n周，/r/n2/r/n天前進食水果后腹瀉，/r/n1/r/n天前出現(xiàn)水腫加劇，嗜睡，四肢涼，血壓/r/n80/50mmHg,/r/n此患兒可能的診斷是：/r/n腎靜脈血栓/r/n中毒性腦病/r/n低鈣血癥/r/n腎上腺危象/r/n低鉀血癥/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n29/r/n、/r/n8/r/n歲患兒，水腫/r/n2/r/n月，在外院診斷為原發(fā)性腎病綜合癥，用潑尼松治療/r/n4/r/n周，現(xiàn)尿蛋白仍+++?；純阂恢睘榈望}飲食，間斷用呋塞米，/r/n2/r/n天前出現(xiàn)嘔吐、腹瀉，/r/n1/r/n天來患兒開始厭食、乏力、嗜睡、血壓下降。此患兒首先應(yīng)做的檢查是：/r/n血常規(guī)/r/n尿常規(guī)/r/n血氣分析/r/n血清電解質(zhì)/r/n頭顱/r/nCT/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n30/r/n、/r/n10/r/n歲女孩，因水腫、少尿/r/n7/r/n天入院。入院后病情逐漸加重，每/r/n日尿量/r/n30ml,/r/n水腫明顯，精神差，呼吸延長，經(jīng)治療/r/n4/r/n周仍不緩解，/r/n臨床考慮為急進性腎炎?，F(xiàn)處理的重點是：/r/n5%/r/n碳酸氫鈉糾正酸中毒/r/n用頭孢三嗪/r/n環(huán)磷酰胺沖擊/r/n保證液體入量/r/n甲潑尼松龍沖擊答案：/r/nE/r/n31/r/n、/r/n急性有機磷中毒發(fā)生肺水腫的治療：/r/n西地蘭/r/n速尿/r/n甲強龍/r/n阿托品答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n32/r/n、/r/n下列哪項是喉頭水腫的臨床表現(xiàn)：/r/n吸氣性呼吸困難/r/n呼氣性呼吸困難/r/n混合性呼吸困難/r/n以上都不是/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n33/r/n、/r/n關(guān)于結(jié)扎止血帶/r/n,/r/n下列哪項是錯誤的：/r/n結(jié)扎止血帶前/r/n,/r/n應(yīng)先加襯墊/r/n手斷離后/r/n,/r/n止血帶應(yīng)結(jié)扎在上臂的中段/r/n每隔/r/n40~50/r/n秒/r/n,/r/n放松/r/n2~3/r/n次/r/n結(jié)扎不要過緊或過松/r/n,/r/n遠端動脈搏動消失即可/r/n標明結(jié)扎止血帶的時間答案/r/nC/r/n34/r/n、/r/nICU/r/n的床位數(shù)根據(jù)收治患者的范圍而不同，一般占醫(yī)院總床位數(shù)的/r/nA．1%~2%/r/nB．2%~3%/r/nC．3%~4%/r/nD./r/n4%~5%/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n35/r/n、/r/n徒手心肺復蘇時（雙人）心臟按壓與人工呼吸的頻率比例宜：/r/nA5:1/r/nB5:2/r/nC15:1/r/nD15:2/r/nE30:2/r/n答案/r/nE/r/n36/r/n、/r/n男，/r/n12/r/n歲，因溺水出現(xiàn)心臟驟停，心電監(jiān)護示一直線，有雙人參與搶救，除如下哪種搶救措施外，其余措施均可采??？/r/nA/r/n、/r/n胸外按壓/r/nB/r/n、/r/n人工呼吸/r/nC/r/n、/r/n電除顫/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心臟起博/r/nE/r/n、/r/n氣管插管/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n37/r/n、.對重癥中暑的急救降溫原則是/r/n2/r/n小時內(nèi)使直腸溫度降至/r/n37°C~38°C/r/n2/r/n小時內(nèi)使直腸溫度降至/r/n37.8C~38.9C/r/n4/r/n小時內(nèi)使直腸溫度降至/r/n37C~38C/r/n1/r/n小時內(nèi)使直腸溫度降至/r/n37.8C~38.9C/r/n答案:/r/nD/r/n38/r/n、/r/n急性脊髓炎最易受累的節(jié)段是/r/n頸段/r/n上胸段/r/n下胸段/r/n腰段/r/n尾段/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n39/r/n、/r/n急性腎衰竭多見下列哪項降低/r/n血磷/r/n血鉀/r/n血尿素氮/r/n血漿/r/nHCO/r/n3/r/n血膽固醇/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n40/r/n、男、/r/n3/r/n個月，咳嗽、氣急/r/n10/r/n天，痰較多。入院后予以頭罩吸氧，測血氣分析示/r/nPaO115mmHg，PaCO68mmHg，pH/r/n7.28/r/n。對該患兒酸/r/n22/r/n堿狀態(tài)的評估可能性最大的是/r/n代謝性酸中毒（呼吸部分代償）/r/n代謝性酸中毒+呼吸性酸中毒/r/n呼吸性酸中毒（腎臟部分代償）/r/n呼吸性堿中毒（單純腎臟代償）/r/n代謝性堿中毒（呼吸部分代償）/r/n答案：/r/nC/r/n41/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n1/r/n歲，因水腫、尿少/r/n10/r/n天入院。血壓/r/n120/90mmHg,/r/n貧血貌，血白細胞/r/n8.7X10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，血紅蛋白/r/n56g/L/r/n，血小板/r/n51X10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，網(wǎng)織紅細胞/r/n6.3%,/r/n尿蛋白/r/n（+++）,/r/n紅細胞/r/n3~5/r/n個/r/n/HP,/r/n血尿素氮/r/n18.9mmol/L/r/n。/r/n該患兒最可能的診斷是：/r/n急性腎炎/r/n先天性腎病綜合癥/r/nIgA/r/n腎病/r/n溶血尿毒綜合癥/r/nAlport/r/n綜合征/r/n答案:/r/nD/r/n42/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n4/r/n歲，高熱/r/n3/r/n小時，抽搐/r/n3/r/n次，神志不清，血壓/r/n60/40mmHg，/r/n該患兒來集鎮(zhèn)后應(yīng)首先做以下哪項檢查/r/n腰椎穿刺和腦脊液檢查/r/n頭顱/r/nCT/r/n鹽水通便灌腸，檢查大便常規(guī)/r/n血涂片找病原菌/r/nE./r/n腦電圖檢查答案/r/nC/r/n43/r/n、下列哪項對鑒別流腦和乙腦最有意義/r/n發(fā)病季節(jié)/r/n明顯腦膜刺激征/r/n高熱、頭痛、嘔吐、昏迷/r/n皮膚瘀點、瘀斑/r/n外周血白細胞顯著增高，中性粒細胞比例增高答案：/r/nD/r/n44/r/n、女、/r/n7/r/n天，足月順產(chǎn)，無窒息搶救史，/r/n3/r/n天來反復抽搐，呼吸急促。胸部/r/nX/r/n線片示肺炎，未見胸腺影，診斷為胸腺發(fā)育不全。該患兒抽搐的原因以下哪種可能性最大/r/n低鎂血癥/r/n化膿性腦膜炎/r/n缺血缺氧性腦病/r/n甲狀旁腺功能低下致低鈣血癥/r/n低鈉血癥/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n45/r/n、男，/r/n10/r/n歲，突發(fā)胸痛/r/n5/r/n小時。查體：氣促，左肺叩診鼓音，呼/r/n吸音消失。胸部/r/nX/r/n線片提示：左側(cè)氣胸占胸腔/r/n80%/r/n，對該患兒最恰當?shù)奶幚頌?r/n吸氧/r/n胸腔穿刺抽氣/r/n胸腔閉式引流/r/n保守治療/r/n手術(shù)治療答案：/r/nC/r/n46/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n10/r/n歲，為/r/nI/r/n型糖尿病患者，/r/n2/r/n天前出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱，伴咳嗽，惡心、嘔吐，今日起出現(xiàn)腹痛伴乏力，精神萎靡，嗜睡，診斷為“糖尿病酮癥酸中毒”。此時對該患兒宜進行下列哪項治療方案/r/n小劑量胰島素，生理鹽水靜脈滴注/r/n5%/r/n碳酸氫鈉靜脈滴注/r/n小劑量胰島素，/r/n5%/r/n葡萄糖靜脈滴注/r/n小劑量胰島素，/r/n5%/r/n葡萄糖鹽水靜脈滴注/r/n小劑量胰島素靜脈注射及皮下注射答案：/r/nA/r/n47/r/n、/r/n女、/r/n5/r/n天，/r/n2/r/n天來拒奶、不哭、少動。查體：體溫/r/n35/r/n度，面頰、四肢皮膚暗紅色，僵硬。為使患兒復溫，最適宜的方法是/r/n立即放入/r/n37~38/r/n度的暖箱中/r/n立即放入/r/n37~38/r/n度的溫水中行溫水浴/r/n立即放入/r/n30~32/r/n度的溫箱中復溫/r/n立即放入比其體溫高/r/n1~2/r/n度的暖箱中，每小時提高/r/n0.5~1/r/n度/r/n在一般病室中自然復溫答案：/r/nD/r/n48/r/n、當急性腎炎出現(xiàn)血壓急劇升高或高血壓腦病時，首選的降壓措施為/r/n利舍平肌注/r/n肼苯達嗪口服或肌注/r/n肼苯達嗪與氫氯噻嗪合用/r/n甲基多巴胺口服/r/n硝普鈉靜滴答案：/r/nE/r/n49/r/n、小兒肺炎發(fā)生心力衰竭的病理生理機制主要是/r/n肺動脈高壓增加和中毒性心肌炎/r/n高熱致心率增快/r/n高血壓/r/n貧血加重心臟負擔/r/n病原體毒素作用于心肌/r/n答案/r/nA/r/n50/r/n、男、/r/n3/r/n歲，診斷為化膿性腦膜炎，經(jīng)治療仍高熱不退，今天反復驚厥不止，呼吸不規(guī)則，前囟膨隆張力高。此時不應(yīng)立即給予下列處/r/n

/r/nA./r/n物理降溫/r/nB./r/n腰椎穿刺放腦脊液以降低顱內(nèi)壓/r/nC./r/n地西泮緩慢靜脈注射止痙/r/nD./r/n地塞米松靜脈注射減輕腦水腫/r/nE./r/n甘露醇快速靜脈點滴降低顱內(nèi)壓/r/nA./r/n物理降溫/r/nB./r/n腰椎穿刺放腦脊液以降低顱內(nèi)壓/r/nC./r/n地西泮緩慢靜脈注射止痙/r/nD./r/n地塞米松靜脈注射減輕腦水腫/r/nE./r/n甘露醇快速靜脈點滴降低顱內(nèi)壓/r/n案：/r/nB/r/n51/r/n、固體藥物的吸收時間大約是/r/n5/r/n小時內(nèi)/r/n10/r/n分鐘內(nèi)/r/n1-2/r/n小時內(nèi)/r/n30/r/n分鐘內(nèi)/r/n1/r/n小時內(nèi)答案：/r/nC/r/n52/r/n、解救新斯的明中毒的藥物是/r/n5%/r/n活性炭/r/n注射阿托品/r/n注射安定/r/n注射安乃近/r/n注射利多卡因答/r/n案：/r/nB/r/n53/r/n、洗胃時正確的是/r/n所有中毒必須洗胃/r/n洗出液量約/r/n3-5/r/n升/r/n僅需一次洗胃/r/n不明原因中都時多用洗胃液是葡萄糖/r/n洗胃后可將活性炭加水注入胃中答案：/r/nE/r/n54/r/n、關(guān)于小兒中毒的說法不正確的是/r/n有多種中毒途徑/r/n中毒是兒科急診的常見病之一/r/n中毒常為急性/r/n是一種病理過程/r/n慢性中毒一般不需處理/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n55/r/n、現(xiàn)場急救的基本措施不包括：/r/n預防窒息/r/n止血/r/n包扎/r/n固定/r/n輸液治療/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n56/r/n、心肺復蘇四大技術(shù)不包括以下哪項：/r/n口對口人工呼吸/r/n胸外按壓/r/n氧療/r/n復蘇藥物/r/n除顫/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n57/r/n、全心衰屬于哪一類型紫紺/r/nC/r/nA/r/n中心性紫紺/r/nB/r/n周圍性紫紺/r/nC/r/n混合性紫紺/r/nD/r/n以上都不是/r/n58/r/n、高熱是指體溫超過/r/nC/r/nA37°/r/nC/r/nB38/r/n?/r/n2/r/nC/r/nC39.1/r/nC/r/nD41/r/nC/r/n59/r/n、搶救過敏性休克時/r/n,/r/n應(yīng)首先選用/r/nD/r/nA/r/n多巴胺/r/nB/r/n地塞米松/r/nC/r/n異丙嗪/r/nD/r/n腎上腺素/r/nE/r/n鈣劑/r/n60/r/n、判斷心臟驟停最可靠的指征為/r/nA/r/nA/r/n心電圖/r/nB/r/n血壓/r/nC/r/n神志和呼吸/r/nD/r/n瞳孔/r/nE/r/n口唇紫紺/r/n61/r/n、開放性骨折的正確處理方法為/r/nA/r/nA/r/n必須先將骨的斷端還納后/r/n,/r/n再止血、包扎、固定/r/nB/r/n先止血、再固定、最后包扎。/r/nC/r/n立即復位后/r/n,/r/n再止血、固定、包扎。/r/nD/r/n止血、包扎后、不固定也可以。/r/nE/r/n先止血、再包扎、最后固定。/r/n62/r/n、異物插入體內(nèi)/r/n,/r/n現(xiàn)場應(yīng)立即/r/nC/r/nA/r/n拔除異物/r/n,/r/n填塞止血后送往醫(yī)院/r/nB/r/n拔除異物/r/n,/r/n加壓包扎止血后送往醫(yī)院/r/nC/r/n不拔除異物/r/n,/r/n采取簡單固定包扎措施后送往醫(yī)院/r/nD/r/n不要延誤/r/n,/r/n立即將傷員送往醫(yī)院/r/nE/r/n以上方法均正確/r/n多選題：/r/n63/r/n、頭痛伴神志障礙者可見于/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n高熱/r/nB/r/n顱內(nèi)出血/r/nC/r/n腦炎/r/nD/r/n腦膜炎/r/n64/r/n、/r/n血液成分異常所致的暈厥常見原因/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n低血糖狀態(tài)/r/nB/r/n過度換氣綜合征/r/nC/r/n重度貧血/r/nD/r/n高原性暈厥/r/n65/r/n、/r/n小兒腹痛常見于/r/n(ABC)/r/nA/r/n腸蛔蟲/r/nB/r/n腸套疊/r/nC/r/n嵌頓性疝/r/nD/r/n消化性潰瘍/r/n66/r/n、/r/n局麻藥的中毒反應(yīng)的原因/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n一次用藥超過最大劑量/r/nB/r/n、/r/n藥物誤入血管內(nèi)/r/nC/r/n、/r/n注射部位血管豐富，或藥內(nèi)未加腎上腺素/r/nD/r/n、/r/n病人對局麻醉藥過敏/r/n67/r/n、/r/n口對口人工呼吸的正確操作方法/r/n(AC)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n使病人頭后仰，托起下頜/r/nB/r/n、/r/n術(shù)者深吸一口氣，對準病人口部用力吹入/r/nC/r/n、每分鐘吹氣/r/n6--8/r/n次/r/n//r/n分/r/nD/r/n、/r/n僅一人進行復蘇時，每做心臟按壓/r/n15/r/n次大力吹氣兩口，交替/r/n進行/r/n68/r/n、有關(guān)燒傷的病程哪些是正確的？/r/n(ABD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n體液從血管滲出/r/n6/r/n—/r/n8/r/n小時最快/r/nB/r/n、/r/n36-48/r/n小時滲出達高峰/r/nC/r/n、/r/n48-72/r/n小時轉(zhuǎn)入吸收期/r/nD/r/n、/r/n3-7/r/n天后水腫漸漸消退/r/n69/r/n、/r/n高血鉀癥的處理原則為/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n防治心律失常/r/nB/r/n、/r/n降低血清鉀濃度/r/nC/r/n、/r/n停止鉀鹽攝入/r/nD/r/n、/r/n改善腎功能/r/n70/r/n、/r/n低鉀血癥有下列哪些臨床表現(xiàn)/r/n(ABC)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n軟無力/r/nB/r/n、/r/n腹脹/r/nC/r/n、/r/n血鉀濃度低于/r/n3.5mmol/L/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心電圖/r/nT/r/n波高而尖/r/n71/r/n、/r/n清創(chuàng)術(shù)是一種用手術(shù)處理新鮮傷口的方法，其原則為/r/n(ABCD)/r/n受傷后/r/n6~8/r/n小時內(nèi)清創(chuàng)者應(yīng)作一期縫合/r/n面、頸部傷口即使超過/r/n24/r/n小時，清創(chuàng)后應(yīng)考慮縫合/r/n關(guān)節(jié)附近或有大血管、神經(jīng)等暴露的傷口，清創(chuàng)后應(yīng)縫合/r/n污染嚴重的傷口，清創(chuàng)后可作延期縫合/r/n72/r/n、臨床上心外按壓的有效表現(xiàn)是/r/n(ABCD)/r/n擠壓心臟時大動脈處摸到搏動/r/n口唇由紫紺轉(zhuǎn)為紅潤/r/n散大的瞳孔開始縮小/r/n收縮壓超過/r/n60mmHg/r/n73/r/n、/r/n原發(fā)性腦損傷指頭部外傷時立即發(fā)生的腦損傷，臨床主要包括/r/n（/r/nACDE/r/n）/r/n腦震蕩/r/n腦水腫/r/n腦挫裂傷/r/n腦血腫/r/n腦干損傷/r/n74/r/n、/r/n休克病人補液，輸液速度和數(shù)量最可靠的依據(jù)是：/r/nB/r/n根據(jù)喪失的液體量/r/n尿量與中心靜脈壓測定/r/n尿量/r/n血壓與脈搏/r/n頸靜脈充盈情況/r/n75/r/n、/r/n中暑高熱時最合適的低壓灌腸溶液為：/r/nD/r/n4°C/r/n氯化鈉溶液/r/n+/r/n冰醋酸/r/nO°/r/nC/r/n生理鹽水/r/n+/r/n食醋/r/n4/r/nC/r/n肥皂水/r/n+/r/n阿司匹林/r/n4/r/nC/r/n葡萄糖水/r/n+/r/n氯丙嗪/r/n50/r/n%/r/n硫酸鎂溶/r/n100ml/r/n76/r/n、洗胃結(jié)束后向胃內(nèi)注入少許石蠟油的目的是：/r/nA/r/n保護胃黏膜/r/n便于胃管拔出/r/n中和殘留毒物/r/n防止胃出血/r/n潤滑腸內(nèi)食物殘渣便于排出/r/n77/r/n、/r/n診斷重度脫水的主要依據(jù)是：/r/nE/r/nA/r/n、/r/n精神極度萎靡/r/nB/r/n、/r/n皮膚彈性差/r/nC/r/n、/r/n眼眶和前囟明顯凹陷/r/nD/r/n、/r/n尿少，哭無淚/r/nE/r/n、/r/n四肢厥冷、皮膚花紋、脈細弱等循環(huán)衰竭的表現(xiàn)/r/n78/r/n、/r/n對脫水性質(zhì)的認識，下列哪項是錯誤的：/r/nD/r/nA/r/n、/r/n是指現(xiàn)存體液滲透壓的改變/r/nB/r/n、/r/n常以血清鈉濃度來表示細胞外液滲透壓/r/nC/r/n、/r/n嬰兒腹瀉以等滲性脫水最常見/r/nD/r/n、/r/n低滲性脫水時可引起腦血管擴張充血/r/nE/r/n、/r/n等滲性脫水細胞內(nèi)液量無明顯改變/r/n79/r/n、/r/n下列哪項不符合嚴重低鉀血癥的臨床表現(xiàn)：/r/nD/r/nA/r/n、/r/n腹脹明顯、腸鳴音減少/r/nB/r/n、/r/n四肢軟弱、腱反射消失/r/nC/r/n、/r/nCO/r/n2/r/nCP/r/n可升高/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心電圖/r/nT/r/n波低平，出現(xiàn)/r/nU/r/n波，/r/nQ—T/r/n間期縮短/r/nE/r/n、/r/n心音低鈍，嚴重者可出現(xiàn)心律失常/r/n80/r/n、/r/n嬰兒病毒性肺炎臨床癥狀最重的是：/r/nC/r/nA/r/n、/r/n鼻病毒肺炎/r/nB/r/n、/r/n副流感病毒肺炎/r/nC/r/n、/r/n腺病毒肺炎/r/nD/r/n、/r/n合胞病毒肺炎/r/nE/r/n、/r/n腸道病毒肺炎/r/n81/r/n、/r/n肺炎合并心力衰竭治療過程中若出現(xiàn)低鈣抽搐，應(yīng)在西地蘭應(yīng)用后多長時間方能補充鈣劑/r/nB/r/nTOC\o"1-5"\h\z/r/nA/r/n、/r/n2h/r/nB/r/n、/r/n4h/r/nC/r/n、/r/n8h/r/nD/r/n、/r/n12h/r/nE/r/n、/r/n24h/r/n82/r/n、/r/n肺炎患兒鼻前庭導管給氧，氧流量和氧濃度的選擇是（/r/nA/r/n）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n0.5~lL/min/r/n，氧濃度/r/nV40%/r/nB/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n2~4L/min/r/n，氧濃度/r/nV60%/r/nC/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n5~6L/min/r/n，氧濃度/r/nV70%/r/nD/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n7/r/n~8L/min/r/n，氧濃度/r/nV80%/r/nE/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n9~10L/min，/r/n氧濃度/r/nV90%/r/n83/r/n、/r/n肺炎合并心衰不能進食時每日的補液量為（/r/nA）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n60/r/n?/r/n80ml/(kg?d)/r/nB/r/n、/r/n〉/r/n80ml/(kg?d)/r/nC/r/n、/r/n嚴格限制，越少越好/r/nD/r/n、/r/n100/r/n?/r/n120/r/nml/(kg?d)/r/nE/r/n、/r/n120/r/n?/r/n150ml/(kg?d)/r/n84/r/n、/r/n1/r/n歲患兒，重癥營養(yǎng)不良，突然發(fā)生面色灰白，神志不清，脈搏減慢，呼吸暫停等，應(yīng)首先考慮/r/n(/r/nC/r/n)/r/n心力衰竭/r/n低血鈉癥/r/n低血糖癥/r/n低血鈣癥/r/n繼發(fā)感染/r/n85/r/n、/r/n6/r/n個月患兒，重度營養(yǎng)不良，腹瀉/r/n10/r/n多天，大便呈蛋花湯樣，每天/r/n8/r/n?/r/n10/r/n次，量多，口渴不明顯，尿量極少，精神萎靡，皮膚彈性極差，可見花紋。應(yīng)考慮診斷為(/r/nD/r/n)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n重度等張性脫水/r/nB/r/n、/r/n中度等張性脫水/r/nC/r/n、/r/n中度低滲性脫水/r/nD/r/n、/r/n重度低滲性脫水/r/nE/r/n、/r/n中度高滲性脫水/r/n86/r/n、/r/n8/r/n個月嬰兒，腹瀉/r/n4/r/n天，尿很少，精神萎靡，呼吸深長，皮膚發(fā)花，彈性差，前囟、眼眶明顯凹陷，肢冷脈弱，心率/r/n160/r/n次/r/n//r/n分，心/r/n音低鈍，考慮診斷為（/r/nA/r/n）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n重度脫水/r/n+/r/n酸中毒/r/nB/r/n、/r/n中度脫水/r/n+/r/n酸中毒/r/n+/r/n心力衰竭/r/nC/r/n、/r/n重度脫水/r/n+/r/n低鉀血癥/r/nD/r/n、/r/n中度脫水/r