新高考全國(guó)一卷英語(yǔ)模擬試卷一

2021-2022新高考全國(guó)一卷英語(yǔ)模擬試卷一第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHaveyoueverheardsomeonesayyoutotallylooklikeyou'reaJessica"orsomethingsimilar?Peopleseemtothinkthattheyknowwhatkindofpersona"Jessica"ora"Michael"lookslike.Whyisthis?AccordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,humanstendtoassociatepeople'snameswiththeirappearance,andcanevenguesssomeone'snamebasedonhowtheylook.ResearchersattheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel,collectedthousandsofphotosofpeople'sfaces.Theylabeledeachphotowithfournames.Then,theyaskedvolunteerstoguesswhichofthefournameswascorrect.Thevolunteerswereabletoguesstherightname38percentofthetime.Itseemsthatcertaincharacteristicsoffacesgivethemcluesaboutsomeone'sname,Reader'sDigestreported.However,thisonlyworkedwhenthevolunteerslookedatnamesfromtheirownculture.Inaddition,thevolunteerswerenotasgoodatguessingtherealnamesofpeoplewhousednicknames(綽號(hào))moreoftenthantheirrealnames.Thismayshowthataperson'sappearanceisaffectedbytheirnameonlyiftheyuseitoften.Thiskindofface-namematchinghappens"becauseofaprocessofself-fulfillingprophecy(自我實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)言),aswebecomewhatotherpeopleexpectustobecome."RuthMayofromtheuniversitytoldsciencenewswebsiteEurekAlert.Earlierstudieshaveshownthatgenderandracestereotypes(刻板印象)canaffectaperson'sappearance.Theresearchersbelievetherearealsosimilarstereotypesaboutnames.Forexample,peopletendtothinkthatmennamedBobshouldhaverounderfacesbecausetheworditselflooksround.PeoplemaythinkthatwomennamedRosearebeautiful.Theyexpectthemtobe“delicate”and“feminine(女性的)”,justliketheflowertheyarenamedfor.1.Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A.Tofindouttoday'smostpopularEnglishnames.B.Tolearnhownamesinfluencepersonality.C.Tofindoutwhethernamesrelatetolooks.D.Toshowhowmen'snamesaredifferentfromwomen's.2.Whatcanweinferfromthestudy?A.Volunteersfounditeasiertoguessnicknamescorrectly.B.Namesmayhavedifferentassociationsindifferentcultures.C.Volunteerscouldguessthecharacteristicsofthosepeople.D.Thepeopleinthephotosandvolunteerswerefromthesamecountry.3.AccordingtoRuthMayo,whydosomepeoplelookliketheirnames?A.Becausetheytendtobecomewhatothersexpectthemtobecome.B.Becausetheywanttopleaseeveryonearoundthem.C.Becausetheydon'twanttobedifferentfromothers.D.Becausetheyliketocopyfamouspeoplewhosharethesamename.BHeatingandcoolingequipmentarethebiggestusersofenergyinAmericanhomes.Andhomesareresponsibleforaboutonefourthofthenation'stotalenergyuse.Buttherearesurprisinglysimplewaystodeeplycutenergyuse,itseffectontheenvironmentanditscost.DavidPeabodyandhisteamatPeabodyArchitectsdesignpassivehomes.Hesaysthedesignofapassivehouseaimstoreduceenergydemandtoitslowestpossiblelevel.Passivehousesusenosolar,geothermalorwindenergyequipment.Buttheyareextremelyenergyefficient.MrPeabodysayspassivehousescutheatingandcoolingcostsbyabout90percent.Butwhatsetshisdesignapartfromother"greenhomes"isthatitlookslikeanyotherhome.PeabodyArchitectssaysitisbuildingthefirstpassivehomeintheWashingtonD.C.area.Butitwillnotbethelast.InArlington,Virginia,RogerLinandhisbrotherEricarealsobuildingone.RogerLinofSouthernExposureHomesexplainsthatwindowsaresealedagainstleaksandhavethreelayersofglass.Thewindowsareairtight.Onacoldwinterday,thetemperatureinsidetheunfinishedhomeisatcomfortable12degrees,or50degreesFahrenheit.DavidPeabodysaysyoucanfindpassivehousesallovertheworld.DAVIDPEABODY:“NorthAfrica,forexample,hasapassivehousecommunitydesignedforveryhotdryclimates."ThefirstpassivedesignwasanapartmentbuildinginDarmstadt,Germany.Twophysicistshelpeddevelopitabout20yearsago.Passivehousesusesomespecializedmaterials.Theseincludeprecastconcretepanelsandinsulation(隔熱材料）.Theyalsoneedtohavespecialairtreatmentsystems.Supporterssaytheycostonlyaboutfiveoreightpercentmorethantraditionalhomes.Buttheyuse10percentoftheenergyforheatingandcooling.4.Whichofthefollowingistheadvantageofpassivehouses?A.Theyareextremelyenergyefficient.B.Theylookmuchliketheotherhouses.C.Theycostmuchlessthantraditionalhouses.D,Theyaremorecomfortablethanotherhouses.5.PeoplearebuildingorlivinginpassivehomesinthefollowingplacesEXCEPTA.Arlington B.MexicoC.NorthAfrica D.Germany6.Whatcanbeimpliedinthepassage?A.Passivehomesarespeciallybuiltforwinteruse.B.Passivehomescanbefoundeverywhereintheworld.C."Greenhomes"differfromtraditionalhomesintheirappearances.D.Theconstructionofpassivehomestakesadvantageofhightechnology.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardpassivehomes?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.CParentsaroundtheworldoftenurgechildrenoverandover—washyourhands!Itcanbedifficult,however,togetchildrentoremembertowash.Butwhatifwashinghandswasconnectedtoafun,creativeactivity?Whatifinsteadofsimplyreachingforthesoap,amachinecoulddropitrightintoyourhands?Well,suchamachinewasrecentlybuiltbyaboyandhissisterintheUSstateofMarylandaspartofacreativecompetition.Thenot-for-profitRubeGoldbergOrganizationisholdingthecompetition.Everyyear,theRubeGoldbergcompetitionassignsaspecifictask,consideringinventionsthatusecomplexsystemstocarryoutasimpleeverydaytask.Atfirst,thetaskfor2020wassupposedtobe“turnonalight”.ButwhentheCOVID-19happened,thetaskwaschangedto“dropabarofsoapintosomeone’shand”.Thosetakingpartinthecompetitionareschoolchildren.Butwithschoolsclosedtoslowthespreadofthevirus,organizerschangedtherules.Thisyear,theteamcanincludeanyfamilymembersandpeoplewereaskedtosendinrecordingsofthemachinestocompete.Onethinghasnotchanged:Themachinemustcompletethetaskinlessthan10steps.InMaryland,theDielfamilywantedtoenter.So,CaitlinandherbrotherBendesignedandbuilttheirownRubeGoldbergmachine.Next,theyhadtodemonstratethatitcouldcompletethetask—throwingthesoapjustrighttobecaughtinsomeone’shand.After106failedattempts,theyfinallyhadsuccess.Withtheirvideodemonstration,theycannowenterthecompetition.DrAnneGlowinskiteacheschildpsychiatry(精神病學(xué))atWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.Shesaidthat“creativityandplay”connectswithchildren.Itisbetterthanthemessage—“Wehavetowashourhandsbecauseofthishorriblevirus,”Glowinskiadded.8.WhatmightbeataskofinventionsassignedbytheRubeGoldbergcompetition?A.Sweepingthefloor. B.Exploringnature.C.Writinganovel. D.Paintingthehouse.9.Whatchangehasbeenmadetotherulesofthecompetitionthisyear?A.Allkindsofinventionsareadmitted. B.Avideooftheentryisqualifiedtoenter.C.Teachersareencouragedtogetinvolved. D.Thetaskmustbefinishedwithin10steps.10.WhatdoesGlowinskithinkoftheinvention?A.Practical. B.Unnecessary. C.Economical. D.Complicated.11.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvocatethehabitofwashinghands.B.Tocallonschoolchildrentocompeteinacontest.C.Toencouragemoreinventionsfromeverydayitems.D.Tointroduceacontestmakinghandwashingfunforkids.DTheaveragebear,itseems,isgettingeversmarter.First,itturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount,too.JenniferVonk,ofOaklandUniversity,inMichigan,andMichaelBeran,fromGeorgiaStateUniversity,setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots(點(diǎn))onacomputerscreen.Inreturnforafoodreward,onebear,Brutus,wouldtouchthemoreheavilydottedpatternwithhisnose.Theothers,BellaandDusty,wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws(爪子).AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehaviour,thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears’distinguishingthedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However,thethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.Movingpatterns,whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen,weremoreofachallenge.ButBrutus,atleast,wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesametime.Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyare,however,alwaysalone,andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhaps,then,theirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcountontheirfriendsforhelp.12.Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?A.Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.B.Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.C.Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.D.Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.13.Forthebears,thetaskwaseasierwhen.

A.thecoloureddotsweremovingslowly B.thedotpatternswereregularinshapeC.thedotsfollowedapathonthescreen D.moredotscoveredalargercolouredarea14.Whatmayexplainthebears’highdegreeofintelligence?A.Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals. B.Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.C.Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood. D.Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BearsTaughttoDistinguishColours B.NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFoundC.ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCount D.TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutus第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Foralongtime,sportshavebeenviewedasawaytostayhealthyandinshape,buttheirimportancegoesmuchfurther.Fromasocialstandpoint,sportsareapowerfultoolthatbringspeopletogetherandcreatesasenseofcommunity._____16_____Asaninternationalstudent,playingpick-upbasketballatthegymwasthefastestandeasiestwaytomakefriends.Asastudent,Ihadverychallengingclassesandoccasionallyhadtodealwithbadhomeworkormidtermgrades.IlearnedthatIamnotalwaysgoingtogettheresultsthatIwant,butnomatterwhat,Ihavetopersevereandnotgiveup._____17_____Inadditiontothat,exercisingisagreatwaytogetoutofthestressfulcollegelifethatisallabouthomework,presentations,andgroupprojects._____18_____IpersonallythinkthatIwouldgocrazywithoutgoingtothegymatleastthreetimesaweek.Thereasonmoststudentsdonotplaysportsisbecausetheyfeellazyaboutitanddon'thavetheenergyforit._____19_____Asamatteroffact,exercisepumpsmoreoxygenthroughyourbloodandmakesyourentiresystemmoreactive._____20_____Besidesjustbeingfun,sportscanhelpyouperformbetterinschool,relaxmoreandworryless,dealwithsetbacks,workbetterwithothersandincreaseyourenergy.A.Tosumup,playingcollegesportshassomeseriousbenefits.B.Inshort,playingsportscanhelpstudentsbecomemoreenergetic.C.Theyhelpedmegetonverywellwithmyteachersandclassmates.D.Infact,playingsportshelpsstudentsrelaxandreducetheiranxiety.E.SportsgavemeapositiveattitudewhereIseefallingasawaytolearn.F.Theydevelopconnectionsthatbondtogetherpeoplefromallwalksoflife.G.However,thebeliefthattheintenseexercisewillleaveyouexhaustediswrong.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）HedyLamarr-GoldenAgeFilmActressandInventorofFrequency-HoppingTechnologyHedyLamarrwasafilmactressofJewishheritageduringMGM's"GoldenAge",Considered"themostbeautifulwomanintheworld",Lamarr21thesilverscreenwithstarslikeClarkGableandSpencerTracy.YetLamarrwasmuchmorethana22actress.Sheisalso23withinventingfrequency-hoppingtechnology(跳頻技術(shù)).HedyLamarrwasbornonNovember9,1914,inVienna,Austria.Lamarr'sfatherloved24andwouldexplainhoweverythingfromstreetcarstoprintingpressesworked.His25nodoubtledtoLamarr'sowninterestfortechnologylaterinlife.FromFrance,shewentontoLondon,whereshemetLouisB.Mayer,whoofferedheranactingcontractintheUnitedStates.Lamarrwentontomakemanyother26withHollywood.OneofLamarr'sgreatest27wasthatpeoplerarely28herintelligence.Lamarrwasa29giftedmathematician(數(shù)學(xué)家)andduringhermarriagetoMandlshehadbecome30withconceptsrelatedtomilitarytechnology.InthemidstofWorldWarⅡ,radio-guidedtorpedoes(魚雷)didnothaveahighsuccessratewhenitcameto31theirtargets.Lamarrthoughtfrequencyhoppingwouldmakeit32forenemiestonoticeatorpedoor33itssignal.ShesharedherideawithacomposernamedGeorgeAntheil,andtogethertheysubmittedherideatotheUSPatentOffice.ThoughLamarr'sconceptwouldcompletely34technology,atthetimethemilitarydidnotwanttoacceptmilitaryadvicefromaHollywoodstarlet.Asaresult,herideawasnotputintopracticeuntilthe1960safterher35hadended.Today,Lamarr'sconceptisthebasisofspread-spectrumtechnology,whichisusedforeverythingfromBluetoothandWi-Fitosatellitesandwirelessphones.Lamarr'sfilmcareerbegantoslowinthe1950s.Intheearly1980s,LamarrmovedtoFloridawhereshedied,largelyarecluse(隱居者),ofheartdiseaseonJanuary19,2000,attheageof86.A.connectedconqueredsharedmanagedA.younghumorousrichprettyA.awardedcreditedpresentedidentifiedA.technologyartsciencemovieA.experienceinsistenceassistanceinfluenceA.discoveriesfilmsrecordscontributionsA.concernshonorsregretsdesiresA.recognizedrememberedrespectedignoredA.naturallystrangelyactuallyespeciallyA.famouscontentdoubtfulfamiliarA.settingreachinghittingmeetingA.easiersimplerquickerharderA.cutdowncutoffsendupsendoutA.changeaffectdestroydevelopA.lifeapplicationpatentcareer閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TaichichuanorChineseboxing,is__36__ancientanddistinctiveChineseformofexercise__37__ispopularthroughouttheworld.Asexercise,taichichuanisdesigned__38__(provide)relaxationintheprocessofbody-conditioningexerciseandisdrawnfromtheprinciplesoftaiji,notablywiththeharmonizingoftheyinandyang,respectivelytheactiveprinciples.Itemploysflowing，rhythmic,deliberatemovements,withcarefully__39__(appoint)stances(站姿)andpositions,butinpracticenotwomastersteachthesystem__40__(exact)alike.Asamodeofattackanddefence,taichichuanisproperlyconsideredamartialart,bearing__41__(resemble)tokungfu.Itmaybeusedwithor__42__weapons.FreehandexercisetopromotehealthwaspractisedinChinaasearlyasthe3rdcentury,and,inthe5thcentury,monksofShaolinTemplewereperformingexercises__43__(imitate)thefivecreatures:bear,bird,deer,monkey,andtiger.Thesnakewasadded__44__(late),and,bytheearlyMingDynasty,theyinandyangprinciples__45__(add)toharmonizethewhole.Anassimilation(同化)ofthesedevelopments,theartoftaichichuanwassystemizedandnamedintheearlyQingDynasty.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假如你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Peter得知你所在的城市將舉辦一個(gè)中學(xué)生藝術(shù)作品展覽會(huì)，特來(lái)信詢問(wèn)你相關(guān)事宜。請(qǐng)給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.展覽的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn):

2.

展覽內(nèi)容:

3.參觀時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。注意:

1.詞數(shù)80左右可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:藝術(shù)作品展覽會(huì)art

exhibitionDear

Peter,

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Everyonehastheirownstrengthsandweaknesses!Turningourweaknessesintostrengthsmakesusunbeatable.Thisisaninspiringstoryofa12-year-oldboyKimwhodefeatedhisweakness,byunknowinglymakingithisstrength.PoorKimlosthislefthandinaterribleaccident.Hisparentscouldnotcomforthim.Tocheerhimup,hisfathermadehimjoinaJudo（柔道）school.AstheboyalwayswantedtolearnJudo,hisfatherthoughtthatthiswouldmakehimhappy.EveryonewonderedhowasinglearmedboycouldlearnJudo.However,themasterhappilyacceptedhim.HetrainedinJudoforabout8months.Hepracticednothingbutasinglestroke（擊）.Hetrainedforall8monthsinmasteringasingle