2024年廣東省高三一模高考英語試卷試題答案祥解（含作文范文）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2024廣東省一模英語測試試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWelcometoWSULibraries!Inthisguide,we’llunlockthemysteriesofcallnumbersandlocationprefixes.Knowingthesehelpsyouquicklylocateandaccessyourdesiredbooks.CallNumbersBooksandmaterialarearrangedonourshelvesaccordingtotheLibraryofCongress(LC)classificationsystem.Thesecallnumbersuniquelyidentifyandorganizeitemsnearothermaterialonthesameorsimilarsubjects.Considerthecallnumber:LB2395C651991.?LBdefinesthesubjectarea.Thecalllettersaretypicallyarrangedinalphabetical(字母的)order,startingfromAandcontinuingthroughthealphabet.Knowingtheletter(s)foryoursubjectareagivesyouaplacetostartbrowsingtheshelves.Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.Formore,clickhere.?2395istheclassificationnumber,whichfurtherdistinguishesthesubjectmatter.Readasawholenumber:1,2,3,45,100,2430.?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).?1991istheyearofpublication.LocationPrefixesSomecallnumbershavealocationprefix.Locationprefixesmeanthatthebookormaterialisshelvedinaspecialplace,andmayhaveloanrestrictions.WSUusesthefollowingprefixes:1．Whichbookmaybeidentifiedunderthecallnumber“NU238C7192013”?A．AnIntroductiontoModernArt. B．TheABCofComputerscience.C．TheRecyclingofwasteoils. D．AshortHistoryofFrance.2．WhatwouldbetheCutternumberifyouarelookingforabookbyWhitneySherman?A．C78. B．S53. C．W67. D．L59.3．Wherecanyoufindthebook“RESAG243G871992”?A．0nthe2ndor4thfloorofthelibrary.B．IntheReferenceAreaonthe1stfloor.C．IntheCirculationAreaonthe1stfloor.D．AttheLearningResourcesCenteronthe2ndfloor.BALetterfromWillaCathertoPresidentTomasMasarykHonoredsir,Yourletter,senttomethroughyourLegationatWashington,confersuponmegreathonorandgivesmegreatpleasure.IamgladtohavecarriedamessagefromtheBohemian(波希米亞)neighbors,whomIgrewupwith,totheirhomecountryoftheCzechRepublic.IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.Ihavethegoodfortunetopreserverelationswithmostofmycharacters.“Antonia”andhersplendidchildrenarefleshandbloodrealities.EverytimeIgobacktothem,Ifeelhowmuchmoreinterestingandlovabletheyarethanmypictureofthem.IwishIcouldpresentthemtoyouinperson.IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.Iavoidbiographers,askingthemtowaituntilIgetmyworkfurtheralong.Myfirstnovelwaspublishedin1912,andaperiodoftwelveyearsishardlylongenoughforawritertofindtheformbestsuitedforwriting.IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.Iamabletosendyouaverygoodphotographtakenrecently.Iencloseashortbiographicalaccountwhichmypublishersuseforpublicitypurposes,andsomecasualreviews.Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.Ibegyou,PresidentMasaryk,tobelieveinmygratefulappreciationofyourletter.Respectfullyyours,WillaCather4．WhoisAntonia?A．Adirectorofamovie. B．Acharacterinabook.C．Cather’srelativeinNewYork. D．Cather’sneighborfromBohemia.5．Whatdoestheauthorneedforamostsuitablewritingstyleaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Time. B．Youth. C．Publishers’advice. D．Financialsupport.6．Whatdoeswritingabiographymeantotheauthoraccordingtoparagraph4?A．Aninspirationtoherreaders. B．Arecordofherachievements.C．Awindowintoawriter’sworld. D．Anendpointinawriter’scareer.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A．TorebuildherBohemianconnection. B．Todeclinethepresident’srequest.C．Toexplainherphilosophyofwriting. D．Toappreciatethepresident’sinterest.CIfyou’venoticedyou’regettinglesswhileyourbillalmoststaysthesame,it’snotjustyou.“Shrinkflation”—reducingaproduct’ssizeorquantitywhilekeepingitspricestable—isshowingupinshopsaroundtheworld.Astheglobaleconomystruggleswithinflation(通貨膨脹),risingmaterialcostsandhigherhumancost,consumersarebearingtheincreasingproductionprices.“Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,”saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”.Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.“Shoppersdon’thaveachoice.Theyhavetoadaptthemselvestothechanges,”addsStiving.Therearerareexceptions,butcompaniesgenerallytaketheopportunitytogetmoreprofits.Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.Somegrocersareusingstickerstoremindshoppersofshrinkflation,butstill,it’satoughhittothebottomline—especiallybecausethepriceofproductsgenerallydoesn’tfallasinflationdoes.Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.8．Whydoesshrinkflationmakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”accordingtoStiving?A．Shrinkflationreduceshumancost.B．Shrinkflationraisespurchasingpower.C．Consumersbecomemoreawareofsize.D．Consumersexperiencelittleincreaseincost.9．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theconcernsofshoppers. B．Theinterestsofcompanies.C．Theimpactofshrinkflation. D．Thephenomenonofinflation.10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheshrinkflationinparagraph4?A．Favorable. B．Objective.C．Dismissive. D．Unclear.11．Whatshouldconsumersdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Drawabottomline. B．Putwarningstickers.C．Choosesmallerpacks. D．Makeaconsciousdecision.DWelearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?AstudyledbyMarkusPaulus,professoratLoyolaMarymountUniversity,showsthattheabilityhasitsrootsinearliestchildhood.“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings,”saysMarkusPaulus.Inthisresearch,Paulusrecordedtheinteractionbetweenmotherandchildoverseveralmonths.Thebabiescameintothelabforthefirsttimeattheageof6months,whiletheirfinalvisitwaswhentheywere18monthsold.Astheyengagedinvariousplaysituations,theinteractionsandimitationsofmotherandchildwereanalyzed.Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.Paulus’researchshowsthatmutualimitationisthekeystoneofknowledgetransfer,throughwhichchildrensuccessfullylearnvariousskills,suchashowtouseobjects,wavingandacquisitionoflanguage.“Thisinteractionisthenucleusoflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman,”saysPaulus.“Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”12．Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofwheels?A．Topraisetheinventionofcarwheels. B．Todescribetheprocessoftrialanderror.C．Toemphasizethenecessityofnewtools. D．Toshowtheimportanceofpriorknowledge.13．WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulus’research?A．Children’simitationwasrecordedbymothers.B．Sensitivemothersencouragedchildren’simitation.C．Children’sabilitywasanalyzedthroughinteraction.D．Effectiveinteractionpromotedchildren’sdevelopment.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nucleus”meaninparagraph4?A．Core. B．Result. C．Aim. D．Content.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhydoesEvolutionMatter? B．HowtoInteractwithChildren?C．Imitation:TheEngineofEvolution D．CulturalLearning:TheRootofImitation第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.16Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.Musicemergesasapromisingtoolforpromotingwell-beingoftheelderly.Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.17singinganddancingtomusicwithothersisnotonlyfunbutalsoimprovesmood.Musicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreducestressbecausetheytakeourmindsoffproblems.Theyalsohelpusfeellesslonelyandmoreconnectedwithotherpeople.18Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.Finally,musiccontributestokeepingourthinkingskillssharp.Itmakesourbrainsworkhardinuniquewaystounderstandtherhythmandmelody.19Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.20A．Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.B．Recallinghappymemoriescanliftourmoodonabadday.C．Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.D．Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.E．However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.F．Theabilitytoformnewmemoriesisessentialforprocessinginformation.G．Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。SummerClaytonmaynothavechildreninreallife,buthe’s“aprouddad”to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet.Everyweek,hesitsdowntodinnerandhasa21chatwithhis“kids”.Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.He22themhowtoshave,andremindsthemit’sOKtobe23whenlifehurts.Tosome,hisone-wayconversationsmayseem24.Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鳴)amongpeoplewho25afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir26inthedailylife.Claytonisacivilianfitnesstrainerinreallife.Hestarted27ontheInternetinlate2020withinspirationalandhow-tovideos,and28jokinglycalledhim“dad”.Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to—a29tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,“HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?”Thevideo30,earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours.Clayton’sextendedfamilycomesinall31.Manyofhis“kids”areoldenoughtobehisparents.Clayton’s32doesn’tseemtobotherhisfans.At58,SarahD’ImperiomaynotseemlikeClayton’stargetaudience,butshebelievesthatit’sa(n)33idea,especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodelthatlistensorhas34tolisten.“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto35asmallpartofthatroleforanyone,”shesays.21．A．quick B．formal C．secret D．virtual22．A．trains B．convinces C．teaches D．supports23．A．painful B．peaceful C．shameful D．hopeful24．A．dull B．tough C．silly D．brief25．A．find B．need C．a(chǎn)dmit D．start26．A．decisions B．hobbies C．excuses D．troubles27．A．posting B．profiting C．searching D．donating28．A．critics B．followers C．experts D．reporters29．A．suggestion B．promise C．reward D．response30．A．caughtup B．cameout C．blewup D．heldout31．A．places B．a(chǎn)ges C．types D．classes32．A．faith B．experience C．youth D．a(chǎn)ppearance33．A．brilliant B．a(chǎn)mbitious C．complicated D．a(chǎn)bstract34．A．luck B．time C．energy D．honor35．A．value B．create C．define D．fill第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填人1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BornintoanethnicMiaofamilyinruralGuizhouProvince,ZhangwasexposedfromayoungagetotherichtraditionofMiaoembroidery(刺繡)—36culturalcraftthathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.Shespentcountlesshoursasachild37(observe)hermotherandgrandmotherstitchingfancypatternsontofabricsbyhand.In2003,hopingtomodernizeandsharethisheritage,sheopenedherfirstclothingshopintheprovincialcapital.Adecadelater,Zhang38(establish)herownclothingbrandfocusedoncombiningtraditionalChinese-styleqipaodresseswithcolorfulcustomizedembroiderypatterns.“WehavetrainedhundredsoflocalMiaowomenintheancientneedleworktechniques,”Zhang39(proud)remarked.“Theclothinglinecelebratestheirbreathtakinghandwork,40Ihopeadvancesmyhomevillage’srevitalization.”Her41(commit)toculturalpreservationandruraldevelopmentwasrecognizedin2019,whentheChinawomen’sHandicraftInnovationandEntrepreneurshipCompetition42(hold)andZhang’sinnovativedesigncollectionwontophonors.Inaninterviewafterwards,shereflectedonbothpreservingtraditionalskillsthroughnewmedia,43expandingeconomicopportunitiesforartisans.Weattachequalimportance44culturalinheritanceandmarketexpansion,”Zhangstated.“Inthefuture,we’llcontinueinnovatingdesigns45(display)Miaoembroidery’sbeautyanddiversity.”第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46．假定你是李華，你校將舉辦“經(jīng)典文化探索展”，并通過網(wǎng)絡進行直播。請你給外國筆友Hans寫封郵件，邀請他在線觀看。內(nèi)容包括：1.活動介紹；2.觀看時間、方式；3.你的期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearHans,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。WhenMaryenteredthesouthPolePenguinResearchLab,shesawherfriendTomgentlystroking(輕撫)apenguininhisarms.Aschildrenofthelabscientists,MaryandTomoftenobservedtheemperorpenguinsthatwerestudiedtounderstandhowtheyadaptedtoextremetemperatures—insightsthatcouldaidhumansurvival.“We’rethirteen,Tom.It’stimetogrowupandstopplayingwiththelabpenguins,”saidMaryasshestartedcleaning.“They’reresearchanimals,notpets.”“Butthebirdslistentome1”insistedTom,hisbreathformingacloudinthefreezingair.“You’rejusttryingtobeapenguinwhispereragain,”Maryreplied,shakingherheadwithagentlesmile.Thepenguinsseemedplayfulastheywalked,dove,swamandchasedtheirlivefishforsportbeforeeating.Suddenly,analarmrangoutandredlightsflashed,signalingaproblem.Thekidsrushedovertolookintoit.“It’scolderthanbefore—there’siceformingonthewater,”notedTom.Thoughalwayscold,Maryhadneverseeniceherebefore.Shecheckedthehabitatmonitorandfoundthatthetemperaturehadgonedownalot.“Theheatermustbebroken!”Maryquicklysentamessagetotheirparents’researchteam,whowereconductingoutdoorstudies.Withtheadultsaway,thekidswouldhavetodealwiththefreezingconditionsuntilhelparrived.TimedraggedasMaryandTomanxiouslywaited.Theincreasingcoldcausedthemtoshake.“Iwonderwhatemperorpenguinsdoinextremecold,sincetheystayinthePoleallwinterinsteadofgoingsomewherewarmer,”askedMary.“Theyhuddle(擠作一團),”Tomanswered.“Theyhuddletogethertightlysothatthebirdsinthemiddlewillbewarmenough.”“Whatabouttheonesontheedge?”Maryasked.“Theypushtheirwaytowardsthecenter,andthenmovebackouttotheedge,andstrugglebackagain.Scientistsintheearly21stcenturyrecordedit.”Herepliedashestaredatthelargecrowdofthepenguinsinthelab.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答?！盜haveanideatostaywarm1"Tomshoutedexcitedly.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Twoandahalfhourslater,theparentsreturnedwithhelp.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．A2．B3．C【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要講述的是WSU圖書館使用指南的說明文。它詳細解釋了如何利用圖書館的藏書系統(tǒng)，特別是如何通過書目的索書號和位置前綴來快速定位并獲取所需的書籍。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.(例如：A.一般作品；B.哲學、心理學、宗教；D.世界歷史；G.地理；H.社會科學；J.政治學；K.定律；L.教育；M.音樂；N.藝術；P.語言文學；Q.科學。)”可知，索書號N代表了藝術類書籍，A選項“AnIntroductiontoModernArt.(現(xiàn)代藝術概論)”的索書號可能為“NU238C7192013”。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).(C65是卡特號，通常代表作者的姓氏。先找到C，然后找到65。這個號碼需要作為小數(shù)來讀取。)”可判斷，如果想找WhitneySherman的書，我們可以使用卡特號索引，用作者的姓氏開頭字母S。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格中的Res部分中的“1stfloor,CirculationArea”可知，Res開頭的索書號存放在圖書館一樓CirculationArea；書號為“RESAG243G871992”的書可以圖書館一樓CirculationArea找到。故選C。4．B5．A6．D7．B【導語】這是一封應用文。文章介紹了美國作家WillaCather禮貌謝絕TomasMasaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個人傳記資料的請求。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.(我剛剛回到紐約，在那里我有幸?guī)е业臅鳰yAntonia中活生生的“安東尼婭”安妮·帕維爾卡和她的六個孩子去看了《迷失的女人》的第一場放映)”可知，Antonia是書中的人物。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.(我開始寫作的時候并不年輕，雖然生活是寫作的一個很好的準備，但我確實需要更多的時間來掌握一種簡單而謙虛的方式來展示我的作品，無論我多么清楚我想展示什么)”可知，作者表達了拒絕的遺憾，并解釋她需要時間去完善寫作風格。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.(傳記通常是在作家無話可說的時候開始出現(xiàn)的，而我卻不覺得時機已經(jīng)到了)”可推知，寫傳記對作者來說意味著作家生涯的終點。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.(很遺憾，我不能滿意地滿足您對傳記資料的要求)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，這封信的目的是謝絕Masaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個人傳記資料的請求。為此，作者首先感謝總統(tǒng)的來信；分享與過去的人和小說中的人物聯(lián)系的喜悅；解釋不能提供傳記材料的原因；附上一張近照和一段簡短的傳記以示對該請求的尊重和感激。故選B。8．D9．C10．B11．D【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述一種經(jīng)濟學現(xiàn)象：縮水式通貨膨脹，及其原因和影響。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,’saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers‘lesspainful’.(Impactpricing的首席定價教育專家MarkStiving表示：‘當尺寸減小時，消費者更有可能注意到他們的購買對他們錢包的影響，而不是產(chǎn)品損失的數(shù)量。’因此，企業(yè)利用縮水式通脹讓消費者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的減少，消費者更關注價格的波動，因此，縮水式通貨膨脹來使消費者成本幾乎沒有增加，從而“不那么痛苦”，故選D。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，結合前兩句“Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.(然而，即使縮水式通脹伴隨著通脹而來，問題也不會在通脹結束后才結束。一旦新尺碼上市，它們很可能會一直保持這種狀態(tài))”可知，本段主要講述縮水式通貨膨脹的后續(xù)影響，即產(chǎn)品的尺寸一旦減少，后續(xù)可能很難再變回來，故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.(對許多公司來說，縮水式通脹似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消費者對價格高度敏感的食品行業(yè)，提高價格可能會讓消費者跳槽到另一個品牌。但是面對持續(xù)的通貨膨脹，公司不得不做些什么來維持他們的利潤。把產(chǎn)品的尺寸縮小一點可以使他們在保持價格競爭力的同時提高利潤。但是，一旦客戶注意到這種變化，他們可能會覺得自己被愚弄了，從而導致信任和信心的喪失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市場的諸多因素，對許多公司來說縮水式通貨膨脹是無法避免的，這可以保證其公司在市場的競爭力。但消費者可能會感覺受到了欺騙，導致信任和信心的喪失。因此，作者對于縮水式通貨膨脹的態(tài)度是客觀的，既指出了其帶來的問題，也指出了其對公司的好處，故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.(消費者在購物時可能需要理智地檢查價格和尺碼，并確保自己不會落入貨架上超大尺碼的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消費者在購物時需要明智地考慮價格和尺寸，確保自己不會陷入價格陷阱。因此，消費者應該做出明智的決定，故選D。12．D13．D14．A15．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了模仿對于人際互動，學習和人類文明演進的重要性。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Welearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?(我們通過幾千年積累的知識來了解世界。站在偉人的肩膀上，我們不必經(jīng)歷無盡的嘗試和錯誤，就像汽車的輪子不必每次都重新發(fā)明一樣。但是我們向別人學習的能力從何而來呢？)”和第二段“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings(人們通常認為孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根據(jù)我們的觀察，孩子模仿是因為他們自己被照顧者模仿。這種相互作用使知識的文化轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能，通過幾代人的努力，知識的文化轉(zhuǎn)移最終導致了人類的發(fā)展)”可推知，作者提到輪子的例子是為了強調(diào)先前知識的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我們不必再重新進行研究和試驗。故選D。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.(這項長期研究表明，母親在與6個月大的孩子互動時越敏感，她模仿孩子的次數(shù)越多，孩子在18個月大時的整體能力就越強)”可知，Paulus的研究表明，媽媽越頻繁地模仿孩子，孩子的發(fā)育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互動促進了孩子們的發(fā)展。故選D。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“oflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman”可知，這種相互作用最終導致了人類進化的成功，說明是學習的核心，故劃線詞意思是“核心”。故選A。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”(“文化學習是人類進化的重要組成部分，它植根于對他人的模仿，尤其是我們童年早期的照顧者，”保盧斯說?！巴ㄟ^這種方式，我們相互學習，并將知識傳授給下一代，因此某些動作或技術不必不斷地重新發(fā)明?！?”結合文章主要講述了模仿在人類進化中的重要性，強調(diào)了模仿對于人類進化的推動作用。因此，最佳標題應該是“模仿：進化的引擎”。故選C。16．E17．D18．A19．C20．G【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述的是音樂對于老年人身心健康的好處，音樂能夠引起強烈的情感和愉悅感、音樂活動有助于減輕壓力、音樂能夠觸發(fā)記憶以及音樂有助于保持思維敏銳。16．根據(jù)空后“Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.(在一個快速老齡化的社會中，找到預防相關精神和情感障礙的方法變得至關重要。)”可知，老年人情感方面會產(chǎn)生問題。選項E“However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.(然而，它通常涉及一系列身體和精神上的挑戰(zhàn)。)”指出變老會在身體和心理上出現(xiàn)問題，與空前內(nèi)容“Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.(變老意味著更加成熟和智慧。)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，同時自然引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選E。17．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.(音樂有一種巨大的力量，能引起強烈的情感和強烈的快樂。)”可知，音樂能夠引起強烈的情感和快樂。選項D“Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.(這有助于人們在抑郁或焦慮時感覺好一些。)”中的“this”指的正是上文提到的音樂所具有的力量，而這種力量能讓人們在抑郁或焦慮時感覺好一些。故選D。18．空處為段首句，為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.(一首歌可能成為某一特定時刻的配樂，比如很久以前你和朋友一起參加的一個愉快的聚會。聽那首歌會讓你想起那時候所有的快樂回憶。)”可知，本段主要講述的是音樂可以讓你想起曾經(jīng)的快樂的回憶。選項A“Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.(音樂也可以打開被遺忘的記憶之門。)”指的是音樂可以讓我們想起曾經(jīng)的記憶，與本段內(nèi)容相符，適合作為主旨句，引領下文。故選A。19．根據(jù)下文“Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.(例如，在認知任務中，暴露在背景音樂中，特別是古典音樂，被證明可以改善老年人的認知過程，如處理速度和工作記憶。)”可知，下文例子想要表達的是置身于音樂之中就可以改善老年人的認知過程。選項C“Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.(即使是被動聽音樂也能幫助老年人更好地思考。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的是音樂可以提高老年人的思維能力。故選C。20．根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveprobl