2022年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題解析

2022考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題解析(1)Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience：exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,thewordamateurdoescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.growthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthecenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownbut,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyifincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightmoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas .sociologyandchemistryphysicsandpsychologysociologyandpsychologyphysicsandchemistryWecaninferfromthepassagethat .thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationprofessionalisationamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasscienceprofessionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunityamateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalonesTheauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologydemonstrate .theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisationthehardshipofamateursinscientificstudythechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublicationsthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateursThedirectreasonforspecialisationis .thedevelopmentincommunicationthegrowthofprofessionalisationtheexpansionofscientificknowledgethesplittingupofacademicsocieties重點(diǎn)詞匯：specialisation專業(yè)化+atiospecia（特殊的；額外的-ise動(dòng)詞后綴specialise即專業(yè)化-ationspecialis（Loveisaspecialaffectionforamanorawoman，isstrongerthanthatforanyotherperson.愛情是對(duì)一個(gè)男人或女人的特別的好感，它比對(duì)其他任何人的好感都劇烈。specialistdoctorwhosepatientscanbeillonlyduringofficehoursspecialist—oneknowsmoreandmoreaboutlessandless專家-對(duì)越來越少的東西懂得越來越多的人。response2022年Text2）Thesartorialartistnolessthanthesculpto，thepainterandthemusiciandreamsofcreationsthatwillawakenaresponseinthesouloftheworld樣，幻想著能在世人靈魂中引起反響的作品。accumulation/Ekjumju5leiF（E）n/（積存，積累）名詞后綴。Universityarefullofknowledg；thefreshmenbringalittleandtheseniorstakenoneaway，andknowledgeaccumulates.大學(xué)Booksaretheever-burninglampsofaccumulatedwisdom.書籍是積存才智的明燈。professionalisation/7prE5feFEnElai5zeiFEn/（職業(yè)化）professional+i（+atioprofessiona（動(dòng)詞后綴professionalise即v.職業(yè)化，-ationInwomanareprofessionals，menareamateurs男子是業(yè)余者。clear-cut明確的，清楚的。amateur業(yè)余的；業(yè)余愛好者）好者選擇某專業(yè)必定是傾慕它。Everyartistwasonceanamateur.全部的藝術(shù)家都曾經(jīng)是業(yè)余愛好者。amateur—ayoungmanwhowhenflattering，isafraidofoverdoingitdistinction/dis5tiNkFEn（即distinct+iodistinct（清晰的，明顯的，-ionextinct滅亡（由于有而省略；instinct本能。Successseemstobethatwhichformsthedistinctionbetweenconfidenceandconceit.勝利好像是形成自信與自負(fù)區(qū)分的東西。connotation涵義前綴一起，note，-ation→涵義。integrate/5inti^reit/（使成為一體）←integr完整+atedisintegrat（2022年Text。participation/pB7tisi5peiFEn（即part（=par，ci（=ca）抓（參captiv，2022年Text3，-ationparticipateparticipateinatragedyatacomedyweonlylook.悲劇我們參與，喜劇我們僅僅觀看。intermsof依據(jù)；用……措辭。reveal/ri5vl（v即re+veareveal（=veil）Apersonrevealshischaracterbynothingsoclearlyasthejokeheresents.沒有什么比一個(gè)人所Ifyourevealyoursecretstotheyoushouldnotblamethewindforrevealingthemtothetrees.你假如把隱秘泄露給風(fēng)，就不應(yīng)責(zé)備風(fēng)把隱秘泄露給樹。emphasis/5emfEsis/（強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn)）可看作em+phasis，em-前綴強(qiáng)調(diào)，phasis看作是phase（階段）的復(fù)述形式，于是在各階段里最值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的→強(qiáng)調(diào)。Isometimewishthatpeoplewouldputalittlemoreemphasisupontheobservanceofthelawthantheydouponitsenforcement.有時(shí)候我但愿人們多把重點(diǎn)放在遵守法律上，而非強(qiáng)調(diào)其實(shí)施。primacy/5praimEsi/（首要，首位）即隱私）首要的。definition/7defi5niFEn/（定義）即defin（e）+ition，define（下定義；限定）2022TextItisalmostdefinitionofagentlemantosaythatheisonewhoneverinflictspain.說一個(gè)人從不給人造成苦痛，這幾乎是下了一個(gè)關(guān)于君子的定義。representpartiallyrepresenttheirreflect/ri5flekt/（v.反射；反映；思索）←re+flectTherearetwowaysofspreadingligtTobethecandl，orthemirrorthatreflectsit.的鏡子。Whoreflectstoomuchwillaccomplishlittle.思慮過多者一事難成。referee/7refE5ri：/（仲裁者v.仲裁）←refer+ee.separate/5sepEreit/（分別的v.分別）←se+par+ate，se-前綴分看作parta.精選的Wesleepinseparateroomswehavedinnerapart，wetakeseparatevacations—we‘redoingeverythingwecantokeepourmarriagetogether.我們?cè)诜珠_的房間睡覺，我們分開吃飯，我們分Youcatseparatepeacefromfreedombecausenoonecanbeatpeaceunlesshehashisfreedom你無法將安靜與自由分開，由于得不到自由誰(shuí)都不會(huì)安靜。delayNeverdelaythatshouldbedonetodaytomorrow.不要把今日應(yīng)做的事推遲到明天。reckonreIreckonbeingillasoneofthegreatpleasuresofprovidedoneisnottooillandisnotobligedtoworktilloneisbetterTosensibleme，everydayisadayofreckoningcrucial/5kru：FEl/（極重要的，打算性的）即cruc+ial，cruc詞根=cros，-ail形容詞后綴，處于十字路口的→關(guān)鍵的。psychology/sai5kClEdVi/（心理學(xué)）←psycho+logy，psycho詞根心理，-logy后綴……學(xué)Thepurposeofpsychologyistogiveuscompletelydifferentideaofthethingsweknowbest.心理學(xué)的用途是告知我們對(duì)最熟識(shí)事物的完全不同的觀念。 psychology—①thesciencethattellsyouwhatyoualreadyknow，inwordsyoucan‘tunderstand②thetheologyofthetwentiethcentury心理學(xué)-①一門科學(xué)它用你聽不明白的語(yǔ)言告知你已經(jīng)知道的事世紀(jì)的神學(xué)。inone‘sownright憑自身?xiàng)l件；underway在進(jìn)展中。難句解析：①Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience：exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless，thewordamateurdoescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand，inparticular，maynotfullyshareitsvalues.▲先看前面的句子的主干是Nodistinctioncanbedrawnbetween……，冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是進(jìn)一步說明前面的觀點(diǎn)。在其次個(gè)句子中，一上來就有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞nevertheless，表示語(yǔ)意的轉(zhuǎn)折，其主句是thewordamateurdoescarryaconnotation，里面有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。nevertheless次要看清thewordamateurDOEScarryaconnotationDOESNOT.②Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining，andbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.▲兩個(gè)分句有同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，即thetrend，兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)為wasobviouscanbeillustratedbasedespeciallyonmathematicalorlaboratorytrainingareasofscience.△留意beillustrated另外intermsof③AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch，butalsoachangingdefinitionofconstitutesanacceptableresearchparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahal（中心詞為acompariso，謂語(yǔ)是reveal是notsimply……butalsodefinition△anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch研的重要性的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper文創(chuàng)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也有所變化，其中whattheelementsthat.④Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforaresultthathasreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing，firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.▲全句的主干構(gòu)造是The……resulthasbeentodosth.。留意逗號(hào)后面只是一個(gè)名詞性的短語(yǔ)，其核心詞是aresult，可以被看成是前面句子主語(yǔ)的同狀語(yǔ)firstby……，andthenby……?！鱡ntrancereinforce逗號(hào)之后沒有動(dòng)詞了，可以一層一層地把這個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)分解開。⑤Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinonetwospecificwherea