(完整版)AP化學(xué)5分必會單詞(根據(jù)歷年真題匯編)

AP化學(xué)5分必會單詞（根據(jù)歷年真題匯編）StructureofMatter物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)actinideseries:錒系元素alkalimetal:堿金屬(第一主族金屬元素)alkalineearthmetal:堿土金屬(第二主族金屬元素)alpha(a)particle:a粒子amu:atomicmassnumber原子質(zhì)量單位(12C質(zhì)量的1/12為1amu)angularmomentumquantumnumber:角量子數(shù)anions:陰離子atomicnumber:原子序數(shù)(等于質(zhì)子數(shù))atomicradius:原子半徑Aufbauprinciple:原子中的電子優(yōu)先填入低能量原子軌域Avogadro'snumber(NA):阿佛加德羅常數(shù)6.022x1023beta(b)particle:b粒子cathoderays:陰極射線cations:陽離子continuousspectrum:連續(xù)光譜coreelectron(innershellelectron):內(nèi)層電子degenerateorbitals:能量相等軌道diamagnetism:逆磁性diffraction:衍射dualnatureoflight:光的波粒二象性electromagneticradiation:電磁輻射electronaffinity:電子親和勢electroncapture:電子捕獲electronegativity:電負性electronicconfiguration:電子構(gòu)型empiricalformula:經(jīng)驗式excitedstate:激發(fā)態(tài)fission:裂變fusion:核聚變gamma(g)ray:g射線groundstate:基態(tài)groups:族half-life:半衰期halogens:鹵素(第七主族元素)Heisenberguncertaintyprinciple:海森堡測不準原理Hund'srule:洪特規(guī)則ionizationenergy:電離能isoelectronic:電子數(shù)相等的isotopes:同位素lanthanideseries:鑭系元素Linespectrum線性光譜magneticquantumnumber:磁量子數(shù)main-groupelements:主族元素massnumber:質(zhì)量數(shù)massspectrometer:質(zhì)譜molarmass:摩爾質(zhì)量mole:摩爾molecularformula:分子式neutron:中子noblegas:惰性氣體元素node:節(jié)點nucleus:原子核octetrule:八電子規(guī)則orbital:軌道paramagnetism:順磁性Pauliexclusionprinciple:泡利不相容原理periodictable:（元素）周期表periods:周期photon:光子positron:正電子principalquantumnumber:主量子數(shù)proton:質(zhì)子quantumnumbers:量子數(shù)significantfigures:有效數(shù)字spinquantumnumber:自旋量子數(shù)subshells:電子亞層transitionmetals:過渡金屬元素valenceelectrons:價電子wavefunction:波函數(shù)BondingandIntermolecularForces化學(xué)鍵與分子間作用力alloy:合金aminoacid:氨基酸amorphoussolid:無定形固體antibondingmolecularorbital:反鍵分子軌道aqueoussolution:水溶液Avogadro'slaw:阿伏伽德羅定律（氣體體積與摩爾數(shù)成正比）barometer:氣壓計binarycompound:二元化合物bondenergy:鍵能bondingmolecularorbital:成鍵分子軌道bondingpair:成鍵電子對bondlength:鍵長bondorder:鍵級Boyle'slaw:波義耳定律（氣體的溫度和物質(zhì)的量恒定時，體積和壓力成反比）capillaryaction:毛細作用carbohydrate:糖類化合物Charles'slaw:查理定律（氣體的壓力和物質(zhì)的量恒定時，體積和絕對溫度成正比）chelate:螯合物chromatography:色譜分離法colligativeproperties:依數(shù)性colloids:膠體condensation:冷凝condensedstates:凝聚態(tài)（氣態(tài)和液態(tài)）coordinatecovalentbond:配位共價鍵coordinationcompound:配位化合物coordinationnumber:配位數(shù)Coulomb'slaw:庫侖定律covalentbonding:共價鍵crystallinesolid:晶體型固體Dalton'slaw:道爾頓分壓定律（混合氣體的總壓等于個氣體分壓之和）diffusion:（氣體）擴散混合dilution:稀釋dipole-dipoleintermolecularforce:偶極-偶極分子間作用力dipolemoment:偶極矩distillation:蒸餾doublebond:雙鍵effusion:（氣體）隙透electrolyte:電解質(zhì)formalcharge:形式電荷Gay-Lussac'slaw:蓋?呂薩克定律（氣體的體積和物質(zhì)的量恒定時，壓力和絕對溫度成正比）gasconstant:氣體常數(shù)0.08206（L?atm）/（K?mol）Graham'slaw:格雷姆定律（氣體擴散和逸散速率與其摩爾質(zhì)量的平方根成反比）Henry'slaw:亨利定律（氣體的溶解性隨氣體分壓的增加而增大）hybridorbitals:雜化軌道hydration:水合hydrocarbon:烴hydrogenbonding:氫鍵idealgaslaw:理想氣體狀態(tài)方程idealsolution:理想溶液ion-dipoleintermolecularforce:離子-偶極分子間作用力ionicbonding:離子鍵ion-induceddipoleintermolecularforce:離子-誘導(dǎo)偶極分子間作用力isotonicsolutions:具有相等滲透壓的溶液kineticmoleculartheory（KMT）:（氣體）動態(tài)分子理論latticeenergy:晶格能Lewisstructure:路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)式ligand:配體liquefaction:液化lonepair孤對電子Londondispersionforces:倫敦色散力manometer:壓力計molality:摩爾濃度molarvolume:（理想氣體標準）摩爾體積molecularorbital（MO）:分子軌道理論molefraction:摩爾分數(shù)nonelectrolyte:非電解質(zhì)osmosis:滲透作用osmoticpressure:滲透壓partialpressures:分壓pibond:p鍵Planck'sconstant:普朗克常數(shù)Raoult'slaw:拉烏爾定律（理想溶液蒸汽壓正比于溶劑的摩爾分數(shù)）resonancestructure:共振結(jié)構(gòu)reverseosmosis:反滲透semipermeablemembrane:半透膜sigmabond:s鍵solubility:溶解度solute:溶質(zhì)solvation:溶劑化solvent:溶劑sublimation:升華surfacetension:表面張力triplebond:叁鍵Tyndalleffect:廷德爾效應(yīng)（光的路徑在膠體可見）unitcells:晶胞valencebondtheory:價鍵理論vanderWaalsequation:范德華方程（實際氣體狀態(tài)方程）van'tHofffactor:范特霍夫因子（溶液中溶質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的粒子摩爾數(shù)與溶質(zhì)摩爾數(shù)之比）vaporization:蒸發(fā)vaporpressure:蒸氣壓viscosity:粘度VSEPRtheory:價層電子對互斥理論ChemicalReactions化學(xué)反應(yīng)accuracy:準確度acid:酸acid-baseindicator:酸堿扌旨示齊Uacidicoxide:酸性氧化物additionreaction:加成反應(yīng)Ampere:安培amphoteric:酸堿兩性的anode:陽極base:堿basicoxide:堿性氧化物battery:電池Br?nsted-Lowrytheory:酸為protondonor,堿為protonacceptorcathode:陰極cellpotential:電池電勢chemicalstoichiometry:化學(xué)計量學(xué)combustionreaction:燃燒反應(yīng)completeionicequation:全離子反應(yīng)方程式condensationreaction:縮合反應(yīng)conjugateacid-basepair:共軛酸堿對disproportionationreaction:反應(yīng)中一元素既被氧化又被還原electrode:電極electrolysis:電解electrolyticcell:電解池endpoint:滴定終點equivalencepoint:等當(dāng)量點Faraday:法拉第（1摩爾電子所帶電量）fuelcell:燃料電池Galvaniccell:原電池half-reactions:半反應(yīng)Henderson-Hasselbalchequation:亨德森-哈塞爾巴爾赫方程（用于計算緩沖溶液pH值）hydroniumion:水合氫離子limitingreactant:限制反應(yīng)物Nernstequation:能斯特方程（計算非標準狀態(tài)下原電池的電池電位）netionicequation:凈離子反應(yīng)方程式neutralizationreactions:中和反應(yīng)oxidation:氧化oxidationnumbers:氧化數(shù)oxidizingagent:氧化劑percentyield:產(chǎn)率precipitationreaction:沉淀反應(yīng)precision:精確度redoxreactions:氧化還原反應(yīng)reducingagent:還原劑reduction:還原spectatorions:旁觀（不參與反應(yīng)）離子standardcellpotential:標準電池電位standardhydrogenelectrode:標準氫電極standardreductionpotentials:標準還原電勢substitutionreaction:取代反應(yīng)titrant:滴定劑titration:滴定titrationcurve:滴定曲線Kinetics動力學(xué)activatedcomplex（transitionstate）:活化復(fù)合物（過渡態(tài)）activationenergy:活化能Arrheniusequation:阿倫尼烏斯公式k=Ae-Ea/RTcatalyst:催化劑collisiontheory:碰撞理論coordinatecovalentbonds:配位共價鍵elementarystep:基元反應(yīng)步enzyme:酶integratedratelaw:積分速率方程intermediates:中間體isomers:異構(gòu)體orderofreaction:反應(yīng)級數(shù)rateconstant:速率常數(shù)rate-determiningstep:決速步（differential）ratelaw:速率方程reactionmechanism:反應(yīng)機理Thermodynamics熱力學(xué)absolutezero:絕對零度calorimetry:量熱法endothermic:吸熱enthalpy:焓entropy:熵exothermic:放熱fossilfuel:化石燃料Gibbsfreeenergy:吉布斯自由能heatcapacity:熱容heatoffusion:熔化熱heatofhydration:水合熱heatofsolution:形成溶液的熱量變化heatofvaporization:氣化熱Hess'slaw:蓋斯定律internalenergy:內(nèi)能irreversibleprocess不可逆過程kineticenergy:動能Lawofconservationofenergy:能量守衡定律potentialenergy:勢能standardenthalpyofformation:標準生成焓standardfreeenergyofformation:標準生成自由能standardtemperatureandpressure(STP)標準溫度壓力(0oC，1atm)statefunction:狀態(tài)函數(shù)specificheatcapacity:比熱容surroundings:環(huán)境system:體系ChemicalEquilibrium化學(xué)平衡aciddissociationconstant(Ka):酸離解(電離)常數(shù)based