(完整版)直接引語和間接引語用法講解

直接引語和間接引語用法講解一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語（directspeech）。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語（indirectspeech）oMr.Blacksaid,“I'mbusy.”Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.二、直接引語陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱的變化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”—Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.（I改為he,it不變）Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”—HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.（You改為I,me改為him,told改為hadtold）Hesaidtome,“She'sleftherbookinyourroom”.—Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.（She's—shehad，her不變，your—my）直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱（如:I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you,your,yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their，theirs，them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般時(shí)和過去時(shí)直接引語間接引語般現(xiàn)在時(shí)般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)彳丁時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(不變)般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)般將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)Hesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”—HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”—Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”—ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”—Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”—Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.ZhouLansaid,“I'lldoitafterclass.”—ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Hesaid,“l(fā)shallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”—Hesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.Hesaid,“Weshallhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.”—Hesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”—Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid,“IwasborninShangdongin1965.”—HesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.(2)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.Hesaysthathefinishedthe