2023屆云南省麗江市古城-高三一診考試英語試卷含解析

2023高考英語模擬試卷注意事項1．考生要認真填寫考場號和座位序號。2．試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分必須用2B鉛筆作答；第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。3．考試結束后，考生須將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Apublichealthcampaign_____thenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades．A．hadreduced B．hadbeenreducedC．hasreduced D．hasbeenreduced2．Somepeoplesuggestchangingthedateforthecollegeentranceexamsinto______SaturdayandSundayofthefirstweekofJune,whichIthinkis______goodadvice.A．/;/ B．the;the C．the;a D．the;/3．Thecostoflivinginbigcities________steadilyformanyyears，andithasledsomeyouthstodropoutofthebigcityrace.A．isclimbing B．isbeingclimbedC．hasbeenclimbing D．hasbeenclimbed4．--Itshouldn’ttakelongtoclearupafterthepartyifweallvolunteertohelp．That’sright．_____________．A．Manyhandsmakelightwork B．SomethingisbetterthannothingC．Themorethemerrier D．Thesoonerbegin,thesoonerdone5．.Somepeoplesaymorebutdoless______othersdotheopposite.A．once B．when C．while D．as6．﹣Mom，I'llstayintoaccompanymygrandpathisevening．﹣________!A．Withpleasure B．NevermindC．Suityourself D．Itdepends7．Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?______theinvitations.A．Tomdelayedsending B．Tom’sdelayingsendingC．Tomdelayingtosend D．Tomdelayedtosend8．Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.A．pretends B．agrees C．promises D．declines9．Everyclassroominthismodernschoolis________withanewTVsetonthewallandacomputerontheteacher'sdesk.A．equippedB．decoratedC．fixedD．placed10．Amancanfailmanytimes,heisarealfailurewhenhebeginstoblamesomeoneelse.A．butB．orC．andD．so11．Althougheverythingseemstohavebeentakenintoconsideration,________accidentcanhappenwhentheastronautswalkin________space.A．/;the B．an;the C．the;the D．an;/12．Ilikesuchhouseswithbeautifulgardensinfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy.A．it B．one C．that D．this13．Itisclearlystatedthattheseregulations______everyoneinthecommunity,withoutexception.A．appealto B．adapttoC．applyto D．attachto14．Accordingtotheschoolrule,nochildbeallowedoutoftheschool,unlessaccompaniedbyhisorherownparents.A．should B．mustC．shall D．can15．Itseemslatetosayanything.Weprobably______itifwehadmadeanoffersooner.A．wouldhavegot B．wouldgetC．hadgot D．got16．______farinthecontest,wearesodisappointed.A．Notgetting B．NottogetC．Nothavinggot D．Notgot17．We

need

aspiritualfaith,oraphilosophy,itshould

include

thistruth:ifyouchoosetofindthe

positive

ineverysituation,youwillbeblessed,andifyouchoosetofindtheawful,youwillbecursed.Aswithhappinessitself,thisis

________yourdecisiontomake.A．absolutelyB．totallyC．exactlyD．largely18．—Couldyougivemeareminderat9tomorrowmorning?—I'msorry,butIameetingthen.A．attendB．willattendC．willbeattendingD．amattending19．Despitetheknowledgehehasaccumulated,HeJiangcontinuestobetroubledbythequestionoftheunequal_______ofscientificknowledgethroughouttheworld.A．advocateB．distributionC．allocationD．division20．Butforthemetalcagetopulltheminerstosafety,theminersinChile____inlessthantwenty-fourhours.A．wouldnotberescued B．wouldnothavebeenrescuedC．wouldberescued D．wouldhavebeenrescued第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21．（6分）AccordingtoaPewResearchCenterreportfromNovember2013,“71%ofthose10-18turntotheinternetasamainnewssource.”AnotherPewreportfoundfrom2012saysthatonanaverageday,29percentofyoungpeoplewere“newsless”meaningtheydidnotgetanynews,fromtraditionalplatforms,mobilephones,orevensocialnetworks.DespitethefactthatbothmyhusbandandIareinjournalism,myhusbandasadesigneditorandmyselfasawriter,Ihaveoftenwonderedifourfoursonswouldgrowuptoreadprintedpageswiththeirownchildrensomeday.Igotmyanswerlastweekwhenmyfailuretorenewuslivinginanewspaperdesertfortwoweeks.NormallywegetbothTheVirginian-Pilot(thepaperforwhichmyhusbandworks)andTheChristianScienceMonitorWeeklyprintedition.Ourfoursonshavegrownupwithavarietyofprintnewspapersavailabledaily.Thathaschangedslightlysinceouryoungest,Quin,10,hasalsobecomeanonlinenewstracker.However,itwasn’tuntilthenewspapersstoppedcomingtoourdoorstepsevendaysaweekthatIlearnedhowdeeplyattachedtheyallaretotheprinted,paper,page.That’swhenwedecidedtomakealistofwhatwehavecometorelyonnewspaperstodocheaplyandimmediately.Here’sthelistwemadetogetherofwhatournewspaperisusedforbeyondlearningthenewsitself:asanumbrellawhencaughtinrain;tostuffinwetshoesovernighttodry;tostuffinhatstokeeptheirshape;tostuffunderdoorsandincrackstostopcoldwindfromcomingin;towallpaperforadollhouse(mydaddidthatonce)….Despitethegrowinglistofhouseholduses,mysons’loveforreadingthepaperbeforeitbecomescagelinerhashelpedmetorealizethatthereisstillhopethatourkidsandfuturegenerationswillcontinuetovaluetheprintednewsasmorethanjustameanstoacraftingprojectend,buttogettingamoretouchablegraspontheissuestheymayfaceinlife.1、WhatisthePewResearchCenterreportprobablyabout?A．Children’snewssource.B．Qualityofjournalism.C．Children’safter-classactivities.D．Parent-childrelationships.2、Whendidtheauthorlearnhowdeeplyattachedherchildrenaretonewspapers?A．ourfoursonswouldgrowuptoreadprintedpageswiththeirownchildrenB．ouryoungest,Quin,10,hasalsobecomeanonlinenewsaddictC．thenewspapersstoppedcomingtoourdoorstepsevendaysaweekD．wedecidedtomakealistofwhatwehavecometorelyonnewspapers3、Whichisnotonthelistofusingnewspapersforhousehold?A．towallpaperforadollhouse.B．togetnewsfromsocialnetworks.C．toactasanumbrellawhencaughtinrain.D．tostuffunderdoorsandincrackstostopcoldwindcomingin.4、Howshouldchildrenandfuturegenerationscontinuetovaluethenewspaper?A．usingitasameanstoacraftingprojectend.B．relyingonittodocheaplyandimmediately.C．growingupwithavarietyofprintnewspapersavailabledaily.D．gettingamoretouchablegraspontheissuestheymayfaceinlife.22．（8分）Indianscientistshavedesignedanewdevicewhichtheyhopewillsolveoneofthebiggestproblemswiththeuseofsolarenergy.Theycallthedeviceasolartree.Solartreeshavemetal"branches"extendingfromatall,centralpoleatdifferentlevels.Eachbranchholdsaphotovoltaic(光電的)panel,alsocalledasolarpanel.Thesepanelsareflatsurfacesthatcollectenergyfromthesunandturnitintoelectricity.DaljitSinghBediisthechiefscientistattheCouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearch,orCSIR,inNewDelhi,India.TheCSIRlaboratoriesarewherethesolartreewasdesigned.Bedisaystheshapeofthesolartreemakesitpossibletofitmorephotovoltaicpanelsinaspacethantraditionalsystemsdo."Ittakesabout4squaremetersofspacetoproduceenergywhichotherwisewouldhaverequired400squaremetersofspace,"hesays.Scientistsbelievetheenergyasolartreecollectswillbeenoughtopowerfivehomes.Thesolartreeswillmakeiteasiertoprovidesolarenergyforhomesincities,theysay.Thesolartreeswillalsotakelessspacefromfarmersinruralareas.Andtheywillcollectmoreenergythannormalphotovoltaicpanelsonthetopsofbuildings,becausetheirdesignhelpswithplacementofsolarpanelsinawaythattheyareexposedmoretothesun.Indiaistheworld'sthirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegases.Thecountryhaspromisedtoreduceitsrateofgreenhousegasproduction.Thecostofphotovoltaicpanelshasgonedowninrecentyears.Thishasmadesolarpowercheaperandeasiertouse.Butitisstillnotclearhowusefulthesenewdevelopmentsinsolarpowertechnologyare.1、Whichpicturecanshowthesolartreeinthepassage?A． B． C． D．2、WhatdoesBedisayaboutthesolartrees?A．Theyareenergy-consuming. B．Theyarespace-saving.C．Theyareeasilyaccessible. D．Theyhavegeographicallimitation.3、Whatmakesthesolartreecollectmoreenergy?A．Thehi-techmaterialsbuiltinthepanels. B．Thenumberofpanelsfixedonit.C．Thecorrectplacementofthetree. D．Theflexibilitvofitsdesign.4、What'sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanewtechnologicalinvention.B．Toexplainwhyscientistsdesignsolartrees.C．Todescribethefeaturesofsolartrees.D．Toshowthebenefitsofsolarpowertechnology.23．（8分）ArecentstudyledbyresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)hasfoundaclearlinkbetweenthecolorofataxianditsaccidentrate.Ananalysisof32monthsofdetailedtaxi,driverandaccidentdatafromtwofleetsofyellowandbluetaxisinSingaporesuggestedthatyellowtaxishavefeweraccidentsthanbluetaxis.Thehighervisibility(能見度)ofyellowmakesitlessdifficultfordriverstoavoidgettingintoaccidentswithyellowtaxis,leadingtoaloweraccidentrate.ThestudywasledbyProfHo.Totestwhethertherewasarelationshipbetweenthecolorofataxiandthenumberofaccidentsthetaxihad,theresearchteamanalyseddatacollectedbythelargesttaxicompanyinSingapore.Theresearchersfoundthatyellowtaxishaveabout2.1feweraccidentsper1,000taxispermonth.Theyalsostudiedtheeconomiceffectofchangingthecoloroftheentirefleetoftaxistoyellow.TheSingaporetaxicompanyinvolvedinthestudyownsabout12,300taxisinaratio(比例)ofoneyellowtothreebluetaxis.Ifacommercialdecisionismadetoswitchfrombluetoyellowtaxis,32.2feweraccidentswilloccurpermonthor913feweraccidentsperyear.Assuminganaveragerepaircostof$1,000percarandadowntimeofsixdays,thecolorofalltaxistoyellowcouldproduceanannualsavingof$2million.“Weareeagertocontinuetovalidate(證實)thefindingsofourstudybylookingattheuseofyellowinothertypesofpublictransport,suchasschoolbuses.Forexample,wehopetocomparetheaccidentratesofyellowschoolbusesagainstthoseofothercolorstofindoutifyellowisindeedasafercolorforschoolbuses.Besides,we’realsointerestedtolookatprivate-hirevehiclesanddoacomparisonoftheaccidentratesofvehiclesthatareofdifferentcolors.”ExplainedProfHo.1、Whydoyellowtaxisresultinfeweraccidents?A．Becauseyellowcanbeseenmoreeasily.B．Becauseyellowsignalsawarningofdanger.C．Becausedriverstendtobemorecarefulinyellowtaxis.D．Becausepeopleactmorequicklyinyellowsurroundings.2、What’sProfHo’sstudybasedon?A．Physicalriskstaxipassengersexperience.B．Theeconomiceffectofchangingtaxicolor.C．DatafromSingapore’slargesttaxicompany.D．Personalreportsfromtaxidriversworldwide.3、WhatdoProfHo’swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Schoolbusesshouldbepaintedyellow.B．Theirfindingsareworthpopularizing.C．Theirstudywillbefurthered.D．Yellowshouldbewidelyusedinpublictransport.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Caution:yellowtaxisaheadB．SafertorideinyellowtaxisC．Whyareyellowtaxispreferred?D．Howcancolorshelppreventaccidents?24．（8分）Abitefromatsetsefly(采采蠅)isanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Itisnotlikeamosquito,whichcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourblood,oftenwithoutyounoticing.Incontrast,thetsetsefly’smouthhastinysawsonitthatsawintoyourskinonitswaytosuckoutyourblood.Tomakemattersworse,severalspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases.Oneofthemostdangerousisaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂,or＂humanAfricantrypanosomiasis＂togiveititsofficialname.Withouttreatment,aninfectionisusuallyfatal.Likesomanytropicaldiseases,sleepingsicknesshasoftenbeenneglectedbymedicalresearchers.However,researchershavelongendeavoredtounderstandhowitavoidsourbodies’defencemechanisms.Someoftheirinsightscouldnowhelpuseliminatesleepingsicknessaltogether.Therearetwoclosely-relatedsingle-celledparasitesthatcausethisdeathlysleep:TrypanosomabruceirhodesienseandT.b.gambiense.Thelatterisfarmorecommon:itisresponsibleforupto95%ofcases,mostlyinwesternAfrica.Ittakesseveralyearstokillaperson,whileT.bruceirhodesiensecancausedeathwithinmonths.Therearestillotherformsthatinfectlivestock.Aftertheinitialbite,sleepingsicknesssymptomsoftenstartwithafever,headachesandachingmuscles.Astheillnessgoeson,thoseinfectedbecomeincreasinglytired,whichiswhereitgetsitsname.Personalitychanges,severeconfusionandpoorcoordinationcanalsohappen.Whilemedicationdoeshelp,sometreatmentsaretoxicandcanthemselvesbedeadly,especiallyiftheyaregivenafterthediseasehasreachedthebrain.Itisworthnotingthatsleepingsicknessisnolongerasdeadlyasitoncewas.Intheearly20thCenturyseveralhundredthousandpeoplewereinfectedeachyear.Bythe1960sthediseasewasconsidered＂undercontrol＂andhadreachedverylownumbers,makingitsspreadmoredifficult.Butinthe1970stherewasanothermajorepidemic,whichtook20yearstocontrol.Sincethen,betterscreeningprogrammesandearlierinterventionshavereducedthenumberofcasesdramatically.In2009therewerefewerthan10,000casesforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan,andin2015thisfiguredroppedtofewerthan3,000,accordingtothelatestfiguresfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation.TheWHOhopesthediseasewillbecompletelyeliminatedby2020.Whilethisdeclinelookspositive,theremaybemanymorecasesthatgounreportedinruralAfrica.Toeliminatethediseasecompletely,infectionshavetobecloselymonitored.Moreproblematically,aseriesofnewstudieshaveshownthattheparasiteismorecomplicatedthanpreviouslybelieved.Sleepingsicknesshasalwaysbeenconsidered——anddiagnosed——asablooddisease,becauseT.bruceiparasitescanreadilybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims.1、Atsetseflyisdifferentfromamosquitointhat________.A．itcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourbloodB．allspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseasesC．itcanspreadaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂D．itsmouthhaslargersawsthanthoseonamosquito2、Whatcanbelearnedabout＂sleepingsickness＂accordingtothetext?A．Itisformallycalled＂humanAmericantrypanosomiasis＂.B．Ifleftuntreated,itcanpossiblybedeadly.C．Itremainsasdeadlyasitusedtobe.D．Itusuallydrawsattentionfrommedicalresearchers.3、Whatisimpliedinthelastthreeparagraphs?A．＂Sleepingsickness＂willbecompletelyeliminatedby2020.B．Theparasitecausing＂sleepingsickness＂iseasytodetectnow.C．T.bruceiparasitescanonlybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims.D．Dataabout＂sleepingsickness＂casesmaynotbesoaccurate.4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．Amosquitothatcancarrydeadlydiseases.B．Abitefromthisflyputsyouintoadeadlysleep.C．Symptomsthatarecharacteristicof＂sleepingsickness＂.D．Howtocontroldeadly＂sleepingsickness＂fromatsetsefly.25．（10分）ChinesefashiondesignerWangTaoreleasedherfall-winter2019collectioninNewYorkonFebruary9,thetenthtimeherbrand,TaorayWang,hasbeenfeaturedattheNewYorkFashionWeek.SittingonthefrontrowoftheshowwereU.S.PresidentDonaldTrump’syoungestdaughterTiffanyTrumpwithhermotherMarlaMaples,aswellasformerFoxNewshostKimberlyGuilfoyle.TiffanyTrump,afanofTaorayWang,woreacustommadewhitedouble-breastedcoatbyWangtoherfather’sinauguration(就職典禮)ceremonyinJanuary2017.Wang’slatestcollection,Eternity,ispartlyinspiredbyTiffanyTrump.Inthiscollection,Wangcombinestheunconventionalbeautyofthe1970s,representedbyfamousAmericanmodelLaurenHuttonandthefemalelookfavoredbypeoplesuchasTiffanyTrump.Thetwowomenarefromintwodifferentagegroupswithtwodifferentstylesbutbothareconfidentandbrave,saidWangwhileattendinghershowinManhattan.“Beautyisnotabouttimeorage.It’sallaboutattitude.’’AlongwithChina’sgrowingeconomicstrength,Chinesefashionhasgraduallygainedworldwideattention,saidWang,addingthatonlywhenmoreandmoreforeignerswearclothesdesignedbyChinesepeople,willitmeanarealriseofChinesefashionontheglobalstage.Wanghasadiversebackground.WithadegreeinhistoryfromEastChinaNormalUniversityinShanghai,WanggotaseconddegreeinfashionfromJapan’stopfashioninstituteTokyoModeGakut'n,whereshereceivedfiveinternationalawardsindesign.ShewasselectedbyJunkoKoshino—awell-kownJapanesedesigner,toheadthestudioasthechiefmen’sdesigner.Torealizeherglobalcareerambitions,WangthenleftJapantogototheUKwheresheworkedasaleadingdesigner.In2002shereturnedtoChinaandledtherepositioningofbroadcast:bo,makingitoneofthetop10Chinesewomen’slabels.WangiscurrentlyaboardmemberoftheShanghaiRiboFashionGroup.1、WhoprobablygaveWang’sinspirationforherlatestcollection?A．TiffanyTrumpandMarlaMaples. B．JunkoKoshirioandKirnbrlyGuilfnyle.C．TiffanyTrumpandDonaldTrump. D．TiffanyTrumpandLaurenHutlon.2、WheredidWangTaowinfiveinternationalawardsindesign?A．InTokyo. B．InNewYork. C．InManhattan. D．InShanghai.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．BothTaorayWangandboarewellreceived.B．WangTaoworkedinUKasachiefmen’sdesigner.C．ItistheTrumpwhomakeWangTaobecomefamous.D．WangTaostudiedfashioninEastChinaNormalUniversity.4、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．WangTao’sdiverseeducationbackground.B．AChinesedesigner’swayontheglobalstage.C．ThedesignstyleofaChinesefashiondesigner.D．WangTao’sfall-winter2019collectioninNewYork.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項．26．（30分）MybrotherandIwereinOrlandoFloridatowitnessourfirstSpaceShuttleLaunch.TheDiscoverywas1tosoarat10:14AMonablueskySeptemberday.I’dseenit2somanytimesontelevision,3nowIwasonlyminutesawayfromseeingitlaunch.Andit’sthefinaldemonstrationofthe4ofsuccess:SuccessTakesOffLikeaRocket.WitnessingtheTakeOff:StandingclosetotheSpaceShuttle5homeoneunforgettablepoint—theShuttleistheheightofa15-storybuilding—it64.5millionpounds—andNASAistryingtoliftit200milesofftheground.OnTVtheaccomplishmentslooksomuch7,somucheasier.CrowdsofpeoplearestandingaroundwithyoutowatchtheShuttlego.Thecountdownbeginsthroughthesmall8ofhundredsofportableradiosalltunedtotheNASAstation.It’senoughtogetyourheartbeating9Whentimeisup,thesideboosterrocketsarelitupandtheeightexplosivebolts10Thefirstthingsyouseearelargewhite11cloudsexplodingaway.Throughthesteam,youseethefirepower.ThentheSpaceShuttlebeginstoinchoffthepadandclimbitsway12Thousandsuponmillionsofpoundsof13canhardlylifttheshuttleatall.Butwitheverincreasingease,theshuttlepicksupandroarsintothesky,headedintospaceattaininga14ofover17,000mph.ItiswithinthefirsttwominutestolaunchtheSpaceShuttlethatthegreatsuccesslessonis15Fact:85%oftheshuttle’sfuelisconsumedwithinthefirst2minutesjusttogetthe15-storysuperstructuretoitsorbital16Andthat’sexactlyhowsuccess17:Thefirststepsyoutaketowardslaunchingasuccessfulcareerarethe18andwillrequireanenormousconsumptionofenergy—agreatbigpush.However,19youpersistthroughthelaunchperiod,whichcanseemalmost20forquitesometime,everythinggetseasierandeasierandyourresultsgetbiggerandbigger.1、A．advised B．hoped C．scheduled D．reminded2、A．riseup B．comeup C．stepup D．goup3、A．but B．and C．as D．therefore4、A．universe B．world C．nature D．air5、A．gets B．drives C．runs D．jumps6、A．costs B．weighs C．measures D．sells7、A．smaller B．greater C．bigger D．smoother8、A．rockets B．workers C．speakers D．actors9、A．offyourmouth B．outofyourstomach C．offyourmind D．outofyourchest10、A．blow B．follow C．glow D．flow11、A．gas B．smoke C．mist D．steam12、A．downward B．upward C．forward D．outward13、A．pull B．lift C．push D．pressure14、A．distance B．degree C．height D．speed15、A．ordinary B．absolute C．apparent D．present16、A．attitude B．altitude C．route D．rail17、A．putsoff B．paysoff C．takesoff D．dropsoff18、A．hardest B．easiest C．simplest D．biggest19、A．while B．if C．unless D．until20、A．useless B．careless C．wireless D．priceless第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe1．(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.2．(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwepersistinthispractice,graduallywe3．(learn)howtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany4．(difficult).Inthefirstplace,itoftenhappens5．wehavetroublefindingandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.Anditis6．(extreme)hardforustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.AsfarasI’mconcerned,my7．(recommend)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionary8．easyreach.Wheneversomethingbeats9．,wecanfirstputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.In10．word,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10