高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題五 名詞 考點(diǎn)聚焦法講解與練習(xí)（無(wú)答案）

6/66/66/6專(zhuān)題五名詞考點(diǎn)聚焦個(gè)體名詞：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體。集體名詞：表示由假設(shè)干個(gè)體組成的集合體。個(gè)體名詞：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體。集體名詞：表示由假設(shè)干個(gè)體組成的集合體。物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法再分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象概念。專(zhuān)有名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞普通名詞物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞名詞的句法功能作主語(yǔ)：Theteacherarrived.作表語(yǔ)：Heisanactor.作賓語(yǔ)：Iboughtabook.(動(dòng)賓)Ispoketomymother.(介賓)作定語(yǔ)：Isitatimetable?作同位語(yǔ)：Theteacherhasgreatconcernforusstudents.作稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)：Pleasecomein,ComradeLi.名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)那么變化情況方法例詞一般情況加-sstudents,teachers,doctors,tables以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-esglasses,dishes,boxes,watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以元音字母+y結(jié)尾加-sboys,toys以f或fe結(jié)尾大多數(shù)變f或fe為v,再加-esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少數(shù)加-sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加-sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos有的加-estomatoes,potatoes,heroes合成名詞把中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)passers-by,story-tellers,housewives少數(shù)不規(guī)那么的復(fù)數(shù)形式變換名詞內(nèi)部元音字母構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)goose--geesefoot--feetman--mentooth--teethmouse--micewoman--women單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheepdeerworks(工廠)means(方式)常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：clothesglasseschopstickstrousersgoodscontentsbelongingssurroundings集體名詞的數(shù)(側(cè)重整體時(shí),表單數(shù)意義；側(cè)重成員時(shí),表復(fù)數(shù)意義)classfamilyteampolice名詞的數(shù)量修飾語(yǔ)只修飾可數(shù)名詞manyfew/afewseveralmanya(后跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)anumberofquiteafew只修飾不可數(shù)名詞little/alittlemuchabitofagreatdealof/alargeamountof既可修飾可數(shù),也可修飾不可數(shù)someanyenoughplentyofalotofquantitiesoftherestof名詞的格所有格的含義：表示所屬：Tom’scar表示類(lèi)別：awomen’scollege女子學(xué)院表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受著：theteacher’spraisechildren’seducation所有格的兩種種不同形式’s所有格表示人或其它有生命的名詞,常在詞尾加’smysister’stelephonenumber表示兩者或多者各自的關(guān)系時(shí),分別加’s或’;表示兩者或多者共同擁有時(shí),在最后一個(gè)名詞加’s或’Tom’sandJim’sroomsTomandJim’sroom表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞常省略。atthebarber’sattheteacher’satmeuncle’s④表示具體的時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)等tenminutes’breakLondon’swatersystemof所有格of所有格用于表示無(wú)生命的名詞；名詞短語(yǔ)或有定語(yǔ)修飾的名詞也可以用of所有格。thetittleofthesongthewindowoftheroomThelifeofthepoorthenameoftheboystandingthere雙重所有格名詞+of+名詞所有格：afriendofmyfather’s名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞：somefriendsofmine構(gòu)詞法--名詞后加-(t)ion,表示“行為或狀態(tài)〞：action,collection,suggestion,invitation,information,instruction,pollution,solution...后加-ment,表示“行為或結(jié)果〞：achievement,management,amusement,requirement,statement,development,equipment,disagreement,advertisement,appointment...后加-er/-or,表示“的人〞：reporter,waiter,interviewer,player,farmer,learner,actor,visitor,director,inventor...后加-ant,表示“的人〞：assistant,attendant,servant,merchant...后加-ist,表示“專(zhuān)家,從事的人〞：tourist,violinist,pianist,artist,scientist...后加-ian/-an,表示“有特征的,專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)于的人〞：musician,historian,physician...后加-ice,表示“行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)〞：notice,justice,service,choice...后加-dom,表示“集體,領(lǐng)域,狀態(tài)〞：freedom,kingdom,wisdom...※真題演練Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakes.Imascienc)whotudisanimalssuchasapsandmons.histndhashadsomeuninnddsidefct)suchasoweightandhatdisase.Itallowdpopletooidtiblecowd)ontheoads.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe (introduce)oflectic-powdnginesandlifts.Sheisdtmindtoaryonwithhreduc.Shehastuneddownsaliniation)tosaratshowsinodrtoconcnteonhrstudis.Soo’lllaalsnseofachi).centstud)showthatweaermoepoductieatwok.ThegreatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.DakwsoftheLiRiaepictudbyatistsinsomayhinesepainting).Whatakestheadobedwellinsadirableistheir(able)to“aircondition〞ahouse.Motofusthe (chang)aegadualandquiealotoftandwok.akinghinsedish)issenasspeciallytoublsom.Lna hlsson pulldoutahandfulofsmallcaot).※單句填空Wasitbecauseofhis_____(lazy)thathedidn’tdotheexperimentsuccessfully?Thegovernmentsareverycautiousaboutsettinganewpolicyandmakeno_______(decide)untiltheyarequitesuretheyaretherightones.__________(misunderstand)arisingfromlackofsocial__________(communicate),unlesshandledproperly,mayleadtoseriousproblem.Wearenowingreattrouble,soyourfinancialaidwillcertainlymakea_______(different).ThesuccessfullandingonthemoonbytheChang’e-3canbeastrong__________(motivate)forspacetravel.________(prevent)isbetterthancure,andmedicationshouldconsidertheneedsofindividuals.Doyoustillbelieveinyournet-friend?Yes,Ialwaysholdthe_______(believe)thatheisanhonestfellow.Anyway,Ican’tcheatparentsIt’sagainstmy_______(