儀表防爆及接地系統(tǒng)施工方案中英

儀表防爆及接地系統(tǒng)施工方案 Construction SchemeforInstrumentExplosionproofandEarthingSystem編制說明：1在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置中，許多易燃、易爆、易揮發(fā)的工藝介質出現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)流程中，防爆施工對裝置的安全運行非常重要；各種工藝參數(shù)的檢測、顯示和控制都實現(xiàn)了自動化、集中化、智能化，特別是集散控制系統(tǒng)（ DCS）的廣泛應用，對儀表接地系統(tǒng)的要求越來越高。正確完成儀表接地系統(tǒng)，對保證設備及人身安全，保證裝置安全運行意義重大。為了高速優(yōu)質地完成裝置防爆及接地施工任務，特編制本方案。編制依據(jù)22.1設計施工圖及其它設計文件。2.2現(xiàn)行《自動化儀表工程施工及驗收規(guī)范》。2.3現(xiàn)行的《電氣裝置安裝工程施工及驗收規(guī)范》。2.4現(xiàn)行《自動化儀表工程質量檢驗評定標準》。2.5廠商提供的產(chǎn)品安裝使用說明書等技術文件。2.6公司《質量保證手冊》、《質量體系子程序》及其支撐性文件。工程概況3.工程概況應包括：工程名稱、地點、規(guī)模、特點、范圍、主要技術參數(shù)、主要實物工程量、工期要求及投資等。4.防爆施工：Explosion-proofConstruction:4.1一般規(guī)定：GeneralRegulations:爆炸和火災危險區(qū)域使用的電氣、

儀表設備的防爆形式及配線方式必須符

合設計要求，并滿足使用區(qū)域的防爆等級規(guī)定。

Thestyleofexplosion-proofandwiringforelectricequipmentandinstrumentequipment,whichusedinexplosionandfiredangerousareas,mustaccordwiththedesignrequirementandcontentwithexplosionproofclassstipulation.安裝在爆炸和火災危險區(qū)域的儀表、電氣設備和材料，必須具有符合現(xiàn)行國家或行業(yè)標準中規(guī)定的防爆質量技術鑒定文件和防爆產(chǎn)品出廠合格證．書。設備、材料的外觀應無損傷和裂紋。Concerningelectricandinstrumentalequipmentandmaterialthatisinstalledinexplosionandfiredangerousarea,theirexplosion-proofqualitytechniqueappraisaldocumentandexplosion-proofmanufacturecertificatemustbecompliancewiththenewstandardrequirementofcountryorvocation.Therearen'tdamageandcrackinappearanceofdeviceandmaterial.在爆炸和火災危險場所使用的防爆電氣、儀表設備，應有銘牌和防爆標志，并在銘牌上標明國家授權的部門所發(fā)給的防爆合格證編號。Fortheexplosion-proofelectricandinstrumentalequipmentthatisusedinexplosionandfiredangerousarea,thenameplateandexplosion-proofmarkshouldappearontheequipment,thenumberofexplosion-proofcertificateissuedbythedepartmentofnationalaccreditationshouldbeprovidedonnameplate.在爆炸和火災危險場所安裝的正壓通風的儀表盤（箱） 、接線箱及電氣、儀表設備、除本質安全型外，應有“電源未切斷不得打開”的標志。Thepluspressureventilationinstrumentpanel(box),junctionbox,electricequipmentandinstrumentequipmentinstalledinexplosiveandfiredangerousarea,excepttheintrinsicallysafetype,itshouldhas“Donotopenwhenenergized”notice.儀表電氣線路采用的電纜溝、匯線槽、保護管和儀表連接管路在穿越不同防爆等級的爆炸和火災區(qū)域的分隔間壁時，在分隔間壁外，必須做充填密封。Fortrench,cabletray,protectionpipeusedforinstrumentelectriccircuitandinstrumentconnectionpiping,iftheycrosstheseparatedroomindifferentexplosion-proofclassexplosionandfirearea,fillingandsealingshouldbedoneoutsidetheseparatedroom.4.2設備安裝ErectingEquipment:采用正壓通風防爆的儀表盤（箱），接線箱，安裝后應保證箱內壓力維持在不低于設計規(guī)定的壓力值，當有低壓力時,其聯(lián)鎖或報井裝置動作應準確、可靠。Fortheexplosion-proofinstrumentpanel(box),junctionboxwithpluspressureventilation,aftertheyareinstalled,thepressureinboxandinterlockthepressure.designthethanlowernoensuredbeshouldalarmunitshouldactcorrectlyandreliablywhenthepressureislow.采用正壓通風防爆的儀表盤（箱）、接線箱，其正壓力通風管路必須保持暢通，且不宜安裝切斷閥。Theexplosion-proofinstrumentpanel(box),junctionboxadoptingpluspressureairiness,itspluspressureairinesspipingmustremainaccessibleandshouldnotmountshuttingoffvalue.在爆炸和火災危險場所安裝的儀表箱、 分線箱、接線盒及防爆儀表、 電氣設備引入電纜時，應采用防爆密封填料進行密封； 多根電纜穿一根管時， 可用密封盒并用適當填充料密封。 外殼上多余的孔應做防爆密封。Fortheinstrumentbox,junctionbox,wiringbox，explosion-proofinstrumentandelectricequipmentwhichinstalledinexplosionandfiredangerousareas,theentranceofcableshouldbesealedwithexplosion-proofsealfilling.Whenoneconduitcontainsmultiplecable,theentrancecanmountsealingboxwithproprietyfilling.Doexplosion-proofsealingtospareholesinshell.防爆儀表箱、分線箱、接線箱的門（蓋）應有彈性密封墊圈， 或隔防密封面連接螺栓應均Theseparatedboardsshould勻緊密，并應有彈簧墊。Coversshouldhavespringsealingwasherforexplosion-proofinstrumentbox,junctionbox,andconnectionbox.Andconnectionboltsandnutsofshallbetightequablyandhavefaceandseparatingpreventingspringwasher.防爆電氣、儀表設備的安裝應牢固，內部接線必須正確、牢固，并有防松和防拔脫裝置。Theexplosion-proofelectricandinstrumentdevicesshallbeinstalledfirmly.Insidewiringmustbecorrectandfirmwithlooseness-proofandshedding-proofunit.電氣線路安裝ErectingElectricalcableline:穿越不同等級的爆炸和火災危險區(qū)域分隔間壁的電纜溝的密封措施：Sealingwayfortrenchthatcrossesseparatedwallsbelongingtodifferentclassofexplosionandfiredangerousareas:a.電纜溝內充砂密封，可敷設一層電纜，充填一層砂，砂層厚約 100mm。 電纜全部敷設完后，充砂填滿電纜溝。Methodoffillingfinesandintotrench:fillingone-layersandabout100mmdepthafterinstallonelayercable.Thetrenchshallbefullofsandafterallcablelayout.。1mb.在分界處兩側安裝隔板，隔板之間充砂，長度不少于befixedatbothsidesofinterface,zonebetweenboardsshallbefilledwithsand,andthelengthisnolessthan1m.c.在分界處用阻火密封填料充填。Sealingwithfire-resistantfillingattheinterfaces.取的密匯線槽穿越不同級別的爆炸，火災危險區(qū)域分界處時，可采 封措施：Takingairproofmeasureswherecabletraypassesthroughtheinterfaceofdifferentclassexplosionandfiredangerousareas:在分界處作氣密砂封。 a.Carryoutsealwithsandattheinterface.b.在分界處用阻火密封填料充填，形成密封阻擋層。Sealwithfire-resistantsealfillingattheinterfaceandformsealingandresistantlayer.敷設在爆炸和火災危險區(qū)域內的電纜（線）保護管應選用厚壁鍍鋅管。選用的管件應按危險區(qū)域的級別采用合適的防爆結構形式。Choosethick-wallgalvanizedconduitascableprotectiveconduitlaidinexplosionandfiredangerousareas.Selectedpipepiecesshouldadoptproperexplosion-proofstructureandtypeaccordingtorequirementsofthedangerousareasclass.保護管與設備或管件之間的連接應采用圓柱管螺紋連接，螺紋有效嚙合部分應在 6螺距以上，與設備連接應用鎖緊螺母鎖緊。 螺紋上應涂電力復合脂或導電性防銹脂。 不得在螺紋上 纏麻涂鉛油、纏絕緣膠帶或涂其它油漆。Adoptcylindricalgasthreadtoconnectconduitanddevicesorpipe-pieces.Makesurethateffectiveengagementismorethansixpitchesandlocktightlyequipmentswithlocknut.Thethreadshallbepaintedwithelectricpoly-greaseorconductiveantirustgrease.Notwringhempropes,notwringinsulatedtapeandnotpaintleadoilorotherpainting.儀表電氣線路，在防爆區(qū)內不應有中間接頭，當必須有中間接頭時，應在防爆接線箱內進行，且應連接牢固、緊密，接頭良好并有防松和防拔脫裝置。Instrumentelectricalcircuitshallnothavemiddlejointinexplosion-proofarea.Ifitisobligatory,jointshallbeintheexplosionelectricalrightallhavetight,andhardconnectionkeepbox,junctionconductivitywithlooseness-proofandshedding-proofunit.線路沿工藝管架敷設時，其位置應在爆炸和火災危險性小的一側Whenlaylinealongtheprocesspipestanchion,layoutlocationshouldbeatthesidethatpossibilityofexplosionandfireislittle.當工藝管線內爆炸和火災危險介質的密度大于空氣時，應在工藝管道的上 方，反之，應在其下方。Whendensityofexplosionandfiredangerousmediumintheprocesspipeisheavierthanthatofair,itslayoutlocationshouldbeabovetheprocesspipe;onthecontrary,itslayoutlocationshallbebelow.保護管與現(xiàn)場儀表設備連接時，應安裝隔爆密封管件并做充填密封，密封管件與儀表設備之間的距離不應大于0.45m。密封管件與儀表之間的連接可采用撓性連接管，并按防爆要求書進行裝配。撓性連接管的材質應與使用環(huán)境條件相符適合。Whenconnectprotectionpipewithinstrumentequipmentatsite,theexplosion-proofandairtightpipeconnectorsshallbeinstalled,filledandsealed.Makesurethatthedistancebetweenairproofpipeconnectorsandinstrumentequipmentisnomorethan0.45m.Theflexiblepipecanbeusedtoconnectairtightpiecesandinstrumentandmountaccordingtoexplosion-proofinstructionbook.Atmeantime,flexiblematerialshallagreewithapplicationcondition.4.4本安系統(tǒng)施工：ConstructionofIntrinsicallySafeSystem:本質安全線路及其附件，應具有耐久性蘭色標記。Theintrinsicallysafelineandaccessoriesshallbemarkedwithbluewearmark.本質安全線路與非本質安全線路之間應加屏蔽，且保持一定的距離。 separatetheintrinsicallysafecircuitfromthenon -intrinsicallysafecircuitandkeepsomedistancebetweenthem.本質安全線路中的安全柵、隔離器等關聯(lián)設備的安裝位置，應在安全場所一側，或置于另一與環(huán)境相適應的防爆設備外殼內。需接地的關聯(lián)設備， 應可靠接地。Safebars,separatorsandotherrelatedequipmentsintheintrinsicallysafelineshallbeerectedatthesideofsafelocationorintoexplosion-proofdeviceshellthataccordswithconditions.Equipmentsneededearthingshallbereliablygrounded.不同系列的本質安全型儀表及本質安全線路的關聯(lián)設備，必須有國家授權的部門發(fā)給的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)許可證和防爆合格證，其型號規(guī)格的替代，必須經(jīng)原設計單位以文件形式確認。Forrelateddevicesofvariousseriesintrinsicallysafeinstrumentsandlines,theirmanufacture'slicenseandexplosionproofcertificate,approvedbynationalauthoritydepartment,mustbeprovided.Ifwanttoreplacethem,theirspecificationsandtypesmustbeapprovedbyprimarydesignunitinformoffiles.5.接地系統(tǒng)施工：ConstructionforEarthingSystem:5.1一般規(guī)定：GeneralRegulations:儀表接地系統(tǒng)一般分為保護接地、信號回路接地、屏蔽接地和本安系 統(tǒng)接地四種。Instrumentearthingsystemgenerallycomprisesoffourtypes:safeguardearthing,signalloopearthing,shieldearthingandintrinsicallysafeearthing儀表系統(tǒng)的各種接地應各成系統(tǒng)，互相分開，各自接地母線，接地干 線，分支線之間應彼此絕緣。Allearthlingsofinstrumentsystemshouldhaveitsownsystem,everyearthlingsystemshallseparateandconnecttoitsownearthingbus.Busandbranch-lineshouldbeinsulatedeachother.儀表接地系統(tǒng)的接地電阻值，應分別符合各自系統(tǒng)的廠商技術文件或 設計文件的要求。 Earthingresistanceofinstrumentearthingsystemshouldbecompliancewithrequirementsofmanufacture'stechnicalfilesordesignfilesforrespective當有防干擾需求時，多芯電纜中的備用芯線應在一點接地。屏蔽電纜的備用芯線與電纜屏蔽層，應在同一側接地。 Whenitisneededtopreventdisturbance,sparecoresofmulti-corecableshouldbegroundedatonepoint.Sparecoresofshieldedcableanditsshieldshouldbegroundedatthesameside.接地線的顏色應符合設計規(guī)定，并設置黃 /綠標志。Colorofearthingwireshouldconformtodesignregulationsandsetyellow-greensign.接地系統(tǒng)的連線應使用銅芯絕緣電纜或電線，采用銅質螺栓緊固。儀表盤（箱） 、柜內的接地匯流排，應使用銅材，并由絕緣支架固定。接地總干線 與接地體之間應采用焊接。Connectionlineforearthingsystemshouldapplywithcopper-coreinsulatedcableorwireandfastenoncopperboltandnut.Earthingbusbarinsideinstrumentpanel(box)orcabinetshallbemadeofcopperandbefixedbyinsulatedsupport.Applyweldingbetweenearthingmainlineandearthingpole.自己制作接地匯流排時， 連接螺栓與匯流排之間的連接宜采用在匯流排上攻絲的方式連接。Whenfabricateearthingbusbarbyourselves,connectboltwithbusbarbytappingthread.5.2保護接地SafeguardEarthing:用電儀表的外殼，儀表盤、柜、箱、盒和電纜槽，保護管、支架底座等正常不帶電的金屬部分，由于絕緣破壞而有可能帶危險電壓者，均應做保護接地。供電電壓低于或等于 24V的就地儀表、開關等，設計無特殊要求時，可不做保護接地。Allnotelectriferousmetallicpartsinnormalcondition,suchasshellofusage-powerinstruments,instrumentpanel,cabinet,box,caseandcabletray,conduit,supportfoundationetc.,shouldbeperformedsafeguardearthingiftheirinsulationlayershavebeendamagedandmayhavedangerousvoltage.Whendesigndoesnotrequire,safeguardearthingforlocalinstrument,switch,etc.,whosesupply 在非爆炸危險場所的金屬盤、板上安裝的按鈕、信號燈、繼電器等小型低壓電器的金屬外殼， 當與已接地的金屬盤、板接觸良好時， 可不做保護接地。Alllowvoltageelectricaldevicesinsmallsize,suchaspushbutton,signallight,relayetc.,fixedonmetalpanelandboardinnon-explosionarea,iftheirconnectionwithgroundedmetallicpanelorboardisingoodcondition,theirsafeguardearthingcanbeignored.保護接地系統(tǒng)可接到電氣工程低壓電氣設備的保護接地網(wǎng)上，連接應 牢固可靠，不應串聯(lián)接地。Safeguardearthingsystemcanconnecttosafeguardearthingnetforelectricengineeringlowvoltageplantsandensureconnectionreliableandhard.However,forbidexecutingserialearthing.在建筑物上安裝的匯線槽及電纜保護管，當設計文件無只能一點接地的規(guī)定時，可多點接地。Forcableductandprotectivepipeerectedontobuilding,ifdesignfilesdonotrequireonlyone-pointearthing,multi-pointearthingisavailable.5.3信號回路接地：SignalLoopEarthing:信號回路的接地點應在顯示儀表側， 當采用接地型熱電偶和檢測元件 已接地的儀表時，不應再在顯示儀表側接地。Signalloopearthingshouldbeperformedatthesideofdisplayinstrument.Ifusingwell-groundedthermocoupleormeasuringelementsofinstrumenthavebeenearthed,earthingatthesideofdisplayisunnecessary.各儀表回路和系統(tǒng)只應有一個信號回路接地點除非使用隔離器將兩個 接地點之間的直、流信號回路隔離開。Everyinstrumentsignalloopandsystemshouldhaveonlyone-pointearthingingeneral,exceptthatusingseparatortosegregateDCsignalloopbetweentwoearthingpoints.電磁流量計、渦輪流量計、分析儀表等儀表設備、應按儀表安裝使用 說明書等廠商技術文件的要求接地Forinstrumentssuchassolenoidflowmeter,turbineflowmeterandanalyzingelements,carryoutearthingaccordingtoinstallationoroperationinstructionandmanufacture'stechniquefiles.信號回路接地可與屏蔽接地共用一個單獨的接在系統(tǒng)。Signalloopearthingandshieldearthingcanshareasingleearthingsystem.屏蔽接地：4．ShieldEarthing:屏蔽電纜（線）屏蔽層的接地應在顯示儀表側，同一線路的屏蔽層應具有可靠的電氣連續(xù)性，且只能一點接地。Performshieldearthingforshieldedcableatsideofdisplayinstrument.Forthesameconduit,ensureshieldhasreliableelectriccontinuityandearthatone-point.電纜屏蔽層在儀表盤和接線箱接線時，其屏蔽層應用絕緣保護套保護，不得與盤體或箱體接觸。Whenperformingconnectioninsideofinstrumentpanelorjunctionbox,shieldshouldbeprotectedwithinsulatedsheathtopreventittouchpanelorbox.屏蔽電纜電纜頭制作時，若不需將屏蔽引出，應將屏蔽層與電纜護套切斷，若需要將屏蔽引出，網(wǎng)狀屏蔽應套絕緣管，絕緣管端包在電纜頭內，紙 狀屏蔽應焊接引線。 Whilemakingcableterminal,ifitisunnecessarytofetchouttheshield,cutoffshieldlayerfromcablesheath.Ifnecessarytofetchoutshield,fornet-shapedshield,housinginsulatedtubeandwrappingitsendintocableterminal;forpapyraceousshield,weldingwireisrequired.。屏蔽接地的引出線截面積應不小于

Wirecross-sectionareaforshieldearthingshallbenolessthan2.1.5mm當多根屏蔽電纜固定在一起且均需要接地時，向匯流排引線應均勻分布在匯流排所有的連接點上。Whenmanyshieldedcablesarebandedtogetherandallneedearthing,connectthemequallytojointpositionofbusbar.5.5本安系統(tǒng)接地：EarthingforIntrinsicallySafeSystem:本質安全線路本身不接地， 但儀表功能要求接地時， 應按儀表安 裝使用說明書和設計要求接地。Intrinsicallysafecircuititselfdoesnotground.Ifinstrumentfunctionrequiresittoground,carryoutearthingaccordingtoerectionandoperationinstructionanddesig