(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分 教材知識(shí)解讀 選擇性必修第三冊(cè) Unit 3 Environmental Protection (含答案)

Ⅰ.認(rèn)閱讀單詞1．graphn．圖；圖表；曲線(xiàn)圖2．emissionn．排放物；散發(fā)物；排放3．sealn．海豹4．methanen．甲烷；沼氣5．dioxiden．二氧化物6．carbondioxide二氧化碳7．habitableadj.適合居住的8．fossiln．化石9．fossilfuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影響全世界的11．footprintn．足跡；(某物所占的)空間量；面積12．basinn．流域；盆地；盆13．penguinn．企鵝14．implementvt.使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行15．moderateadj.適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt.緩和；使適中16．tropicaladj.熱帶的；來(lái)自熱帶的17．nuclearadj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．junglen．(熱帶)叢林；密林19．smogn．煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)20．originatevi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立21．volumen．量；體積；(成套書(shū)籍中的)一卷22．enterprisen．公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)23．regulationn．章程；規(guī)章制度24．disposaln．去掉；清除；處理25．waterwayn．水道；航道26．a(chǎn)gendan．議程表；議事日程Ⅱ.記重點(diǎn)單詞1．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化2．ecologyn．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)3．releasevt.&n．排放；釋放；發(fā)布4．carbonn．碳5．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行v．加強(qiáng)；刺激6．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的7．trendn．趨勢(shì)；趨向；動(dòng)向8．broadcastvt.&vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；廣播；傳播n．廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目9．policyn．政策；方針；原則10．seizevt.抓住；奪取；控制11．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；變革；改良12．undergovt.(underwent，undergone)經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受(變化、不快等)13．a(chǎn)nnualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鑒14．chaosn．混亂；雜亂；紊亂15．garbagen．垃圾；廢物16．restorevt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)17．dozenn．(一)打；十二個(gè)18．finevt.對(duì)……處以罰款19．campaignn．運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役vi.&vt.參加運(yùn)動(dòng)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)Ⅲ.知拓展單詞1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn．饑餓；餓死2．sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的3．frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)常→frequentadj.頻繁的→frequencyn．頻繁；發(fā)生率4．restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→restrictionn．限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；約束性的5．harmoniousadj.和諧的→harmonyn．和諧→harmoniouslyadv.和諧地6．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈遞(書(shū))；屈服7．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意思；感官vt.感覺(jué)到；察覺(jué)到8．conservationn．對(duì)(環(huán)境、文物等)保護(hù)；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的→conservev．保護(hù)；保存；節(jié)?。还?jié)約9．inspectionn．檢查；查看；視察→inspectvt.檢查；視察；檢閱→inspectorn．檢察員；督察員10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人2．dozensof許多；很多3．haveanimpacton對(duì)……有影響4．leadto導(dǎo)致5．causedamageto對(duì)……造成損害6．takemeasures采取措施7．dealwith處理8．a(chǎn)numberof許多9．carryout履行；執(zhí)行10．ineffect在實(shí)施中；實(shí)際上1．maximumadj.&n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)2．meanwhileadv.同時(shí)，與此同時(shí)3．median．新聞媒介；新聞媒體4．mentaladj.精神的；智力的mentallyadv.精神上；智力上5．mentionn．提及vt.提到；說(shuō)起6．merchantn．商人；生意人7．mercifuladj.仁慈的；寬大的8．merelyadv.僅僅；只不過(guò)1．ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(Thereislittledoubtthat...幾乎沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)……)幾乎沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)，地球正變得越來(lái)越溫暖。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))專(zhuān)家聲稱(chēng)，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰面下降意味著北極熊無(wú)法像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它不得不走很遠(yuǎn)的距離去尋找食物。3．The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.(that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句)“天然”溫室效應(yīng)是指太陽(yáng)的熱量以短波輻射的形式進(jìn)入大氣層，使地球表面變暖。4．Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.(含蓄虛擬條件句)如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)過(guò)程，地球就無(wú)法維持生命。5．Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.(when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)當(dāng)人類(lèi)燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生大量額外的溫室氣體時(shí)，更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起地球表面溫度迅速上升。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。eq\x(broadcast，starve，undergo，tolerate，submit，release)Withmoderategreenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide1.releasedintotheatmosphere，Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmoreheatenergythannecessaryexistsbecauseofburninganincreasingvolumeoffossilfuels.Hence，thewarmingtrendhasaffectedEarth’secologyandharmoniousdevelopment.Newsreportsarefrequently2.broadcastaboutpolarbears，sealsandpenguinsthatare3.starvedtodeathbecauseofthemeltingice.Tropicaljunglesaredestroyed，makingthemlesshabitableforanimals.Whathumanbeingscan’t4.tolerateisthatgarbageisthrowneverywhere，suchaswaterwaysandbasins.Facedwiththeseveresituations，worldwidegovernmentshavereformedpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandrestorethesensitiveecology.Dozensofenterpriseshave5.submittedandimplementedtheirconservationregulations，saying，“Wewillimmediatelycarryoutthedisposalofthewasteweproduce.”Individualscanalsoseizeeverychancetoreducethecarbonfootprintinthedailylife.AlthoughEarthhas6.undergonesomeecologicalchaos，peoplefromallovertheworldconfidentlysaythatthosemeasurescancreateasustainableworld.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死(starvationn．饑餓；餓死)?starvetodeath餓死?bestarvingforsth./todosth.渴望某事/做某事(1)Whatshockedthescientistswasthatmanysealsdiedfromstarvation(starve)becausetheycouldn’tfindenoughfoodtoeat.(2)我渴望學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檎莆沼⒄Z(yǔ)意味著我們可以通過(guò)一個(gè)新窗口看世界。(話(huà)題寫(xiě)作之語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí))IamstarvingtostudyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.seizevt.抓住；奪?。豢刂苨eizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)(1)警察看到一個(gè)小偷，沖向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作鏈描寫(xiě))Thepolicemanspottedathief，chargedforwardandseizedhimbythearm.(2)鑒于你口語(yǔ)不好，我強(qiáng)烈建議你抓住每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)Giventhatyoudon’tgetalongwellwithoralEnglish，Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)seizeeverychancetospeakEnglish.(3)我一看到父親陰云密布的臉，就感到恐懼。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之恐懼心理描寫(xiě))ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，panicseizedme.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服[submissionn．提交(物)；呈遞(書(shū))；屈服]submitsth.tosb.將某物提交給某人submit(oneself)to屈從于……(1)Wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissions(submit)withinsixweeks.(2)盡管日常生活中有許多挑戰(zhàn)和困境，我拒絕屈從于它們。Inspiteofchallengesandhardshipsinmydailylife，Ideclinetosubmittothem.(3)對(duì)這次夏令營(yíng)感興趣的人必須在5月15日前提交申請(qǐng)書(shū)和相關(guān)資料。ThosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterialsbyMay15.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許(tolerancen．寬??；忍耐；容忍tolerantadj.忍耐的；寬容的)?tolerate(sb./sb.’s)doingsth.忍受(某人)做某事?betolerantof/towardssb./sth.容忍/寬容某人/某事(1)Tobehonest，mytoleranceisnotlimitless，soIwillnotbealwaystolerantofyourrudebehavior.(tolerate)(2)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然會(huì)過(guò)得幸福。Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.onbehalfofsb./onsb.’sbehalf代表/代替某人representvt.代表我代表我們學(xué)校熱情、真誠(chéng)地歡迎你們來(lái)到中國(guó)。(1)Onbehalfofourschool/Onourschool’sbehalf，IwelcomeyoutoChinawarmlyandsincerely.(behalf)(2)Representingourschool，IwelcomeyoutoChinawarmlyandsincerely.(represent)ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.幾乎沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)，地球正在變得越來(lái)越溫暖。?本句中的doubt后接同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明doubt的具體內(nèi)容。?doubt的常見(jiàn)句型：Thereissomedoubtwhether...……有些疑問(wèn)。Thereisnodoubtthat...……是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。Idoubtwhether/if.../Ihavesomedoubtwhether...我懷疑……Idon’tdoubtthat.../Ihavenodoubtthat...我毫不懷疑……(1)我是否能夠激勵(lì)他努力學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)現(xiàn)他的目標(biāo)還有些疑問(wèn)。ThereissomedoubtwhetherIcaninspirehimtostudyhardtoachievehisgoal.(Thereissomedoubt...)(2)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)對(duì)孩子終生有益。Thereisnodoubtthatlearningaforeignlanguagewillbebeneficialtochildrenthroughouttheirlives.(3)幾乎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類(lèi)對(duì)地球的氣候造成了影響。ThereislittledoubtthatmanhashadanimpactontheEarth’sclimate.(4)我懷疑他是否勝任這個(gè)職位。①I(mǎi)doubtwhether/ifheisqualifiedfortheposition.(doubtv．)②Ihavesomedoubtwhetherheisqualifiedfortheposition.(doubtn．)Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)過(guò)程，地球就無(wú)法維持生命。?本句中的withoutthisprocess是介詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?without的這種用法既可表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo)，也可表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)。?有類(lèi)似用法的還有：with，otherwise/or(否則)，butfor(要不是)，ifonly(要是……就好了)等。(1)Withthemoderatemeasures，wewouldbuild(build)aharmonioussocietyinthefuture.(2)沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)老師的鼓勵(lì)和幫助，我早就放棄學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。WithoutmyEnglishteacher’sencouragementandassistance，IwouldhavegivenupstudyingEnglish.(3)簡(jiǎn)想：“要是我沒(méi)和丈夫吵架就好了?！被诤薜臏I水涌上了她的眼睛。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之后悔描寫(xiě))“IfonlyIhadn’tquarreledwithmyhusband，”Janethought.Tearsofregretwelledupinhereyes.(4)父親耐心地指導(dǎo)了這對(duì)雙胞胎。否則，他們就不會(huì)做出如此美味的早餐了。(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Thefatherpatientlyguidedthetwins.Otherwise/Ortheywouldn’thavecookedsuchadeliciousbreakfast.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．releaseA.vt.排放B.n.發(fā)布C.vt.釋放，放走D.vt.上映(1)ThenewfilmwillbereleasedonJuly16inthedowntowncinema.D(2)Thekindgirldecidedtoreleasethebirdfromthecage.C(3)ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.B(4)Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke，makingtheairdirty.A2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Hiswordsfueledherangerstillmore.刺激；加劇(2)Sherefusedtosubmittoanythreats.屈服Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Whenevertheconsultantinpsychologywaswornout，hewasstarvingforacupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.2．Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahowtorelease(release)histremendouspressure.3．Finally，Imadeupmymindtoseize(seize)theopportunitytoenhancemyoverallcompetence.4．Basedonwhatheobserved，thespecialistdecidedonsubmitting(submit)hismedicalreporttothepresidentofthehospital.5．Onbehalfofourschool，Iappealtoeachstudenttotakemorephysicalexercise.6．Thedentistwassensitivetocriticism，soshecouldn’ttoleratebeingcriticizedbyothers.7．Thesurgeoncan’ttoleratebeingdisturbed(disturb)byotherswhenheisabsorbedinreading.8．Mysonneversubmitshimselftohardships，soIrewardhimwithdozensofadventurebooks.9．Thankstotheschoolconsultant’sadvice，westudentscanliveharmoniously(harmonious)witheachother.10．Thenewsbroadcast(broadcast)onTVyesterdayabsorbedallthecitizens’attention.Ⅰ.單句寫(xiě)作——應(yīng)用文增分練邀請(qǐng)信——參加音樂(lè)節(jié)1．我一得知我們學(xué)校將舉行音樂(lè)節(jié)的好消息，就寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句)ThemomentIlearnthegoodnewsthatourschoolwillholdamusicfestival，Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendit.2．一些擅長(zhǎng)才藝的師生將表演精彩的節(jié)目。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))Someteachersandstudentsskilledintalentswillgivewonderfulperformances.3．當(dāng)所有的參與者于下周六上午8點(diǎn)到達(dá)操場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，音樂(lè)節(jié)就開(kāi)始。(when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Whenalltheparticipantsarriveattheplaygroundat8a．m.nextSaturday，themusicfestivalwillbegin.4．幾乎沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)，這次音樂(lè)節(jié)將促進(jìn)我們獲得全面發(fā)展。(Thereislittledoubtthat...)Thereislittledoubtthatthemusicfestivalwillstimulateustogainall-rounddevelopment.5．沒(méi)有你的出席，我將感到非常失望。因此，請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯的邀請(qǐng)。