句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)程課件

requireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusuallyrequireearndevoteinform英語(yǔ)詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)詞性共有十大類。PartsofSpeech英語(yǔ)詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)詞性共有十大類。Par1名詞

nounn.student學(xué)生2代詞pronounpron.you你

3形容詞

adjectiveadj.happy高興的4副詞

adverbadv.quickly迅速地

5動(dòng)詞

verbv.cut砍、割6數(shù)詞

numeralnum.three三

7冠詞

articleart.a一個(gè)8介詞

prepositionprep.at在...9連詞conjunctionconj.and和10感嘆詞

interjectioninterj.oh哦實(shí)詞虛詞1名詞nounn.student學(xué)生英語(yǔ)句子成分取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石英語(yǔ)句子成分取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石

句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。

★句子成分：主·謂·賓·表補(bǔ)·定·狀·同位語(yǔ)

句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)ImetmybestfriendToma㈠主語(yǔ)（subject）

句子說(shuō)明的人或事物,

主語(yǔ)一般位于______

。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）句首㈠主語(yǔ)（subject）

句子說(shuō)明的人或事物,

主語(yǔ)一般位于找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)出是有什么來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（動(dòng)名詞）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)出是有什么來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesun當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語(yǔ)？當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？說(shuō)謊㈡

謂語(yǔ)（predicate

）

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)（有時(shí)不止一個(gè)動(dòng)詞），主謂一般要靠在一起。簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing㈡謂語(yǔ)（predicate）

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和

選出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedup

C.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.

A.hasB.caught

C.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning選出下列句中的Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語(yǔ)（object

）動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）及物動(dòng)詞介詞Showyourpassport,please.（名

有些及物動(dòng)詞如give,tell,bring,buy等可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。通常情況下，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)多放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前?！g接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.有些及物動(dòng)詞如give,tell,bring,b賓語(yǔ)有三種動(dòng)賓Iboughtabook.直接/間接賓語(yǔ)

ShegaveJohn

abook．介賓Theytalkaboutabook.注意賓語(yǔ)有三種注意

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.

⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（四）表語(yǔ)（predicative

）在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.（四）表語(yǔ)（predicative）在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是系動(dòng)詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)2.表感官的sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表持續(xù)的keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表變化的become,grow,come,go6.表終止的prove,turnout證實(shí)…系動(dòng)詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（objectcomplement）

補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常用的動(dòng)詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等?

?Ifoundthebookinteresting.

（六）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）

位于名詞或代詞后面，解釋說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況，兩者的語(yǔ)法功能相同，后面是前面的同位語(yǔ)。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句（六）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）Weyoung（七）定語(yǔ)（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞)對(duì)n./pron.進(jìn)行修飾限定的成分，漢語(yǔ)中用‘……的’表示。()()()()()()（七）定語(yǔ)（attributive）Heisacl定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?定語(yǔ)后置：用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,狀語(yǔ)的位置靈活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))（八）狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,Iam狀語(yǔ)的分類:狀語(yǔ)按照內(nèi)容可分為時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,方式,程度,伴隨狀況等.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放句首。狀語(yǔ)的分類:表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)畫(huà)出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.畫(huà)出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)Iwillbebackina

句子成分鞏固練習(xí)

（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀主謂狀2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主謂賓4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀1.LastweekIwenttothesupe4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主狀謂狀狀6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓

youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀4.ItwasSunday.7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂

understand

aword.

謂賓8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓賓7.Ireadafewlines,butIdid9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主謂狀連謂定賓10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.賓定9.Igotupearlyandboughtth11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂狀同位語(yǔ)inthecentreofAustralia.

定11.Hehasjustboughtacaran12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂賓定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

狀連狀謂amealandaglassofbeer.

賓12.Hecallsateveryhousein13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主謂定間賓

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直賓13.Youwilltellyourfriennounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間)賓語(yǔ)(直)Vt系動(dòng)詞ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語(yǔ)句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.noun主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間)賓語(yǔ)(直)Vt系動(dòng)1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Therebe句型簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例1.Thingschanged.主+謂Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Practice??主附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。定語(yǔ)Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ(yǔ)Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語(yǔ)Johnoftencametochatwithm按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡(jiǎn)單句2)并列句3)復(fù)合句句子類型按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡(jiǎn)單句句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendraws

picturesforthewallnewspapers.簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。我們可以給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞修飾或給句子加上狀語(yǔ)修飾等，以使整個(gè)句子的意思變得更豐富和充實(shí)。但不管如何變，都只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Heworkedhardallhislife.(劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.

(劃線部分在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞student)我們可以給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句句型：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。e.g.YouhelphimandhehelpspracticeThisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.practiceThisismeandthesea就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句復(fù)合句就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.、(when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)句型名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句中的從句包括Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.請(qǐng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)改正下列病句Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.

Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping,we

Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland.Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIslandChinahashundredsofislandExercises判斷句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(簡(jiǎn)單句劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子)

(復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：Whathesays是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句；whathedoes是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句)Exercises判斷句型1.Havingfinishe3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句3.WeoftenstudyChinesehist6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句6.HeisinClassOneandIam9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?11.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.12.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句

復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句9.Neitherhashechangedhis1.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arriving B.toarrive C.havingarrivedD.andarrived2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter. A.whom B.where C.which D.while1.Shesetoutsoonafterdark3.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofthat4.SheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.

A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore3.RecentlyIboughtanancien5.____severaltimesaboutit,buthecouldnotgivethecorrectanswer.

A.BeingaskedB.HavingbeenaskedC.HewouldaskD.Hehadbeenasked6.____thedayswenton,thesituationtheregotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As5.____severaltimesaboutit7.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontestand____surprisedus.

A.whichB.itC.asD.whoShewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest,____surprisedus.

A.whichB.itC.asD.who7.8.____thetextasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.

A.ReadB.ReadingC.IfreadingD.Whenyouread9.____,sohedidn'tcometoschoollastweek.

A.ThoughhewasillB.BeingillC.HavingbeenillD.Hewasill8.____thetextasecondtimerequireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusuallyrequireearndevoteinform英語(yǔ)詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)詞性共有十大類。PartsofSpeech英語(yǔ)詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)詞性共有十大類。Par1名詞

nounn.student學(xué)生2代詞pronounpron.you你

3形容詞

adjectiveadj.happy高興的4副詞

adverbadv.quickly迅速地

5動(dòng)詞

verbv.cut砍、割6數(shù)詞

numeralnum.three三

7冠詞

articleart.a一個(gè)8介詞

prepositionprep.at在...9連詞conjunctionconj.and和10感嘆詞

interjectioninterj.oh哦實(shí)詞虛詞1名詞nounn.student學(xué)生英語(yǔ)句子成分取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石英語(yǔ)句子成分取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石

句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。

★句子成分：主·謂·賓·表補(bǔ)·定·狀·同位語(yǔ)

句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)ImetmybestfriendToma㈠主語(yǔ)（subject）

句子說(shuō)明的人或事物,

主語(yǔ)一般位于______

。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）句首㈠主語(yǔ)（subject）

句子說(shuō)明的人或事物,

主語(yǔ)一般位于找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)出是有什么來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（動(dòng)名詞）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)出是有什么來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?.Thesun當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語(yǔ)？當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？說(shuō)謊㈡

謂語(yǔ)（predicate

）

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)（有時(shí)不止一個(gè)動(dòng)詞），主謂一般要靠在一起。簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing㈡謂語(yǔ)（predicate）

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和

選出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedup

C.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.

A.hasB.caught

C.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning選出下列句中的Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語(yǔ)（object

）動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）及物動(dòng)詞介詞Showyourpassport,please.（名

有些及物動(dòng)詞如give,tell,bring,buy等可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。通常情況下，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)多放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前?！g接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.有些及物動(dòng)詞如give,tell,bring,b賓語(yǔ)有三種動(dòng)賓Iboughtabook.直接/間接賓語(yǔ)

ShegaveJohn

abook．介賓Theytalkaboutabook.注意賓語(yǔ)有三種注意

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.

⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（四）表語(yǔ)（predicative

）在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.（四）表語(yǔ)（predicative）在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是系動(dòng)詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)2.表感官的sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表持續(xù)的keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表變化的become,grow,come,go6.表終止的prove,turnout證實(shí)…系動(dòng)詞1.表狀態(tài)的be(am,is,are)Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（objectcomplement）

補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常用的動(dòng)詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等?

?Ifoundthebookinteresting.

（六）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）

位于名詞或代詞后面，解釋說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況，兩者的語(yǔ)法功能相同，后面是前面的同位語(yǔ)。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句（六）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）Weyoung（七）定語(yǔ)（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞)對(duì)n./pron.進(jìn)行修飾限定的成分，漢語(yǔ)中用‘……的’表示。()()()()()()（七）定語(yǔ)（attributive）Heisacl定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?定語(yǔ)后置：用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,狀語(yǔ)的位置靈活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))（八）狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句的成分,Iam狀語(yǔ)的分類:狀語(yǔ)按照內(nèi)容可分為時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,方式,程度,伴隨狀況等.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放句首。狀語(yǔ)的分類:表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)畫(huà)出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.畫(huà)出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)Iwillbebackina

句子成分鞏固練習(xí)

（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀主謂狀2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主謂賓4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀1.LastweekIwenttothesupe4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主狀謂狀狀6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓

youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀4.ItwasSunday.7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂

understand

aword.

謂賓8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓賓7.Ireadafewlines,butIdid9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主謂狀連謂定賓10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.賓定9.Igotupearlyandboughtth11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂狀同位語(yǔ)inthecentreofAustralia.

定11.Hehasjustboughtacaran12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂賓定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

狀連狀謂amealandaglassofbeer.

賓12.Hecallsateveryhousein13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主謂定間賓

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直賓13.Youwilltellyourfriennounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間)賓語(yǔ)(直)Vt系動(dòng)詞ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語(yǔ)句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.noun主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間)賓語(yǔ)(直)Vt系動(dòng)1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Therebe句型簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例1.Thingschanged.主+謂Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Practice??主附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。定語(yǔ)Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ(yǔ)Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語(yǔ)Johnoftencametochatwithm按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡(jiǎn)單句2)并列句3)復(fù)合句句子類型按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡(jiǎn)單句句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawing