2020屆閔行區(qū)高三英語二模試卷(有答案)

第第頁共15頁閔行區(qū)2019學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三年級質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試

高三英語考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2．本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分,試卷共12頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上,做在試卷上一律不得分。3．答題前,務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫學(xué)校、姓名和考生號。ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Acook.B.Adentist.C.Asurgeon.1.A.Acook.B.Adentist.C.Asurgeon.D.Atechnician.2.2.A.She'dliketohavethewindowsopen.C.Theairisheavilypolluted.3.A.Artattraction.C.Furniturequality.4.A.Sheappreciatestheman'seffort.C.Sheisannoyedwiththeman.5.A.Theycan'tfitintothemachine.C.Theyhaven'tbeendeliveredyet.6.A.Thelongwaitingtime.C.Themistakesinhertelephonebill.7.A.Itsquality.B.Itsprice8.A.Walkinthecountryside.C.Goshopping.9.A.Heisgoingtovisitaphotostudio.C.Heisonethewaytothetheatre.ShelikestohavetheairconditioneronD.Thewindowsarealwaysopen.Paintingskills.D.Roomdecoration.Shedoesenjoyspicyfood.D.Shedoesn'tlikethefoodthemanprepared.Theyweresenttothewrongstress.D.Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.Thebrokendowncomputer.D.Thebadtelephoneservice.ItsmaterialsD.Itsappearance.B.Dosomeexercise.Washsomedresses.B.Hehasjusthadhispicturetaken.D.Hehasjustreturnedfromajobinterview.10.A.Hedoesn'twantJennytogetintotrouble.B.Hedoesn'tagreewiththewoman'sremark.HethinksJenny'sworkloadtooheavyatcollege.Hebelievesmostcollegestudentsarerunningwild.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Attendexpertgrowers'lecture.B.Visitfruit-lovigfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard（果園）.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.12.A.Itisanewvariety.B.ItisthebestvarietyforeatingqualityC.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Itneedsperfectsoiltogrow.13A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.ToattractmorepeopletovisitBritainQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.A.Lackofsleepcouldleadtoheathproblem.B.Lackofsleepaffectsadultsmorethanchildren.Sleepingproblemsareoneoftheleadingcausesofobesity.Theamountofsleeppeopleneedchangeswithage.A.Lesssleepisneededwhentheyenteradolescence.B.Ideally,theyneed8hoursofsleepanight.Theymayhavedifficultyinfallingasleepbefore11:00pm.Theyalwayswakeupatmidnightduetobiologicalchanges.A.Theamountofsleepandacademicperformance.B.Acomparisonofdifferenttimetostartschool.Students'sleepingtimeandsocialbehaviors.Abeneficialchangeofschoolstartingtime.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Extremesports.B.Citylife.C.Human'spotential.D.Dangerandsafety.

18.Theyliketostayisolated.C.Theywanttoknowtheirpotential.Theypreferdangertosafety.D.Theyareboredwiththetraditionalones.19.A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Neutral.18.Theyliketostayisolated.C.Theywanttoknowtheirpotential.Theypreferdangertosafety.D.Theyareboredwiththetraditionalones.19.A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Neutral.20.A.Itisinterestingandchallenging.Itenablespeopletofacefears.B.Itisdangerousandneedsnoskills.Itonlystimulateindividualism.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AbriefhistoryofChopsticks.We'vediscussedthestoryofknifeandfork,butthere'sanothersetofutensil器皿)usedbybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld—andithasatrulyancientpast.TheChinesehavebeenwieldingchopstickssinceatleast1200B.C.,andbyA.D.500chopsticks__21__(sweep)theAsiancontinentfromVietnamtoJapan.Fromtheirhumblebeginnings__22__cookingutensilstopaper-wrappedbamboosetsatthesushicounter,there'smoretochopsticksthanmeetstheeye.Chopsticks__23__(develop)about5000yearsagoinChina.The__24__(early)versionswereprobablytwigsusedtogetfoodfromcookingpots.Whenresourcesbecamescare,around400B.C.,craftychefsfiguredout__25__toconservefuelbychoppingfoodintosmallerpiecesthatrequiredlesscookingfuel,andbesides,itcouldbecookedmorequickly.Thisnewmethodofcookingmadeitunnecessarytohaveknivesatthedinnertable—apracticethatalsomatchedthenon-violentteachingsofConfucius(孔子)，__26__expressedinoneofhisnumerousquotations:“thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouse屠宰房)andthekitchen.Andheallowsnoknivesonhistable.”Asavegetarian,hebelievedthatknives'sharppointsevoked(誘發(fā))violence__27_(kill)thehappy,contentedmoodthatshouldreignduringmeals.Thanksinparttohisteachings,chopstickusequicklybecamewidespreadthroughoutAsia.Differentculturesadopteddifferentchopstickstyles.PerhapsinanodtoConfucius,Chinesechopsticksfeaturedabluntratherthanpointedend.InJapan,chopstickswere8incheslongformenand7incheslongforwomen.In1878theJapanesebecamethefirst__28__(create)thenow-ubiquitousdisposableset,typicallymadeofbambooorwood.Wealthydinerscouldeatwithivory,jade,coral,brassoragateversions,whilethemostprivilegedusedsilversets.Itwasbelievedthatthesilverwouldcorrodeandturnblack__29__itcameintocontactwithpoisonedfood.Throughouthistory,chopstickshaveenjoyedasymbioticrelationshipwithanotherstapleofAsiancuisine:rice.Atfirstglance,you'dthinkthatricewouldn'tmakethecut,butinAsiamostriceisoftheshort-ormedium-grainvariety.Thestarches（淀粉質(zhì)食品）inthesericescreateacookedproductthatisgummyandclumpy,unlikethefluffyanddistinctgrainsofWesternlong-grainrice.__30__chopstickscometogethertoliftsteamingbundlesofstickyrice,it'samatchmadeinheaven.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.labelB.bearsC.burdenedD.illustratesE.implementF.guaranteedG.presentedH.hitI.entryJ.nationalizedK.groundThe“PennyBlack”,thefirstpostagestampissuedinBritainand,moreimportantly,thefirstpostagestampissuedanywhere,___31___theimageofQueenVictoria,butthefirstBritishpostalservicedidn'toriginateinVictoriaEngland.In1860,WilliamDockwrastartedapublicservicethat__32__thequickdeliveryofaletteranywhereinLondon.Hissystemwasquickly__33__withDockwraincharge.Itwasfarfromaperfectsystem,__34__withseeminglyimproperchargesthatmadeitunreasonablyexpensivetosendaletter.Worsestill,recipientswereexpectedtopay.Asyoumightimagine,this__35__someproblems—eitherpeopleweren'thomeorflat—outrefusedtopay.Thesystemjustdidn'twork,butitremainedinplaceforfartoolong.About50yearslater,todobetter,RollandHillarguedforputtinganendtothepostalchargesandreplacingthemwithasinglenationalrateofonepenny,whichwouldbepaidbythesender.WhenthepostofficeignoredHill'sideas,heself-publishedhisessayanditquicklygained__36__amongthepublic.HillwasthenorderedbyPostmasterGeneralLordLichfieldtodiscusspostalreformand,duringtheirsubsequentmeetings,thetwomenconceivedofagluey__37__thatcouldbeappliedtotheenvelopstoindicatepayment.Thoughithadgainedsupportwiththepublicwholongedforaaffordablywaytoconnectwithdistantfriendsandfamily,officialswerestillnotconvinced.Thankfully,Hillwasfarfromaloneinhispassionforreform.Heeventuallyearnedenoughsupportfromotherlike-mindedindividualstoconvinceParliamentto__38__hissystem.In1839,Hillheldacompetitiontodesignallthepostalfacility.Thewinningstamp___39___describingtheyoungqueen'sprofilecamefromoneWilliamWyon,whobasedthedesignonamedalhecreatedtocelebratehisfirstvisittoLondon.The“PennyBlack”stampwentonsaleonMay1,1840.Itwasanimmediate__40__.Suddenly,thecountryseemedalotsmaller.Thepennyblack'sdesignwassowellreceivedthatitremainedinuseforfortyyear.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theterm“staycation”meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthantravelingtoanotherplace.Itiscloselyconnectedwithlesspollution,savingmoneyandnotcontributingtotheoverwhelmingdisorderthattakesplaceinsomeoftheworld'smosttouristicareas.Theconceptofstaycationwasbornatthetimeofthe2008market__41___intheUnitedStates.Becauseofit,manyhouseholdswereforcedto__42__theirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.Theshortageofmoneytotravelabroadisattheoriginofwhymanypeoplestartedto(re)discovertheirmost__43__surroundingsAtthesametime,awarenessofthe__44__impactsoftourism,especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,startedtoincreasetoo.Andsodidtheperceptionthatsomeofthemaincities(abroad)areincreasinglyoverloadedwithpeople--withplacessuchasBarcelona,Venice,ortheSeychellesplanningon__45__atouristcap.Staycationappearslikeagreatsolutionforthe__46__abovementioned.Itisagreatwayofspendingjoyfulvacationswhilehelpingone's__47__andtheenvironment.__48__,stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport.Apartfromthefinancial__49__gainedbyleavingbehindexpensiveplaneticketsorbynotbookinghotelroomsthataren'tcheap,staycationalsohasthebenefitofkeepingharmful__50__intheground.Cars,boats,andplanesarenot(orareless)used;__51__,othermeansoftransportsuchaspublictransport,bicycles,electricscootersorjustwalkingarefavored.Thisallowspeople'scarbonfootprintsnotto__52__asmuchastheywouldiflongdistanceshadbeentraveled.Astaycationisaformofalternativetourismthatisfullyinlinewiththeslowtourismtrend.Slowtourisminvitesyoutoliveinthe__53__moment.Itencouragesyoutotakeyourtime,discovernearbylandscapes,reconnectandspendmoretimeoutdoorsinnaturewiththepeopleyouenjoy,Therearenofully-bookeddays,andthereisno__54__togofromoneactivitytoanotherjusttostaybusyallthetime.Giventhemultiple__55__oflocaltourism,younolongerhaveareasontobeembarrassedatthecoffeemachineatworkwhenyouareaskedwhereyouaregoingonvacationthisyear.41.A.valueB.sectorC.crisisD.shares42.A.restrictB.bearC.avoidD.meet43.A.cheerfulB.immediateC.pollutedD.attractive44.A.limitedB.financialC.culturalD.environmental45.A.introducingB.stoppingC.postponingD.raising46.A.challengesB.assessmentC.tasksD.applications47.A.voyageB.mindC.pocketD.hometown48.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.InfactD.Onthecontrary49.A.servicesB.adviceC.resourcesD.savings50.A.emissionsB.exposureC.vehiclesD.strategies51.A.thereforeB.insteadC.howeverD.moreover52.A.lastB.fallC.increaseD.change53.A.historicB.presentC.criticalD.climatic54.A.goodB.harmC.blameD.rush55.A.advantagesB.challengesC.platformsD.themesSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)BrookeMartin'sgoldenretrieve^金毛獵犬)Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated.Shewouldhowl,pace,andchewonthings.Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets.Shewondered:—Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,the16-year-oldcameupwithseveralideas.Finally,sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch.—Thedogdoesn'thavetoanswerthecall,explainsBrooke.—Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenontheirend.It'satwo-wayaudioandvideo—youcanseeandheareachother.Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!Herinventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle-schoolstudents.Thesefinalists,selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetitioninSt.Paul,Minn.AfterMartin'svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger-Anderson,aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M'sconsumerhealthcaredivision.—Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,Langer-AndersontoldLiveScience.Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog'sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate.‘OnethingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,whatifyourdogknocksitover,orscratchesthescreen?'Martinsaid.SheandLanger-Andersondiscussedthis,andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloorstoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws.Thefinalistscreatemodelstheycantest,withtheguidancefromamentor.Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectricityandanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.Langer-Andersontriestohelpthestudentsworkthroughthescientificmethod,testingtheirhypothesis,inadeterminedway,—sothekidsdon'tgetburiedindata.shesaid.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?“iCPooch”winsinayoungscientistcompetition.A16-year-oldgirlinventsadevicefordoghunger.Aman-madedeviceletspeoplechatwiththeirpets.Akid-inventeddevicecalmdogs'separationanxiety.“iCPooch”calmspetdogsby.allowingvideochatB.makingdogssleepC.answeringthecallD.givingthemfoodWhatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mentor”competitorsB.assistantsC.instructorsD.companionsWhatdotheinventionsofthefinalistshaveincommon?Theyareallnewinventionsdealingwithpets.Theyarepossiblesolutionstoeverydayproblems.Theycopewiththeproblemsrelatedtocomputers.Theyareallaccomplishedthroughindividualwork.(B)ThisisWhataREALSilverDollarLooksLikeIfyoutrustintheyen,theeuro,andthedollar...stopreading.BecausethisisastoryaboutthesilvercoinEVERYBODYwants.

Youreadtheheadlines.Youknowthattroubledeconomictimeshaveputglobalcurrencyonarollercoaster（ride.Butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong-termvaluewithhigh-gradecollectablesilver.Andrightnow,thosepeoplearelininguptosecuresomeofthelast2012U.S.MintSilverEagles,America'sNewestSilverEagleDollars.Today,youcangraduatetothefrontofthatline.BuynowandyoucanownthesebrilliantuncirculatedSilverDollarsforonly$38.95!YouCan'tAffordtoLoseWhyarewereleasing（發(fā)行）thissilverdollarforsucharemarkableprice?Becausewewanttointroduceyoutowhathundredsofthousandsofsmartcollectorsandsatisfiedcustomershaveknownsince1984—NewYorkMintistheplacetofindtheworld'sfinesthigh-gradecoins.That'swhywe'reofferingyouthisBrilliantUncirculated2012U.S.SilverEagleforaslittleas$37.45（pluss/h）.TimingisEverythingOuradvice?Keepthistoyourself.Becausethemorepeoplewhoknowaboutthisoffer,theworseitisforyou.DemandforSilverEaglesin2011brokerecords.Expertspredictthat2012SilverEaglesmaybreakthemalloveragain.Duetorapidchangesinthepriceofsilver,pricesmaybehigherorlowerandaresubjectto（受...影響）changewithoutnotice.Suppliesarelimited.CallimmediatelytoaddtheseSilverEaglestoyourholdingsbeforeit'stoolate.Yourcost1-4Coins5-9CoinsYourcost1-4Coins5-9Coins10-19Coins20-40Coins$38.95each+s/h$38.45each+s/h$37.95each+s/h$37.45each+s/hNote:$10s/h（shippingandhandling）foreachpurchaseForfastestservice,calltoll-free24hoursaday1-888-201-7143OfferCode（代碼）ASE177-04Pleasementionthiscodewhenyoucall.NewYorkMint14101SouthcrossDriveW.,Dept.ASE177-04

Burnsville,Minnesota55337

www.NewYorkMint.ComTopromotetheSliverEaglescoin,whatisstressedinthead?A．Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting.B．Thecoincanbecirculatedasacurrency.C．Limitedsuppliesguaranteeastablepriceofthecoin.D．Demandforthecoinisboundtobreakrecords.Ifyoubuysix2012U.S.MintSilverEaglesbypost,youshouldpayatleast.A.230.7B.233.7C.240.7D.243.7Theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchasethesilvercoinsby.A．shoppingonlineB．makingaphonecallC．liningupinfrontofthestoresD．writingtothecompany（C）Thedreamoftheflyingcarcouldcomedowntoearthsoonasseveralstart-upslikeChineseEHANGandUberaredevelopingso-called“passengerdrones（無人機(jī)）"一self-flyingdronesbigenoughtoferryindividualcommutersaroundtown—whichcouldshrinkcommute（上下班往返）timesfromhourstominutes.Atfirstglance,human-carryingdronessoundnomorerealisticthanflyingcars.Untilrecentlyinventorshadneverbeenabletomarryautomobilesandaircraftinapracticalway.Yetafewcompanieshavekeptatit:Woburn,forexample,hassince2006beendevelopingTransition,a“roadableaircraft”thatresemblesasmallairplanethatcanfolditswingsanddriveonroads.Apersonalflyingcarineverygaragehasprovedtobeatoughsell,however,asthereareserioussafetyconcernsaboutaskingtheaveragecommutertotrainforapilot'slicenseandtaketotheskies.Passengerdrones,bycontrast,wouldoperateautonomouslyandleavethe“roadable”partbehindinfavoroflargerversionsofaircraftthatalreadyexist.Passengerdronedesignsfavor“distributedelectricpropulsion（推進(jìn)），”meaninginsteadofonelargerotorpoweredbyalargeenginetheyhavemultiplepropellerseachpoweredbyitsown,smallermotor.Thissacrificesliftingpowerandflightperformanceinexchangeformechanicalsimplicityandlighterweight一factorsthatcouldmakethemcheapertooperate.Quieterelectricpowerwouldmakethenoisetolerabletocityresidents,althoughitremainstobeseenhowmuchweightsuchavehiclecouldlift,andforhowlong.Withanyofthesevehicles,safetyisthebiggestconcernandextendstoboththeaircraftandtheautomatedsystemsflyingthem.Advancedartificialintelligenceisneededtoflylargenumbersofautonomousaircraftwithoutcrashingthemintooneanotheror,say,thelocalnewschannel'straffichelicopter.CarryingpeoplefrompointsAtoBseemssimpleenough,buteventhebestAIstruggleswithsurprises:What,forexample,wouldadronedoifalandingareasuddenlybecameunavailable?asksSanjivSingh,aCarnegieMellonUniversityroboticsresearcher.Insteadofleapingtofullyautomatedpassengerdrones,hesuggestsfirsttestingthenecessaryAlinunmannedcargo（貨物）runs,andadoptinga“mixedmode"approachinearlypassengerserviceswherepilotsareassistedbyAIco-pilots.Technicalchallengesaside,start-upspromotingthetechnologywillhavetofindawaytoconvincethepublictogivetheirdronesawhirl,somethingthatrequiresamuchbiggerleapoffaiththangettingintothebackseatofaself-drivingcar.Passengerdronemakersare“obviouslystillintheincubation（孵化）stagesoftechnologydevelopmentandimprovingthebasics,"saysMikeHirschberg,executivedirectoroftheAmericanHelicopterSocietyInternational.“But20or30yearsfromnowlifemaybealittlelikeTheJetsonswhereyoutakeadvantageofthethirddimensionandhavemuchmoremobility,especiallyinurbanclosequarterswheregroundtransportationisgridlocked."Thepassengerdroneprogressmayfollowaslopingtakeoffratherthanverticalleap.CarnegieMellon'sSinghseesalongroadaheadfilledwithlotsoftesting,analysis,regulationandeffortstowinthepublic'strustbeforethetechnologybecomesaviabletransportationoption.“Thereisthedangerofsomeonemovingtoofastandthenhavingaproblemthatsetstheindustrybackforsometime,"hesays.Personalflyingcarshavefailedtogainpopularityamonghouseholdsmainlybecausepeopledon'thavethecouragetotakethecarstotheair.peopleareunwillingtotrainforapilot'slicense.peopleworrythattheymaynotbequalifiedtoflythecarssafely.itispracticallyimpossibletocombinecarsandaircrafttogether.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofpassengerdrones?A.Itcanliftmoreweight.B.Itislighterinweight.C.Itmakeslessnoise.D.Itissimplerinmechanicaldesign.WhatisHirschberg'sattitudetowardspassengerdrones?A.disapprovingB.neutralC.skepticalD.cautiouslyoptimisticWecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.artificialintelligencecaneasilytackletheproblemsoccurringinairtraffic.humanpilotsinautonomousaircraftwillendangerthesafetyofpassengers.thepassengerdroneindustrywillmakemajorbreakthroughsinthenearfuture.D.thepublic'sdistrustmayhinderthedevelopmentofpassengerdrones.SectionCDirectionsR:eadthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Watchingaboxingmatchgivesthemanoutletforthisaggression.Iampersonallynotatallinfavorofaggressivesportslikeboxing.Inmypersonalopinion,boxingcanbesothrillingthatmanypeopledarenottohaveatry.Professionalboxersaremuchmoreatriskthantheiramateurcounterparts.Furthermore,studieshaveshownthatthereareoftenlong-termeffectsofboxingItislikelytothreatenpersonalsafetyofpeople.Boxingisapopularsportthatmanypeopleseemtobefascinatedby.Newspapers,magazinesandsportsprogrammesonTVfrequentlycoverboxingmatches.Professionalboxersearnalotofmoney,andsuccessfulboxersaretreatedasbigheroes.Itseemstomethatpeople,especiallymen,finditappealingbecauseitisanaggressivesport.Whentheywatchaboxingmatch,theycanidentifywiththewinningboxer,andthisgivesthemthefeelingofbeingawinnerthemselves.Itisafactthatmanypeoplehavefeelingofaggressionfromtimetotime,buttheycannotshowtheiraggressionintheireverydaylives.67However,thereisanegativesidetoboxing.68Althoughboxerswearglovesduringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavetowearhelmets,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentinbothprofessionalandamateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,andoccasionally,fightershaveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.69Sometimesevenifaboxerhasneverbeenknockedout,hemighthavesufferedseverebraindamagewithoutknowingit.70IthinkitwouldbebetteriflesstimewasgiventoaggressivesportsonTV,andwewelcomedmoremenandwomenfromnon-aggressivesportsasourheroesandheroinesinoursociety.Ibelievethattheworldisaggressiveenoughalready!Ofcourse,peoplelikecompetitivesports,andsodoI,butIthinkthathittingotherpeopleinanaggressivewayisnotsomethingthatshouldberegardedasasport.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Studentswhohaveusedelectroniccigarettesbythetimetheystartninthgradearemorelikelythanotherstostartsmokingtraditionalcigarettesandothertobaccoproductswithinthenextyear,accordingtoanewstudyfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Electroniccigarettes,ore-cigarettes,delivernicotinetothelungsbyheatingaliquidsolutionthatcontainsnicotineandotherchemicalstoproduceaspraythattheusertakesin.AspartofasurveyofsubstanceuseandmentalhealthamonghighschoolstudentsinLosAngeles,thestudycomparedthestartoftobaccouseamong222studentswhohadusedecigarettes,butnotanyothertobaccoproducts,and2,308whohadneitherusede-cigarettesoranyothertobaccoproductswheninitiallysurveyedatthestartofninthgrade.The2,530studentswhoinitiallyreportedneverusingtobaccounderwentfollow-upassessmentsaftersixand12months.Studentswereaskedaboutlifetimeandpastsix-monthuseofe-cigarettesoranyotherformsoftobaccoproducts.Duringthefirstsixmonthsafterbeingsurveyed,30.7percentofthosewhohadusedecigarettesstartedusingtobaccoproducts,suchascigarettes,andcigars,comparedtoonly8.1percentofthosewhohadneverusede-cigarettes.Overthefollowingsixmonthsleadingintothestartof10thgrade,25.2percentofe-cigaretteusershadusedtobaccoproducts,comparedtojust9.3percentofnonusers.“Whileteentobaccousehasfalleninrecentyears,thisstudyconfirmsthatweshouldcontinuetocloselywatchteensmoking