考研考博-英語-三亞中瑞酒店管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三亞中瑞酒店管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

問題1選項

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。exhaust“排出，耗盡，使精疲力盡，詳盡論述”；interest“使感興趣，使關(guān)心，使注意，使參與，使有利害關(guān)系”；B選項的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻礙，妨礙，成為阻礙”；C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、態(tài)度），喚醒某人，激發(fā)，行動起來“；D選項的veto“否決，禁止，反對”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”。根據(jù)句意‘迄今為止，還沒有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對它們的研宄能達到如此詳盡無遺的地步，以致它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學(xué)家的興趣’確定A選項正確。

2.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻譯為：我們不會回到美國國會公開擔心低等種族會玷污美國人的血統(tǒng)的時期。因此答案為A選項：他們是低等的民族。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻譯為：這些新移民沒有理由不應(yīng)該有著同樣的成功。知B項“他們可以如自己的前輩那樣做的一樣好”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻譯為：泰勒擔心，墨西哥裔美國人可能注定跟隨美國黑人的步伐，即社區(qū)中的那個較大的部分可能變得陷入一個似乎永久的貧困和低成就的狀態(tài)中。因此，D選項“他們可能永遠是貧窮且成就低的”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻譯為：我們也應(yīng)該就同化、如何確保曾經(jīng)的外來者在這些地區(qū)不會永遠的處于被邊緣化而提出一些更加廣泛的問題。故C最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位倒數(shù)第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻譯為：但是，我們也還沒有學(xué)到如何讓美國化進程適應(yīng)所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻譯為：那是一個大的問題……可以得知B項“如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會”最為符合。

3.單選題

Hewasavery____electricianandcouldrepairallkindsofelectricappliance.

問題1選項

A.competent

B.elaborate

C.industrious

D.thrifty

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.competent能干的B.elaborate詳盡的

C.industrious勤勞的D.thrifty節(jié)儉的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞用來形容“他”是一個怎樣的電工，根據(jù)后文“能修理各種電器”可知，他是一個能干的電工，A選項competent“能干的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】他是個非常能干的電工，能修理各種電器。

4.單選題

Duringthe19thcenturyfurtheradvancesweremade,notablyBessemer’sprocessfor（）ironintosteel,whichmadethematerialmorecommerciallyviable.

問題1選項

A.altering

B.varying

C.converting

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項altering“變更”；B選項varying“相異，（根據(jù)情況）變化”；C選項converting“使改變，皈依”；D選項transforming“轉(zhuǎn)化，發(fā)生巨變，發(fā)生巨大變化”。句意：在19世紀取得了進一步的進展，特別是將鐵_____為鋼的貝西麥工藝，使這種材料更具有商業(yè)可行性。這里表達的意思是“將鐵轉(zhuǎn)化為鋼”，因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

問題1選項

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation構(gòu)造,一致；acceleration加速,促進；coordination協(xié)調(diào),對等；accumulation積聚,累積。根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)填入consumption的反義詞,只有選項D符合語境。

6.單選題

Donotbelittleanyone’scontribution;theselittlegiftsadduptolargesums.

問題1選項

A.contemplate

B.disparage

C.appreciate

D.prod

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.contemplate沉思；深思熟慮B.disparage貶低；抨擊

C.appreciate欣賞；感激D.prod刺激；督促

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：不要……任何人的貢獻；這些小禮物加起來是一大筆錢。由后半句可知，這些小的貢獻是一大筆錢，也就是說每個人的貢獻都很重要，不要輕視任何人的貢獻。因此選B選項disparage“貶低；抨擊”。劃線詞belittle意為“輕視；貶低”。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合句意。

【句意】不要輕視任何人的貢獻；這些小禮物加起來是一大筆錢。

7.單選題

About5000yearsago,peopleinanareanorthoftheBlackSeainsoutheasternEuropespokealanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,whichisbelievedtobetheancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages.TheseincludethelanguagesthatbecameancientGreek,ancientGermanandtheancientLatin.

Latindisappearedasaspokenlanguage.YetitleftbehindthreegreatlanguagesthatbecamemodernSpanish,FrenchandItalian.AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish.

TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasionsoftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribe（部落）whocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts,whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.Afterawhile,mostoftheCeltswerekilled,ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.

ThenextgreatinvasionofBritaincamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingsinvadedthecoastareasofBritain.TheVikingscamefromDenmark,Norwayandothernortherncountries.Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue.Insomeareas,theVikingsbecamesopowerfultheybuilttemporarybases.Thesetemporarybasessometimesbecamepermanent.Later,manyVikingsstayedinBritain.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky，”“l(fā)eg，”“skill,”“egg，”“crawl,”“l(fā)ift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.

ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago,in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.

1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowinglanguageslaterdevelopedintoEnglish?

3.OldEnglishisthemixtureofthelanguagesspokenbythefollowingtribeswhichinclude_____.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVikingswhoinvadedBritainabout1100yearsago?

5.Whatfollowsthepassageismostprobablyabout

.

問題1選項

A.TheearlyhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

B.TheoriginoftheEnglishlanguage

C.ThevarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage

D.TheinvasionsofBritain

問題2選項

A.Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage

B.AncientGreek

C.AncientGerman

D.AncientLatin

問題3選項

A.TheAngles,theSaxonsandtheCelts

B.TheSaxons,theJutesandtheCelts

C.TheAngle,theJutesandtheCelts

D.TheAngles,theSaxonandtheJutes

問題4選項

A.Theyweresoldiers

B.Theyweremerchants

C.Theywerepirates

D.Theyweresailors

問題5選項

A.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheBritishpeople

B.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheEnglishlanguage

C.theimportanteventsintheNormanConquest

D.thehistoricalfiguresintheNormanConquest

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了英語這門語言的起源以及發(fā)展，因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段提到的AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish，可知選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句話Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.可知選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到他們奪去貿(mào)易貨物和奴隸，搶走任何有價值的東西(Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue)，由此可推測他們是海盜，選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第二段和第三段分別講述了兩次侵略對于英語這門語言的影響，最后一段提到thenextinvasion，由此可推測接下來會講述這次侵略對語言的影響，因此選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturies[A]whereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposureto[B]highsocietyinFrance,Italy,andGermany,[C]learnaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding—alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemanwasexpectedtohaveexperience[D]withtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

問題1選項

A.where

B.highsociety

C.learnabout

D.withto

【答案】C

【解析】考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。C選項的learnabout是gettingarichexposure的并列成分，形式應(yīng)保持一致。

9.單選題

Avisitortoamuseumtodaywouldnotice（

）changesinthewaymuseumsareoperated.

問題1選項

A.cognitive

B.rigorous

C.conspicuous

D.exclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。cognitive“認知的”；rigorous“嚴格的，嚴厲的”；conspicuous“顯著的”；exclusive“唯一的，獨有的”。句意：如果今天去博物館參觀，就會注意到博物館的經(jīng)營方式發(fā)生了顯著的變化。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

問題1選項

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pose意為“產(chǎn)生，提出，擺好姿勢”；assume意為“假定，認為”；represent意為“代表”；owe意為“欠，歸功于，應(yīng)給予”。

句意：電動汽車是交通運輸中潛在的游戲變革者，是占石油消費比重最大的部門。

11.單選題

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化爐）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedishmanufacturerElectrolux.Inevitablysomeofthosecostswilltrickledowntotheconsumer.Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility.Isonemanufacturerliableforrecyclingtheproductsofaformerrivalthathasgoneoutofbusiness?Shouldcarmakerspayfordismemberingvehiclesbuiltyearsbeforethedirectivetookeffect?Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.

Thenewrecyclinglawsmaynotcostasmuchasonemightthink.Manyofthenewtargetsareonlyincrementallytougherthanexistingones.Carmakers,forinstance,willinfiveyearshavetorecycleorreuse80percent,byweight,oftheiroldcars.Butinthemoreeco-consciousnorthernstates,theyalreadyvoluntarilyrecycle60percent.Thatmaybewhymanufacturershavegreetedthenewrulesmeekly.FordclaimsthatitslatestFiestahatchback,newlybuiltfortheEuropeanmarket,isalready85percentrecyclable;that'sapowerfulimagefortheneweco-friendlymanufacturing,providedEurope’smedicineworkswithouttoomanysideEffects.

1.Theauthorsays“somethingsurelyneedstobedone”because（

）.

2.Theword“inundate”(underlinedinparagraph3)probablymeans

（

）.

3.WhatdisturbselectronicscompaniesmostaccordingtoMichelleONeill?

4.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theenvironmenthasalreadybeenseriouslypolluted.

B.someproductsarereplacedatafasterratethanbefore

C.Europedoesn'thaveenoughplacestoburythediscardedgoods

D.someelectronicgoodswillnotdecayiftheyareburied

問題2選項

A.overwhelm

B.destroy

C.flood

D.pollute

問題3選項

A.Theproductionofrecyclingfacilitiesfallsfarshortofdemand.

B.Thedestructionofelectronicproductswillcostalotofmoney.

C.Thewaste-disposalprocessinvolvesadvancedtechnology.

D.Someessentialmaterialshavetobereplaced.

問題4選項

A.Manufacturersarereluctanttospendalargesumofmoneyonrecyclingtheirproducts.

B.Manufacturerswillshoulderalargerproportionofthecostsofrecycling.

C.InnovativeEuropeanlawsdon’tdefineclearlyhowtoassigntheresponsibility.

D.InnovativeEuropeanlawsarenotapplicableinmanydevelopingcountries.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.（一定要做點什么。近幾十年來，消費者已經(jīng)習慣了越來越快的硬件周轉(zhuǎn)）可知B選項“某些產(chǎn)品的更換速度比以前快”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第三段中的Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincineratorsthroughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.（由于新的法規(guī)，整個歐洲的廢物場和焚燒爐都被硬件……現(xiàn)在即將上線的回收設(shè)施面臨六個月的積壓）可知“inundate”為動詞，由后面的回收設(shè)備積壓時間長，可推測前面的廢物長和焚燒爐應(yīng)該是被硬件覆蓋、堆積淹沒。flood側(cè)重于被水淹沒，而overwhelm則側(cè)重于情感方面，指被強烈的感情淹沒而不知所措，因此選C。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials...“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.（另一個問題是：更換壞的但必要的材料……“這對我們來說可能是一個比廢物處理條例更大的挑戰(zhàn)，”位于布魯塞爾的惠普說客MichelleONeill說）可知D選項“必須更換一些基本材料”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility...Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.（還有一個棘手的問題就是分配責任……歐洲還沒有解決這些問題）可知C選項“創(chuàng)新的歐洲法律沒有明確規(guī)定如何分配責任”符合題意。

12.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

問題1選項

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

問題2選項

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

問題3選項

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

問題4選項

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

問題5選項

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都認為所得稅是“公平的稅”，因為____。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每個人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxesB.每個國家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayitC.在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefitsD.它與個人的利益密切相關(guān)

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞afairtax定位到原文第一段第一句，該句提到“所得稅的傳統(tǒng)吸引力來自于它被廣泛接受為一種公平稅收（asafairtax），這與個人支付能力密切相關(guān)（closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay）?！庇纱丝芍?，個人所得稅之所以被認為是一種公平的稅，與個人的支付能力相關(guān)。由此推斷，所得稅在個人的支付能力范圍之內(nèi)，所以人們認為它是公平的，C選項“在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“每個人都享有公共福利”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“每個國家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“它與個人的利益密切相關(guān)”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inthe1970s,____.在二十世紀七十年代，____。

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometaxA.許多人呼吁取消所得稅

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometaxB.許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxsheltersC.通貨膨脹使許多人無法使用避稅手段

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’controlD.通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inthe1970s定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“這種情況在20世紀70年代惡化（Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s），因為不斷上升的通貨膨脹迫使人們繳納更高的稅級，盡管他們的收入幾乎跟不上物價上漲的步伐?！鼻耙痪涮岬健暗搅?0世紀中期，出現(xiàn)了對稅收漏洞的嚴厲批評”，由此推斷，“這種情況”指的是“對稅收的嚴厲批評”。后文提到“這種壓力進一步削弱了公眾對所得稅公平性的信心（publicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax）”，由此推斷，20世紀70年代，由于通貨膨脹，公眾對稅收漏洞批評的聲音越來越大，并且進一步失去了對所得稅公平性的信心，因此B選項“許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“許多人呼吁取消所得稅”，原文雖然提到公眾對稅收公平性逐漸失去信心，但是沒有提到要取消所得稅，該選項屬于過度推理；

C選項“通貨膨脹使許多人無法使用避稅手段”，可定位到原文第一段第五句，該句提到“它（通貨膨脹的壓力）也產(chǎn)生了利用避稅（taxshelters）和其他漏洞以及隱瞞非記錄收入的強烈動機?！庇纱丝芍?，通貨膨脹正是人們采取避稅手段的誘因，該選項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施，起初被幾個州采用，然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?！庇纱丝芍?，政府在制定所得稅政策時，針對通貨膨脹，采取了一些調(diào)整措施，但沒有證據(jù)表明通貨膨脹是否超出了政府的控制，該選項屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

In1985,____.在1985年，____。

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicyA.聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreducedB.通貨膨脹率得到控制，所得稅稅率降低

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflationC.許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoorD.聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級來幫助窮人

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞In1985定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施（Built-ininflationadjustments），起初被幾個州采用，然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?！庇纱丝芍?，政府在制定所得稅政策時，針對通貨膨脹，采取了一些調(diào)整措施，聯(lián)邦政府在1985年也采取了這些調(diào)整措施。因此，A選項“聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“通貨膨脹率得到控制，所得稅稅率降低”，原文只提到了1985年聯(lián)邦政府針對通貨膨脹，采取了這些所得稅的調(diào)整措施，并沒有提及該措施的結(jié)果，并且這些措施也不是用來控制通貨膨脹的，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹”，原文只提到了針對通貨膨脹的稅收調(diào)整措施，并不是抑制通貨膨脹的法律，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級來幫助窮人”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?下列哪項收入可以享受減稅或免稅？

A.Off-the-recordincome.A.非公開的收入。

B.Self-employmentearnings.B.自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益。

C.Businessearnings.C.商業(yè)收入。

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.D.慈善活動收入。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞areducedtaxorexclusion定位到原文第二段最后一句，該句提到“計算出從收入中允許的許多削減和免除是一項復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，因為它們要么使納稅人之間更加公平（makeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayers），要么宣傳有價值的社會目標（如慈善捐款）（promoteworthysocialgoals（suchascharitablecontributions）），這是政府面臨的最困難和最敏感的政治問題之一?！庇纱丝芍?，促進納稅人之間的公平以及宣傳有價值的社會目標（如慈善捐款）的收入，可以享受稅收減免。因此，D選項“慈善活動收入”可以享受減稅或免稅。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“非公開的收入”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“商業(yè)收入”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項釋義】

ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.美國大多數(shù)州政府____。

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincomeA.對不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearningsB.允許自營收入的減稅

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferentlyC.區(qū)別對待企業(yè)和投資收入

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincomeD.對所有收入來源實行同樣的政策

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)theUSstategovernments定位到最后一段第二句，該句提到“雖然一些國家和美國的一些州明確地對不同種類的應(yīng)稅收入應(yīng)用不同的規(guī)則，另一些國家，像美國大多數(shù)州政府一樣，尋求以同樣的方式對待所有收入來源（seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway）?！盌選項“對所有收入來源實行同樣的政策”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則”，由【解題思路】可知，這是一些國家和美國的一些州的觀點，不是美國大多數(shù)州政府的觀點，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

B選項“允許自營收入的減稅”，可定位到原文最后一段第四句，該句提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從企業(yè)和自營職業(yè)者的收入中扣除，而不是從工資和薪金中扣除?！庇纱丝芍?，原文只是提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從自營職業(yè)者的收入中扣除”，無法推測出美國大多數(shù)州政府“允許自營收入的減稅”的觀點，該選項屬于曲解原文；

C選項“區(qū)別對待企業(yè)和投資收入”，原文提到美國大多數(shù)州政府尋求以同樣的方式對待所有收入來源，該選項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

13.單選題

Acarefuldailyreadingofthenewspaperwill（

）thereaderastowhatishappening.

問題1選項

A.acquaint

B.advise

C.enlighten

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。acquaint“使了解，使熟知”；advise“勸告”；enlighten“啟發(fā)，開導(dǎo)”；appreciate“欣賞，賞識”。句意：每天仔細閱讀報紙能啟發(fā)讀者，使他們知道正在發(fā)生的事情。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook______troubleoverthefigures.

問題1選項

A.extra

B.supreme

C.extensive

D.spare

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項extra“額外的，附加的”；B選項supreme“極其的”；C選項extensive“廣闊的，廣大的”；D選項spare“備用的；閑置的”。句意：為了讓他的老板知道他是一個細心的員工，他在數(shù)字上花了______心思。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是特別花心思讓老板知道他的細心，A選項extra“額外的，附加的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

Don’tbeafraidofbees.Theydonotnormally（）withoutbeingprovoked.

問題1選項

A.sing

B.bite

C.prick

D.thrust

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項sing“唱歌”；B選項bite“咬”；C選項prick“戳，扎破”；D選項thrust“插，插入”。句意：不要害怕蜜蜂。如果沒有挑釁，它們通常不會（）人。蜜蜂是咬人，因此B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

PeterSellerswouldn’tbeallowedhiscareertoday.Allthosefunnyracialstereotypes—thecaricaturedfrogs.Woops,yidsandgoodness-gracious-mePakis—areinclearbreachofthecodesofpoliticalcorrectness.

Hislewddisguisesandoverdoneaccentsbelongwithblack-and-whiteminstrelshowsandclog-dancing—it’sthecomedyofyesteryear.

HaveyoutriedlisteningtoTheGoonShowlately?ItisareworkingofTheGangShow.Excruciatinglybadanddated,andfullofexplosions,GunfireandjokesaboutHitlerandtheWar.

Nonetheless,Sellerscontinuestoobsesspeople.He’salreadybeenthesubjectofbiographiesgalore,including,actin1994,a1,200magnumopusbymyself,whichisnowbeingturnedintoabiopicstarringGeoffreyRush.

TheappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofSellers’story.Hehadeverythinganditwasn’tenough.Hewasacomedianwithatragicinabilitytoenjoylife.H