學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)綜合課件

第1頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)第1頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)1Unit9

MedicineUnitContentsUnitobjectivesTextATextBTextCAcademiclanguageanddiscourseListeningSpeakingWriting第2頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Unit9

MedicineUnitContentsUn2UnitObjectives1.ProfessionalKnowledgeKnowmoreaboutthefollowingmedicine-relatedissues:thedrivingforcesoftheconstantchangesinmedicinethechangingdoctor-patientrelationshipthenewrequirementsinmedicalcurriculardesign,andthetrendindrugdevelopment2.ReadingSummarizethemainideaofatextandidentifyessentialsupportingpoints.Understanddifficultsentences(e.g.,sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference).Analyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescritically(e.g.,thechangingdoctor-patientrelationship;designingup-to-datemedicalcurricula…).Identifyandestablishacause-and-effectrelationshipasinthecaseofchangesinmedicine.Unit9

Medicine第3頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives1.Professional3UnitObjectives3.ListeningUseCornellnote-takingsystem.4.SpeakingDevelopastrongconclusion5.WritingLearntowriteareferencelistUnit9

Medicine第4頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives3.ListeningUni4UnitObjectives6.ResearchingIndependentlylocateandstudyavarietyofresources(articles,books,videos,etc.)toknowmoreaboutdrugresearchanddevelopment.7.AcademiclanguageanddiscourseAcquiresomemedicalterms.Learnhowtomakeadefinition.ComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressionsUnit9

Medicine第5頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives6.ResearchingU5TextALead-inDiscussinsomegroupsthefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkofthemedicalprofession?HowhastheInternetinfluenceddoctors’medicalpractice?Shareyouranswerswiththewholeclass.Unit9

Medicine第6頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextALead-inDiscussinsome6TextAOverview1.SummarizethemainideasofTextA.Amongmanychallengesandquestions,doctor-patientrelationshipwillbethegreatestforthephysicians.Challengeonthedoctor’sroleincertainclinicalsituationsApproachestomeetingthechallengeRegardingmedicineasascienceofanartChangesneednotdiminishdoctors’interactionswithpatients,whichisthemainreasonwhydoctorsareprivilegedUnit9

Medicine第7頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextAOverview1.Summarizet7TextAIn-depthanalysis1.Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthefollowing:alternativemedicinedoctor-patientrelationshipdesktopmedicineUnit9

Medicine第8頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA1.Contributeasmuch8TextASupplementaryinformation1.AlternativemedicineAlternativemedicinereferstohealingtreatmentsthatarenotpartofconventionalmedicaleducation,whichincludesacupuncture,massagetherapy,orherbalmedicine.Theygotthename“alternative”becausepeopleusedtoconsiderpracticeslikethesenottobelongtothemainstream.AlternativemedicinehasbeenlongtaughtandpracticedinEasterncountries.Inrecentyears,itgainsincreasingrecognitioninWesternsocieties,withhospitalsprovidingalternativetreatments,medicalschoolsofferingcoursesinalternativemedicine,andpatientsbecomingmorereceptivetotryingalternativetechniques.Unit9

Medicine第9頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA1.Alternativemedicin9TextASupplementaryinformation2.Doctor-patientrelationshipDoctor-patientrelationship,alsocalledphysician-patientrelationship,hasbeenandremainsakeystoneofmedicalpracticeandisessentialforthedeliveryofhigh-qualityhealthcareinthediagnosisandtreatmentofdiseases.Itservesasthemediuminwhichdataaregathered,diagnosesandplansaremade,complianceisaccomplished,andsupportisprovided.Therelationshipplaysaparamountroleinmaintainingaprofessionalrapportwithpatients,upholdingpatients’dignity,andrespectingtheirprivacy.Italsoformsoneofthefoundationsofcontemporarymedicalethicsandismostwidelytalkedaboutinmedicalandhealthcarecommunities.Unit9

Medicine第10頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA2.Doctor-patientrela10TextASupplementaryinformation3.DesktopmedicineDesktopmedicine,anemergingconceptinmedicine,describeshowadeskwithanetworkedcomputeristransformingmedicalscienceand,inturn,medicalpractice.Historically,bedsidemedicinehasbeenusedtodiagnoseandtreatdiseases,incorporatingthestandardelementsofthehistory,thechiefcomplaint,thereviewofsystems,thephysicalexam,andthediagnosticstudies.Incontrasttotraditionalbedsidemedicine,desktopmedicinefeaturesresearchers’discoveringrisk-factorbaseddiseasesandphysicians’diagnosingandtreatingpatientswiththesediseases.Whilebedsidemedicinefocusesonthepresenceorabsenceofdiseases,desktopmedicineconcernsthemanagementoftheriskofdiseases.Unit9

Medicine第11頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA3.DesktopmedicineUni11TextAIn-depthanalysis2.Discusschangesinmedicalpracticeandadaptiondoctorsarewarrantedtomake,integratingTask1/Criticalreadingandthinkingintothediscussion.3.FocusonsomeofthedifficultsentencesinTextAbydoingTask2/Criticalreadingand.Youwillbeinvitedtoreportyouranswerstotheclass.Unit9

Medicine第12頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA2.Discusschangesin12TextBTextanalysis1.Whatis“pillburden”?Pillburdenreferstothenumberoftablets,capsules,orotherdosageformsthatapatienttakesonaregularbasis.Highpillburdenisassociatedwithabunchofproblems:adecreasedcompliancewithdrugtherapy;anincreasedpossibilityofadversemedicationreactions(sideeffects)anddrug-druginteractions;anincreasedriskofhospitalization,medicationerrors;increasedcostsforboththepharmaceuticalsthemselvesandforthetreatmentofadverseevents;anddissatisfactionformanypatients.Unit9

Medicine第13頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis1.Whati13TextBTextanalysis2.Whatis“Fixed-dosecombinationdrugs”?Fixed-dosecombinationdrugsarethosecontainingtwoormoredrugsinfixedproportionsinthesameformulation.Fixed-dosecombinations,withtheirreportedadvantagestothepatients,arebecomingincreasinglyimportant.Generaladvantagesincludereducedcostsofmanufacture,improvedpatientadherenceanddecreasedcostsofdistribution.Advantageslikeincreasedefficacyandincreasedsafetymaybepossiblewithcertaincases.SuchdrugsarebeingusedinthetreatmentofvariousconditionsandarespecificallyusefulinthemanagementofHIV,malaria(瘧疾),tuberculosis(結(jié)核病),diabetesandhypertension,tonameafew.Unit9

Medicine第14頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis2.Whati14TextBTextanalysis3.Whataretheproblemsassociatedwithhighpillburdenandbenefitsbroughtaboutbyfixed-dosecombinationdrugs？4.SummarizethemainideaofthetextafterapaireddiscussionofTask1/Criticalreadingandthinking.5.Workingroupsof4-5toworkoutTask2/Criticalreadingandthinking.Reportyouranswerstotheclass.Unit9

Medicine第15頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis3.Whata15TextBTextanalysisTask1/OverviewSimplificationofpatientcare,particularlythesimplifieddrugregimens,willyieldbenefitsbothforthepatientsandforthedrugmanufacturers.Theincreasingburdenofchronicdiseasesmaycausetheappealoffixed-dosecombinationdrugstoincrease.Suchproductshaveprovedtoenhancepatients’adherencetodrugregimens.Besides,thosedrugsarealsoappealingtothepharmaceuticalindustry.Althoughdrugmanufacturersarerequiredtogothroughtheregularapprovalprocess,itcostslesstointroduceafixed-dosecombinationdrugthantobringanewdrugtomarket.Despitetheirpossibledisadvantagessuchasclinicians’limitedabilitytocustomizedosingregimens,fixedcombinationdrugswillofferasolutiontotheincreasingdemandformoremedicationstocontrolchronicillnesses.Unit9

Medicine第16頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysisTask1/Ov16TextBResearchingFormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching/TextB.Withineachteam,thereare:1)FacilitatorThinkaboutthewholegroupandmanagethetaskandthelearningprocessMakesureeveryonefeelsincludedandhasajobtodobeforeandduringthediscussion.Presideoverthe

discussion.2)recorderMakenotesofthegroupdiscussion.Workwiththereporter,whowillhavetoreadfromthenotes.3)reporterSummarizeandpresentthediscussionresultstothewholeclass.speakonbehalfofthegroup.Unit9

Medicine第17頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBResearchingFormintot171.Contributewhatyouknowaboutthefollowingtermsandthengiveexamplesasmanyaspossible.

TextCTextAnalysispublichealthveterinarymedicineUnit9

Medicine第18頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)1.Contributewhatyouknowab18TextCSupplementaryinformationPublicHealthPublichealthisconcernedwiththehealthofthecommunityasawhole.C.E.A.Winslow,oneoftheleadingfiguresinthehistoryofpublichealth,definedas“thescienceandartofpreventingdisease,prolonginglifeandpromotinghealthandefficincythrough

organizedcommunityefforts”Themissionofpublichealthistofulfillsociety’sinterestinassuringconditionsinwhichpeoplecanbehealthy.TheUnitedStatesPublicHealthService(USPHS)isafederalhealthagencythatispartoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.StateandcountypublichealthagenciesfunctionunderthesupervisionofandwithfinancialsupportfromtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Unit9

Medicine第19頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextCSupplementaryinformat19TextCSupplementaryinformationVeterinarymedicineVeterinarymedicineisthebranchofmedicinethatdealswiththestudy,prevention,andtreatmentofdiseasesinanimals,especiallydomesticatedanimals.Thescopeofveterinarymedicinecoversallanimalspecies,bothdomesticatedandwild.Besidesdiagnosingandtreatingsickandinjuredanimals,veterinarianshasthemissionofpreventingthetransmissionofanimaldiseasestopeople,andadvisingownersonthepropercareofanimals.Veterinaryschoolisusually4yearsandrequiresapriorcollegedegreeintheUSandCanada.Unit9

Medicine第20頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextCSupplementaryinformat202.DothetranslationtaskinTextC.人、動(dòng)物和我們的環(huán)境合力產(chǎn)生了一種新動(dòng)態(tài)，使每個(gè)群界的健康相互關(guān)聯(lián)，密不可分。這一新動(dòng)態(tài)帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)強(qiáng)度高，意義深刻，前所未有。我們?cè)絹?lái)越依賴于動(dòng)物及其產(chǎn)品，就傳染病而言，這種依賴性很可能是影響我們健康和安樂(lè)的最嚴(yán)峻的危險(xiǎn)因素。同時(shí)，我們環(huán)境的污染大大降低了環(huán)境的健康和可持續(xù)性。要更好地理解并解決目前由于人、動(dòng)物和環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的合力所產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題，可以采取一種策略，即“一體化健康”的概念。達(dá)到“一體化健康”的目標(biāo)確實(shí)是人類(lèi)當(dāng)今所面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)之一。TextCTextAnalysisUnit9

Medicine第21頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)2.Dothetranslationtaskin21Academiclanguageanddiscourse1.Whataremedicalterms?2.GeneralrulesofformingmedicaltermsMedicaltermsarelargelyformedfrombuildingelements,namely,roots,prefixes,suffixesandexistingwords.Generally,werecognizesevencommonly-usedprocessesofword-formationinmedicallanguage.Theyareaffixation,composition,conversion,blending,backformation,clipping,andacronym.SpecializedvocabularyUnit9

Medicine第22頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours22Academiclanguageanddiscourse2.GeneralrulesofformingmedicaltermsAffixation:Affixationreferstoformationofwordsbymeansofaffixes(prefixandsuffix),suchasautograph,asymptomatic,andantineoplastic.Composition:Compositionisaword-formingprocessbyjoiningtwoormorewords.Awordmadeinthiswayiscalledcompoundword,forexample,braindeath,graymatter,host-specific,deaf-mute,air-borne,bottle-feed,sleepwalk,andoverweight.SpecializedvocabularyUnit9

Medicine第23頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours23Academiclanguageanddiscourse2.Generalrulesofformingmedicalterms

Conversion:Conversionisaword-formingprocesswherebyawordisadaptedorconvertedtoanewclasswithoutanychangeofform.Agoodcaseinpointisstent.ItisoriginallyanounnamedafterEnglishdentist,CharlesR.Stent(1845-1901),referringto1)adeviceusedtosupportabodilyorifice(孔口)orcavityduringskingraftingortoimmobilizeaskingraftfollowingplacement;2)aslenderthread,rod,orcatheter(導(dǎo)管)insertedintoatubularstructure,suchasabloodvessel,toprovidesupportduringorafteranastomosis(吻合術(shù)).Itisnowconvertedtoverbasin“Medtronicoffersbothstentedandstentlesstissuevalves.”SpecializedvocabularyUnit9

Medicine第24頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours24Academiclanguageanddiscourse2.Generalrulesofformingmedicalterms

Blending:Ablendisacompoundwordformedbyblendingpartsoftwowords(ormore)suchasgenomeandMedicare.Backformation:Itiscommontoformnounsfromexistingverbsbyaddingsuffixessuchas-or,-eror-ar.Forinstance,teacherismadefromteachandsuffix-er.Back-formationreferstothereversedprocess.Thatis,verbsaremadefromexistingnounsbydeletingseemingorimaginedaffix.Forexample,diagnosecamefromdiagnosis,andovulatefromovulation.SpecializedvocabularyUnit9

Medicine第25頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours25Academiclanguageanddiscourse2.Generalrulesofformingmedicalterms

Clipping:Clipping,alsocalledshortening,referstotheprocesswherebyawordisshortenedbyclippingoffpartofthewordwithoutchangingitsmeaningandwordclass.Forexample,fluisshortenedformofinfluenza,specsofspectacles,polioofpoliomyelitis,psychofpsychology,andquackofquacksalver.Acronym:Anacronymisawordcoinedfromtheinitiallettersofagroupwordsinatitleorphrase.Alargenumberofacronymshavebeencreatedinmedical,suchasCT(computerizedtomography),RBC(redbloodcell),CC

(chiefcomplain),BMR(basalmetabolicrate),BP

(bloodpressure),GP(generalpractitioner),andNP(nursepractitioner).SpecializedvocabularyUnit9

Medicine第26頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours26AcademiclanguageanddiscourseSignpostlanguage1.DoTask2/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.2.Discussthewaysthatatermorconceptisdefined.Unit9

Medicine第27頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours27AcademiclanguageanddiscourseFormalEnglishDoTask3/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.Unit9

Medicine第28頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Academiclanguageanddiscours28Listening1.ExplainCornellNote-takingForm2.ListentotheclipanddoTask1andcheckthefirstthreeR’sinCornellnote-takingformat.3.Writedownthesummaryofthevideointhecorrespondingspaceontheformprovided.4.WatchthevideoclipandcompleteTask2.Unit9

Medicine第29頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Listening1.ExplainCornellNo29SpeakingExplainthelanguageresources,asprovidedintheboxofSpeaking,fordevelopingastrongconclusion.Attentionisnecessarytotheimportanceandvalueofanimpressivecloseofaspeech.DothepresentationinclassandAsktheaudiencetoevaluatethepresentationusingChecklistChartonPage222

inthetextbook.

Commentonthepresentation.

Unit9

Medicine第30頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)SpeakingExplainthelanguager30SpeakingSupplementaryinformationCreativeandcompellingwaystocloseaspeech

EndthespeechbyrecappingthemajorpointsinthespeechEndthespeechbyreferringbacktotheopeninganecdoteorquoteEndthespeechbycallingforactionandapplyingwhatyouhavesaidinthespeech,forexample:Let’sdoittogether.We’veheardwhatwehavetodo.We’veseenwhatweneedtodo.Nowisthetimetodoit,and,together,wecandoit.EndthespeechbyquotingMorethan450yearsbeforethebirthofChrist,Confuciussaid:“WhatIhear,Iforget;whatIsee,Iremember;whatIdo,Iunderstand.”Unit9

Medicine第31頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)SpeakingCreativeandcompellin31WritingHowtowriteyourreferencelist?Referencesystemsdifferfromeachotherinthearrangementofelements(author’sname,publicationdate,titleofthework,publicationdata).Thereexistpossiblevariationsoftheformatrequirementsbyaparticularjournal.Suchinformationisusuallyavailableinthe“ForAuthors”sectiononthejournal’sofficialwebsite.Unit9

Medicine第32頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)WritingHowtowriteyourrefer32Writing2.DoTask1/Writing.Unit9

Medicine第33頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Writing2.DoTask1/Writing.33感謝您的欣賞！第34頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)感謝您的欣賞！第34頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)34第1頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)第1頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)35Unit9

MedicineUnitContentsUnitobjectivesTextATextBTextCAcademiclanguageanddiscourseListeningSpeakingWriting第2頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)Unit9

MedicineUnitContentsUn36UnitObjectives1.ProfessionalKnowledgeKnowmoreaboutthefollowingmedicine-relatedissues:thedrivingforcesoftheconstantchangesinmedicinethechangingdoctor-patientrelationshipthenewrequirementsinmedicalcurriculardesign,andthetrendindrugdevelopment2.ReadingSummarizethemainideaofatextandidentifyessentialsupportingpoints.Understanddifficultsentences(e.g.,sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference).Analyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescritically(e.g.,thechangingdoctor-patientrelationship;designingup-to-datemedicalcurricula…).Identifyandestablishacause-and-effectrelationshipasinthecaseofchangesinmedicine.Unit9

Medicine第3頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives1.Professional37UnitObjectives3.ListeningUseCornellnote-takingsystem.4.SpeakingDevelopastrongconclusion5.WritingLearntowriteareferencelistUnit9

Medicine第4頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives3.ListeningUni38UnitObjectives6.ResearchingIndependentlylocateandstudyavarietyofresources(articles,books,videos,etc.)toknowmoreaboutdrugresearchanddevelopment.7.AcademiclanguageanddiscourseAcquiresomemedicalterms.Learnhowtomakeadefinition.ComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressionsUnit9

Medicine第5頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)UnitObjectives6.ResearchingU39TextALead-inDiscussinsomegroupsthefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkofthemedicalprofession?HowhastheInternetinfluenceddoctors’medicalpractice?Shareyouranswerswiththewholeclass.Unit9

Medicine第6頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextALead-inDiscussinsome40TextAOverview1.SummarizethemainideasofTextA.Amongmanychallengesandquestions,doctor-patientrelationshipwillbethegreatestforthephysicians.Challengeonthedoctor’sroleincertainclinicalsituationsApproachestomeetingthechallengeRegardingmedicineasascienceofanartChangesneednotdiminishdoctors’interactionswithpatients,whichisthemainreasonwhydoctorsareprivilegedUnit9

Medicine第7頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextAOverview1.Summarizet41TextAIn-depthanalysis1.Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthefollowing:alternativemedicinedoctor-patientrelationshipdesktopmedicineUnit9

Medicine第8頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA1.Contributeasmuch42TextASupplementaryinformation1.AlternativemedicineAlternativemedicinereferstohealingtreatmentsthatarenotpartofconventionalmedicaleducation,whichincludesacupuncture,massagetherapy,orherbalmedicine.Theygotthename“alternative”becausepeopleusedtoconsiderpracticeslikethesenottobelongtothemainstream.AlternativemedicinehasbeenlongtaughtandpracticedinEasterncountries.Inrecentyears,itgainsincreasingrecognitioninWesternsocieties,withhospitalsprovidingalternativetreatments,medicalschoolsofferingcoursesinalternativemedicine,andpatientsbecomingmorereceptivetotryingalternativetechniques.Unit9

Medicine第9頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA1.Alternativemedicin43TextASupplementaryinformation2.Doctor-patientrelationshipDoctor-patientrelationship,alsocalledphysician-patientrelationship,hasbeenandremainsakeystoneofmedicalpracticeandisessentialforthedeliveryofhigh-qualityhealthcareinthediagnosisandtreatmentofdiseases.Itservesasthemediuminwhichdataaregathered,diagnosesandplansaremade,complianceisaccomplished,andsupportisprovided.Therelationshipplaysaparamountroleinmaintainingaprofessionalrapportwithpatients,upholdingpatients’dignity,andrespectingtheirprivacy.Italsoformsoneofthefoundationsofcontemporarymedicalethicsandismostwidelytalkedaboutinmedicalandhealthcarecommunities.Unit9

Medicine第10頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA2.Doctor-patientrela44TextASupplementaryinformation3.DesktopmedicineDesktopmedicine,anemergingconceptinmedicine,describeshowadeskwithanetworkedcomputeristransformingmedicalscienceand,inturn,medicalpractice.Historically,bedsidemedicinehasbeenusedtodiagnoseandtreatdiseases,incorporatingthestandardelementsofthehistory,thechiefcomplaint,thereviewofsystems,thephysicalexam,andthediagnosticstudies.Incontrasttotraditionalbedsidemedicine,desktopmedicinefeaturesresearchers’discoveringrisk-factorbaseddiseasesandphysicians’diagnosingandtreatingpatientswiththesediseases.Whilebedsidemedicinefocusesonthepresenceorabsenceofdiseases,desktopmedicineconcernsthemanagementoftheriskofdiseases.Unit9

Medicine第11頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA3.DesktopmedicineUni45TextAIn-depthanalysis2.Discusschangesinmedicalpracticeandadaptiondoctorsarewarrantedtomake,integratingTask1/Criticalreadingandthinkingintothediscussion.3.FocusonsomeofthedifficultsentencesinTextAbydoingTask2/Criticalreadingand.Youwillbeinvitedtoreportyouranswerstotheclass.Unit9

Medicine第12頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextA2.Discusschangesin46TextBTextanalysis1.Whatis“pillburden”?Pillburdenreferstothenumberoftablets,capsules,orotherdosageformsthatapatienttakesonaregularbasis.Highpillburdenisassociatedwithabunchofproblems:adecreasedcompliancewithdrugtherapy;anincreasedpossibilityofadversemedicationreactions(sideeffects)anddrug-druginteractions;anincreasedriskofhospitalization,medicationerrors;increasedcostsforboththepharmaceuticalsthemselvesandforthetreatmentofadverseevents;anddissatisfactionformanypatients.Unit9

Medicine第13頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis1.Whati47TextBTextanalysis2.Whatis“Fixed-dosecombinationdrugs”?Fixed-dosecombinationdrugsarethosecontainingtwoormoredrugsinfixedproportionsinthesameformulation.Fixed-dosecombinations,withtheirreportedadvantagestothepatients,arebecomingincreasinglyimportant.Generaladvantagesincludereducedcostsofmanufacture,improvedpatientadherenceanddecreasedcostsofdistribution.Advantageslikeincreasedefficacyandincreasedsafetymaybepossiblewithcertaincases.SuchdrugsarebeingusedinthetreatmentofvariousconditionsandarespecificallyusefulinthemanagementofHIV,malaria(瘧疾),tuberculosis(結(jié)核病),diabetesandhypertension,tonameafew.Unit9

Medicine第14頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis2.Whati48TextBTextanalysis3.Whataretheproblemsassociatedwithhighpillburdenandbenefitsbroughtaboutbyfixed-dosecombinationdrugs？4.SummarizethemainideaofthetextafterapaireddiscussionofTask1/Criticalreadingandthinking.5.Workingroupsof4-5toworkoutTask2/Criticalreadingandthinking.Reportyouranswerstotheclass.Unit9

Medicine第15頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysis3.Whata49TextBTextanalysisTask1/OverviewSimplificationofpatientcare,particularlythesimplifieddrugregimens,willyieldbenefitsbothforthepatientsandforthedrugmanufacturers.Theincreasingburdenofchronicdiseasesmaycausetheappealoffixed-dosecombinationdrugstoincrease.Suchproductshaveprovedtoenhancepatients’adherencetodrugregimens.Besides,thosedrugsarealsoappealingtothepharmaceuticalindustry.Althoughdrugmanufacturersarerequiredtogothroughtheregularapprovalprocess,itcostslesstointroduceafixed-dosecombinationdrugthantobringanewdrugtomarket.Despitetheirpossibledisadvantagessuchasclinicians’limitedabilitytocustomizedosingregimens,fixedcombinationdrugswillofferasolutiontotheincreasingdemandformoremedicationstocontrolchronicillnesses.Unit9

Medicine第16頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBTextanalysisTask1/Ov50TextBResearchingFormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching/TextB.Withineachteam,thereare:1)FacilitatorThinkaboutthewholegroupandmanagethetaskandthelearningprocessMakesureeveryonefeelsincludedandhasajobtodobeforeandduringthediscussion.Presideoverthe

discussion.2)recorderMakenotesofthegroupdiscussion.Workwiththereporter,whowillhavetoreadfromthenotes.3)reporterSummarizeandpresentthediscussionresultstothewholeclass.speakonbehalfofthegroup.Unit9

Medicine第17頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextBResearchingFormintot511.Contributewhatyouknowaboutthefollowingtermsandthengiveexamplesasmanyaspossible.

TextCTextAnalysispublichealthveterinarymedicineUnit9

Medicine第18頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)1.Contributewhatyouknowab52TextCSupplementaryinformationPublicHealthPublichealthisconcernedwiththehealthofthecommunityasawhole.C.E.A.Winslow,oneoftheleadingfiguresinthehistoryofpublichealth,definedas“thescienceandartofpreventingdisease,prolonginglifeandpromotinghealthandefficincythrough

organizedcommunityefforts”Themissionofpublichealthistofulfillsociety’sinterestinassuringconditionsinwhichpeoplecanbehealthy.TheUnitedStatesPublicHealthService(USPHS)isafederalhealthagencythatispartoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.StateandcountypublichealthagenciesfunctionunderthesupervisionofandwithfinancialsupportfromtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Unit9

Medicine第19頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextCSupplementaryinformat53TextCSupplementaryinformationVeterinarymedicineVeterinarymedicineisthebranchofmedicinethatdealswiththestudy,prevention,andtreatmentofdiseasesinanimals,especiallydomesticatedanimals.Thescopeofveterinarymedicinecoversallanimalspecies,bothdomesticatedandwild.Besidesdiagnosingandtreatingsickandinjuredanimals,veterinarianshasthemissionofpreventingthetransmissionofanimaldiseasestopeople,andadvisingownersonthepropercareofanimals.Veterinaryschoolisusually4yearsandrequiresapriorcollegedegreeintheUSandCanada.Unit9

Medicine第20頁(yè)/共34頁(yè)TextCSupplementaryinformat542.DothetranslationtaskinTextC.人、動(dòng)物和我們的環(huán)境合力產(chǎn)生了一種新動(dòng)態(tài)，使每個(gè)群界的健康相互關(guān)聯(lián)，密不可分。這一新動(dòng)態(tài)帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)強(qiáng)度高，意義深刻，前