非謂語動詞課件

非謂語非謂語非謂語動詞動名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過去分詞p.p動詞不定式todo非謂語動詞動名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主語）（作賓語）（作表語）（作定語）動名詞1.Swimmingishisfavoritespoenjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作賓語①enjoy+doing作賓語①adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意+doing②注意lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③lookforwardto+doing③likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo4+doing4forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo5forget+doing5needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone6need+doing6句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質的

）（是形容事物的性質的

）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.

(1)作主語

句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todIt'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+謂語+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor.句型2：It+謂語+todo句型3：It’s+1.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇

want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose…(2)作賓語

2.見動名詞用法1.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want/wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder

warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作賓補

wantexpectwishsb.tod分詞1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.

Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

2.作后置定語3.作表語1.作前置定語分詞1.Makelessnoise，there’sa現(xiàn)分和過分作定語的區(qū)別：

boilingwater正在沸騰的水（表正在進行） boiledwater開水（表完成） developingcountries發(fā)展中國家 developedcountries發(fā)達國家 adisappointinglook一個令人失望的表情 adisappointedlook一個失望的表情注：修飾人的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（復印資料）現(xiàn)分和過分作定語的區(qū)別：Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作補語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作狀語IheardthemsingingintheclHearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分詞作狀語：Hearingthebadnews,WhenthGivenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionGivenmoreattention,IftheyhBeingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryBeingsoangry,BecausehewasTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheywereSingingandlaughingTheycameintotheclassroom,aToservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.InordertoservethepeoplewellToservethepeoplewell,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,2.WhenhefoundthedoorFindiHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime復印資料練習Hestartedearlyinorderthat不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別：1.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listento1感覺：feel不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別：seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上詞語用于被動語態(tài)要還原“to”see+sb./sth.+do注：以上詞語用于被動語態(tài)要還make+sb./sth.do 讓…做…done 讓…被做+let+sb./sth.do 讓…做…bedone讓…被做+get+sb./sth.todo讓…做…doing 讓…做…done 讓…被做+make+sb./sth.do 讓…做…+let+have+sb./sth.+do 讓…做…doing 讓…持續(xù)做…done 讓…被做注意：1.havesth.done還表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.

2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.have+sb./sth.+do 讓…做…注意：1.hav2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withleavesb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing讓某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled… +2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、wkeepsb./sth.doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone 讓某人/某物被…(表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài))+Eg:Keeptheengine['end??n]running.

Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.keepsb./sth.doing 讓某人/某物一直做findsb./sth.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做...sb./sthdone 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經…(表示完成/狀態(tài))sb./sth.(tobe) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物…+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.catchsb.doing撞見某人正在做...+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.findsb./sth.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在withsb./sth.doing 表示主動且進行/表示特征sth.beingdone 表示被動且進行sth.done 表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài)

sth.todo 表示將來+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.withsb./sth.doing 表示主動且進行/五.動名詞的復合結構1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語:

Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.

2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)

going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)

smoking.五.動名詞的復合結構1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名獨立主格結構

一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。

獨立主格結構（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.獨立主格結構一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主1．獨立主格結構的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.1．獨立主格結構的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweath（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeetin2．with+復合賓語結構這種結構也可以看成是一種獨立主格結構。這種結構有較鮮明的特色。在這種結構中，with后的賓語相當于該結構中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當于這個結構中的邏輯謂語。這個結構很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

2．with+復合賓語結構這種結構也可以看成是一種獨立主（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Thetea4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’ts（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

All3.由Therebeing+主語這種結構多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經常學習到深夜。3.由Therebeing+主語TherebeingThanksalot!Thanksalot!不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實（2）今天早晨做早操對身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼見為實。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習慣。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語1.ToseeisA:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，

可以在不定式前加一個由for引起的短語。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：

(表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.A:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，B:下列形容詞作動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學好英語是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做小結：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則二、特殊表達三、固定句型四、習慣用法主語和表語對稱動名詞表示經常性、反復發(fā)生的動作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth小結：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則主語和表語對稱（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可構成將來時態(tài),表“準備/打算/計劃/需要”;

Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定語

不定式作定語時，

通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關系。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定語

不定式作定語時，

通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關系。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，1).目的狀語:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表強調.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).結果狀語:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto結構中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因狀語:主語+系動詞+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(憂慮),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome1).目的狀語:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加in動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式保留了動詞的一些特征，具有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但是它的時態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式保留了動詞的一些特征，具有時WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.

如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。

Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.

I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．

Aftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.WhenIgothome,mysonhappen怎樣區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞Myjobisteaching.換位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.≠ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表語作定語⑴動名詞作定語表示性質或用途。awashingmachine

＝amachineforwashing怎樣區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞Myjobisteaching四.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成式：動名詞完成式表示其動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidin’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被動式：當動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作對

象時，該動名詞要求用被動形式。例如：Shedidn’tmindbeingcalledahousewife四.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成式：動名詞完成式表示其動作在謂語動非謂語非謂語非謂語動詞動名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過去分詞p.p動詞不定式todo非謂語動詞動名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主語）（作賓語）（作表語）（作定語）動名詞1.Swimmingishisfavoritespoenjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作賓語①enjoy+doing作賓語①adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意+doing②注意lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③lookforwardto+doing③likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo4+doing4forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo5forget+doing5needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone6need+doing6句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質的

）（是形容事物的性質的

）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.

(1)作主語

句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todIt'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+謂語+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor.句型2：It+謂語+todo句型3：It’s+1.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇

want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose…(2)作賓語

2.見動名詞用法1.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want/wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder

warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作賓補

wantexpectwishsb.tod分詞1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.

Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

2.作后置定語3.作表語1.作前置定語分詞1.Makelessnoise，there’sa現(xiàn)分和過分作定語的區(qū)別：

boilingwater正在沸騰的水（表正在進行） boiledwater開水（表完成） developingcountries發(fā)展中國家 developedcountries發(fā)達國家 adisappointinglook一個令人失望的表情 adisappointedlook一個失望的表情注：修飾人的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（復印資料）現(xiàn)分和過分作定語的區(qū)別：Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作補語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作狀語IheardthemsingingintheclHearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分詞作狀語：Hearingthebadnews,WhenthGivenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionGivenmoreattention,IftheyhBeingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryBeingsoangry,BecausehewasTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheywereSingingandlaughingTheycameintotheclassroom,aToservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.InordertoservethepeoplewellToservethepeoplewell,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,2.WhenhefoundthedoorFindiHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime復印資料練習Hestartedearlyinorderthat不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別：1.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listento1感覺：feel不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別：seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上詞語用于被動語態(tài)要還原“to”see+sb./sth.+do注：以上詞語用于被動語態(tài)要還make+sb./sth.do 讓…做…done 讓…被做+let+sb./sth.do 讓…做…bedone讓…被做+get+sb./sth.todo讓…做…doing 讓…做…done 讓…被做+make+sb./sth.do 讓…做…+let+have+sb./sth.+do 讓…做…doing 讓…持續(xù)做…done 讓…被做注意：1.havesth.done還表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.

2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.have+sb./sth.+do 讓…做…注意：1.hav2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withleavesb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing讓某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled… +2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、wkeepsb./sth.doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone 讓某人/某物被…(表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài))+Eg:Keeptheengine['end??n]running.

Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.keepsb./sth.doing 讓某人/某物一直做findsb./sth.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做...sb./sthdone 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經…(表示完成/狀態(tài))sb./sth.(tobe) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物…+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.catchsb.doing撞見某人正在做...+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.findsb./sth.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在withsb./sth.doing 表示主動且進行/表示特征sth.beingdone 表示被動且進行sth.done 表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài)

sth.todo 表示將來+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.withsb./sth.doing 表示主動且進行/五.動名詞的復合結構1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語:

Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.

2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)

going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)

smoking.五.動名詞的復合結構1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名獨立主格結構

一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。

獨立主格結構（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.獨立主格結構一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主1．獨立主格結構的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.1．獨立主格結構的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweath（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeetin2．with+復合賓語結構這種結構也可以看成是一種獨立主格結構。這種結構有較鮮明的特色。在這種結構中，with后的賓語相當于該結構中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當于這個結構中的邏輯謂語。這個結構很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

2．with+復合賓語結構這種結構也可以看成是一種獨立主（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Thetea4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’ts（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

All3.由Therebeing+主語這種結構多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經常學習到深夜。3.由Therebeing+主語TherebeingThanksalot!Thanksalot!不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實（2）今天早晨做早操對身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼見為實。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習慣。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語1.ToseeisA:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，

可以在不定式前加一個由for引起的短語。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：

(表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.A:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，B:下列形容詞作動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學好英語是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做小結：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則二、特殊表達三、固定句型四、習慣用法主語和表語對稱動名詞表示經常性、反復發(fā)生的動作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth小結：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則主語和表語對稱（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可構成將來時態(tài),表“準備/打算/計劃/需要”;

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