考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南錫業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南錫業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePops”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies—andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtopstars’highincome?

2.AccordingtothefirstparagraphRoyaltyonce（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthoritcouldbeinferredthat

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorremindspeople

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Approval

B.Disapproval

C.Ironical

D.Critical

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wascoldlygreeted

B.ledalifeasalltheotherpeopledid

C.livedalifetheformerpopstarscouldenjoy

D.enjoyedastyleoflivingthatpeoplewerehardtoimagine

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.popstarscouldbecomparedtoRoyalty

B.popstarscouldbecomparedtotopmeninindustry

C.popstarsarelowentertainers

D.popstarsshareconveniences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.mostfamousstarsaretipoftheicebergwithotherhundredsstrugglingforaliving

B.societyalwaysrewardstopentertainers

C.Popstarsarenews

D.crowdsgreetpopstarseverywheretheygo

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Popstarsexertundesirableinfluenceinsociety

B.ComingandGongsAreRewarded

C.FierceCompetition:TopofthePop

D.PopStarsCertainlyMakeTheirMoney

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.（明星們應(yīng)該以這種方式得到報(bào)酬，這是正確的）可知作者對(duì)明星高收入的態(tài)度是支持的，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段描寫(xiě)了今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式：無(wú)論他們走到哪里，人們都會(huì)聚集在一起迎接他們。人群瘋狂地試圖抓住一個(gè)短暫的機(jī)會(huì)，一瞥他們的笑容滿面，穿著華麗的偶像。這些明星是由司機(jī)駕駛的勞斯萊斯、私人直升機(jī)或?qū)C(jī)接送的。

由此可推測(cè)皇室曾經(jīng)享受著特權(quán)生活，過(guò)著普通人想象不到的生活，因此D選項(xiàng)“享受著人們難以想象的生活方式”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies（行業(yè)中最優(yōu)秀的人，難道不因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)楣竞蛧?guó)家提供的服務(wù)而賺取豐厚的薪水嗎？流行歌星用外幣賺了很多錢(qián)——通常比大型工業(yè)公司賺得多）可推測(cè)B選項(xiàng)“流行歌星可以被比作工業(yè)界的頂尖人物”正確。A選項(xiàng)由第一段中的PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty（今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式）直接得答案，不需要推測(cè)，C、D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容來(lái)看說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving（那些發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。對(duì)于每一個(gè)著名的明星，有數(shù)以百計(jì)的其他人掙扎著謀生）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)著名的明星都是冰山一角，而其他數(shù)百名明星則在為生存而奮斗”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章的標(biāo)題通常可作為文章的主題。A選項(xiàng)“流行歌星在社會(huì)中產(chǎn)生不良的影響”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，故排除；B選項(xiàng)不清楚指的是什么，故排除；C選項(xiàng)“激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：流行音樂(lè)的巔峰”只在文章第三段中提及，不具有概論性，故排除；因此D“流行歌星賺那么多的錢(qián)是理所當(dāng)然”最為恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

15.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)要先看看藥物注射是否有效，患者的狀況還不到進(jìn)行化療的程度。

3.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.foundations

C.complications

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象，效果”；B選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ)，地基”；C選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；D選項(xiàng)conceptions“概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來(lái)自不同文化的人對(duì)世界有不同的（）。本句表示“不同的人對(duì)世界有不同的印象”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attributed歸因于，歸功于B.conducted實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻(xiàn)身，致力D.contributed貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他對(duì)城市地區(qū)的興趣）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣，空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進(jìn)行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17歲上大學(xué)”可知，因?yàn)樗那嗄陼r(shí)代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市，所以他會(huì)對(duì)城市地區(qū)感興趣，換言之，他對(duì)城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于……”，指認(rèn)為某事物是另一事物的結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)attributed“歸因于，歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)conducted“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”指組織或進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)，不能和“interest（興趣）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)devoted“獻(xiàn)身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時(shí)間、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)contributed“貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)”，contributesth.tosth.指贈(zèng)予錢(qián)或物品以幫助某人，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對(duì)城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時(shí)代，他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學(xué)。

5.單選題

Sincespeechissuchafamiliaractivity,itisoftenregardedasauniversalendowment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gift

B.event

C.trait

D.habit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。endowment表示“捐贈(zèng)，天資”。A項(xiàng)gift“天資，禮物”，B項(xiàng)event“事件”，C項(xiàng)trait“特性，品質(zhì)”，D項(xiàng)habit“習(xí)慣，嗜好”。句意：由于演講是令大家如此熟悉的意象活動(dòng)，所以它被視為一種人人具備的天賦。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.今天，被近千年的傳統(tǒng)所束縛并且缺少充足政府資助的牛津大學(xué)，難以輕松應(yīng)對(duì)加快了的全球教育變革步伐。不管對(duì)錯(cuò)與否，其他學(xué)校都重點(diǎn)建設(shè)商務(wù)類的課程時(shí)，牛津尤其慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，這樣在資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中就落在劍橋這樣的大學(xué)之后，而這些資源傾向于流向看重商務(wù)的學(xué)校。

2.自2008年以來(lái)，快遞數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)的一半都來(lái)自于“海淘”買(mǎi)家。因此，盡管近年來(lái)貿(mào)易總體增長(zhǎng)緩慢，但跨境電子商務(wù)的興起讓快遞公司仍然生意興隆，國(guó)際快遞三大巨頭最新季度收入創(chuàng)下新高。不過(guò)快遞業(yè)面臨著一個(gè)新的挑戰(zhàn)：由于特朗普的保護(hù)主義傾向和英國(guó)脫歐(Brexit)，貿(mào)易壁壘將重新回歸。

【答案】1.Today,OxfordUniversitythathasbeenlimitedbyatraditionofaboutonethousandyearsandlackedsufficientgovernmentalfunding,isdifficulttocopewiththequickenedpaceofglobaleducationrevolution.Whetherrightlyorwrongly,whileotheruniversitiesarepayingattentiontobuildingbusinesscourses,OxfordUniversityisparticularlyslowtofollow.Consequently,ithasfallenbehinduniversitieslikeCambridgeUniversityinresourcecompetitionwhichtendtoflowtouniversitiesthatfocusesonbusinesscourses.

2.Since2008,halfofthegrowthinthevolumeofexpressdeliveryhasderivedfrombuyerswhomaketheirpurchasesin“cross-borderonlineshopping.”Therefore,althoughoveralltradegrowthhasbeenslowinrecentyears,theriseofcross-bordere-commercehasstillallowedexpresscompaniestodrivearoaringtrade.Thethreebiggestinternationalexpresscompanieshavereachedanewhighintheirlatestquarterlyrevenue.Buttheexpressindustryisfacedwithanewchallenge:tradebarrierswillreturnduetoTrump'sprotectionisttendenciesandBrexit.

7.單選題

TheGovernmentislikelyto（

）withtheoppositiononthenewtaxproposals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.confront

C.clash

D.contradict

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。encounterwith“遇到”；clashwith“沖突”；contradictwith“相對(duì)立”；confront后面不接with。句意：政府可能會(huì)在新的稅收提案上遭到反對(duì)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

ManyeconomistsbelievethatAmericamustreplaceitsmoribundsmokestackindustrieswithbusinessbasedonnewtechnology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.mordant

C.mortified

D.ousted

【答案】A

【解析】由句意可知，許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，美國(guó)必須用基于新技術(shù)的商業(yè)來(lái)取代……的低技術(shù)工業(yè)。既然低技術(shù)工業(yè)應(yīng)該被新技術(shù)商業(yè)代替，也就是低技術(shù)工業(yè)岌岌可危了。A選項(xiàng)obsolete“廢棄的；瀕死的”；B選項(xiàng)mordant“有腐蝕性的；尖酸的”；C選線mortified“窘迫的；受辱的”；D選項(xiàng)ousted“被驅(qū)逐的”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“瀕死的”符合題意。

9.單選題

Youwillfindthesceneryissobeautifulifyouviewfromthe（

）ofthehill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ceiling

B.summit

C.mantle

D.roof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果從山頂上看，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)景是如此的美麗。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

（）he’salreadyheardthenews.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chancesare

B.Chanceis

C.Opportunitiesare

D.Opportunityis

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很可能已經(jīng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息了。

11.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree

（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat

（

）.

5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.istherootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems

B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.

B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.

D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中，智力是根據(jù)人的讀、寫(xiě)和計(jì)算能力來(lái)衡量的，作者對(duì)此的看法是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯(cuò)誤觀念結(jié)束”（Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth），接著作者又提到位于這些錯(cuò)誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此，在作者看來(lái)，認(rèn)為“智力是根據(jù)人的讀寫(xiě)和計(jì)算能力來(lái)衡量”是錯(cuò)誤的，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章中暗示擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位意味著什么？”文章第一段提到“我們開(kāi)始相信一個(gè)擁有教育榮譽(yù)徽章并且擅長(zhǎng)某一學(xué)科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書(shū)”（Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates），由此可知，學(xué)歷并不代表智力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為擁有智力的人知道什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂(lè)，如果你每時(shí)每刻都為值得的一切生活，那么你就是一個(gè)有智力的人”（Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson），所以在作者看來(lái)，有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價(jià)值，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么？”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個(gè)人都要為生存而斗爭(zhēng)，這都是一樣的。每個(gè)人都與他相關(guān)聯(lián)的人有著相似的困難”（Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties），說(shuō)明每個(gè)人在生活中都會(huì)遇上困難，但這只是生活的一部分，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見(jiàn)？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠(chéng)問(wèn)題是生活狀況的一部分，并且不以‘沒(méi)有問(wèn)題’作為衡量快樂(lè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人是有智力的人，但是這種人很稀少”（Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare），因此選項(xiàng)B“意識(shí)到生活中的困難，但是知道如何避免不快樂(lè)的人”符合題意。

12.單選題

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。flourish意為“繁榮，昌盛”；accession意為“增加”；sanction意為“制裁，處罰”；recession意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，不景氣”。

句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家正遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，商業(yè)活動(dòng)大大減少，失業(yè)率很高。

13.單選題

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來(lái)推斷是不公平的，說(shuō)所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries（

）

theapprovalofthesenate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.drawsout

D.substitutefor

【答案】A

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)和別的國(guó)家所簽訂的協(xié)議要受到議會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。

besubjectedto受到...;經(jīng)受...。besubjectto受支配,從屬于;常遭受有...傾向的。drawout取出；擬訂。substitutefor代替，取代。

15.單選題

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲(chǔ)備；自然保護(hù)區(qū)；預(yù)備隊(duì)；儲(chǔ)備金”；C選項(xiàng)reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D選項(xiàng)remedial“治療的；補(bǔ)救的；矯正的”。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)他是被敵對(duì)幫派射殺，為上周的槍擊案復(fù)仇。由關(guān)鍵詞“shooting槍擊”可推知“報(bào)復(fù)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whentherentwasdue,thepoorman（

）formoretime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleaded

B.squashed

C.exerted

D.cursed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)房租到期時(shí),這個(gè)可憐的人懇求多給些時(shí)間。pleadfor意為請(qǐng)求,符合句意,選項(xiàng)A正確。

17.單選題

Ifeelquiteconfidentin（）Mr.Jacksontoyouforthevacantpostofresearchassistant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.submitting

B.proclaiming

C.recalling

D.recommending

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，贊揚(yáng)；recalling回顧，回想；recommending推薦，舉薦。根據(jù)句意：我很有信心向您推薦杰克遜先生擔(dān)任研究助理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

18.單選題

TheGymnasiumwas（

）byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobecompleted

B.tocomplete

C.tohavecompleted

D.tohavebeencompleted

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。選項(xiàng)A是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式，表示被動(dòng)或是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主語(yǔ)形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C是不定式的完成式，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系兼完成狀態(tài)。分析文章語(yǔ)義“體育館2014年4月建成”了，選項(xiàng)D為最佳答案。

19.填空題

13.Wearehavingsome（1）withthemachinethatweimported（2）Japanlastyear.Ithas（3）downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave（4）toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto（5）it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave（6）completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea（7）,wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.

句意:

我們?nèi)ツ陱娜毡具M(jìn)口的這臺(tái)機(jī)器正有些故障。它已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)兩次故障了。每次故障發(fā)生時(shí)，我們都不得不讓日方派技術(shù)員來(lái)北京修理它。好消息是我們自己的技術(shù)員己經(jīng)結(jié)束了他們?cè)跂|京的培訓(xùn)。下次該機(jī)器再有故障時(shí)，我們就不需要邀請(qǐng)日本專家了。

【答案】1.trouble

2.from

3.broken

4.had

5.repair

6.already

7.breakdown

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。

2.固定搭配。importedfrom從…進(jìn)口。

3.固定搭配。breakdown損壞，分解，發(fā)生故障，分詞為brokendown。

4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞表完成時(shí)態(tài)，故這里應(yīng)填had。

5.語(yǔ)義題。修理用repair。

6.語(yǔ)義題。Havealready已經(jīng)。

7.語(yǔ)義題。haveabreakdown損壞,出故障。

20.單選題

______Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Unless

C.As

D.Since

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題，但我不認(rèn)為它們不可解決。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putupwith

C.putoff

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推遲，扔掉，阻止；putout熄滅，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防隊(duì)員們奮戰(zhàn)了好幾天才把森林大火撲滅。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.單選題

Hisbackinjuryhas（

）himunfitforwork,sohehasnoalternativebuttoliveonreliefpayment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.devastated

C.reckoned

D.hindered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。render意為“使成為，使變得”；devastate意為“破壞”；reckon意為“測(cè)算，估計(jì)”；hinder意為“阻礙，妨礙”。

句意：他的背傷使他無(wú)法工作，因此，他別無(wú)選擇只能依靠救濟(jì)金生活。

23.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問(wèn)題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會(huì)集中支持基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究？），具體介紹基礎(chǔ)研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有吸引力，因?yàn)榭梢灾苯涌吹胶拖硎艹晒＃唧w講述應(yīng)用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性”：基礎(chǔ)研究?jī)H僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)X射線的不了解”：關(guān)鍵詞X-rays對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個(gè)例子用來(lái)支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無(wú)法預(yù)料基礎(chǔ)研究的實(shí)際應(yīng)用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結(jié)了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開(kāi)用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因?yàn)檫@些能迅速帶來(lái)利益），可知工業(yè)界因?yàn)閼?yīng)用研究帶來(lái)的好處而關(guān)注它，B選項(xiàng)“立刻帶來(lái)利益”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項(xiàng)“排斥基礎(chǔ)研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應(yīng)用研究往往會(huì)排斥基礎(chǔ)研究。），這里指出的是基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的關(guān)系，沒(méi)有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應(yīng)用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應(yīng)用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

24.翻譯題

Wehaveinheritedaworldofrelativeabundance,onewherewecanstillforthemostpartmeetourneeds.Wecanbethankfulforthewisdomofourforebears,whoevidentlytooktheirresponsibilityforthefutureseriously.Yet,imagineaworldwithouttheamazingdiversityofspeciesfromwhichwenowbenefit,aworldwithoutdecentsoiltofarm,airtobreathe,orwatertodrink.Suchaworldisonethatanygenerationcouldinheritifitspredecessordidnotfindwisdominitsresponsibilitytothefuture.

Whatwearetodaydependstoagreatextentuponhowwehavebeenformedbythegenerationsthathaveprecededus.Whenwelooktofuturegenerations,ourpositiontowardthemisanalogoustothepositionofpastgenerationstowardus.Wearethedataoutofwhichthefuturewillbeformed.Whatweareanddotodaywilllimitorcreatetheiroptions,andinthiswayweprofoundlyhelptoshapetheirdestiny.Whatkindofworldweleavetothefutureisessentiallyaquestionofmoralresponsibility.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們繼承了一個(gè)相對(duì)富饒的世界，在這個(gè)世界里，我們?nèi)阅茉诤艽蟪潭壬蠞M足自己的需求。我們應(yīng)該感謝我們祖先的智慧，他們顯然認(rèn)真地承擔(dān)了他們對(duì)未來(lái)的責(zé)任。然而，想象一個(gè)沒(méi)有我們現(xiàn)在受益的驚人物種多樣性的世界，一個(gè)沒(méi)有像樣的土壤可以耕種、沒(méi)有空氣可以呼吸、沒(méi)有水可以飲用的世界，那么在這樣的世界中，如果前輩們沒(méi)有從對(duì)未來(lái)的責(zé)任中發(fā)現(xiàn)智慧，任何一代人都能對(duì)其進(jìn)行繼承。

我們今天是什么樣子，在很大程度上取決于我們的前輩如何塑造我們。當(dāng)我們對(duì)將來(lái)的幾代人負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，我們對(duì)他們的態(tài)度就類似于過(guò)去幾代人對(duì)我們的態(tài)度。我們是構(gòu)成未來(lái)的“數(shù)據(jù)”。我們今天的狀況和所作所為將會(huì)限制或塑造他們的選擇，而通過(guò)這種方式，我們?cè)谒麄兠\(yùn)形成的過(guò)程中具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。我們留給未來(lái)什么樣的世界，從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，是一種道德責(zé)任的問(wèn)題。

25.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminU.S.politics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,reorder,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,thinks,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.Wecanlea