考研考博-英語-臨沂職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨沂職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TheEnglishmanhasbeencalledapoliticalanimal,andhevalueswhatispoliticalandpracticalsomuchthatideaseasilybecomeobjectsofdislikeinhiseyes,andthinkers,miscreants,becausepracticeiseverything,afreeplayofthemindisnothing.Thenotionofthefreeplayofminduponallsubjectsbeingapleasureinitself,beinganobjectofdesire,beinganessentialproviderofelementswithoutwhichanation’sspirit,whatevercompensationsitmayhaveforthem,mustinthelongrun,dieofemptiness,hardlyentersintoanEnglishman’sthoughts.Itisnoticeablethatthewordcuriosity,whichinotherlanguagesisusedinagoodsense,tomean,asahighandfinequalityofman’snature,justthisdisinterestedloveofaplayofthemindonallsubjects,foritsownsake—itisnoticeable,Isay,thatthiswordhasinourlanguagenosenseofthekind,nosensebutaratherbadanddisparagingone.Butcriticism,realcriticism,isessentiallytheexerciseofthisveryquality.

Itobeysaninstinctpromptingittotrytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,irrespectivelyofpractice,politics,andeverythingofthekind;andtovalueknowledgeandthoughtastheyapproachthisbest,withouttheintrusionofanyotherconsiderationswhatsoever.Thisisaninstinctforwhichthereis,Ithink,littleoriginalsympathyinthepracticalEnglishnature,andwhattherewasofithasundergonealongbenumbingperiodofblightandsuppressionintheepochofRomanticism.

ItisofthelastimportancethatEnglishcriticismshouldclearlydiscernwhatruleofitscourse,inordertoavailitselfofthefieldnowopeningtoit,andtoproducefruitforthefuture,itoughttotake,whichmaybesummedupinoneword—disinterestedness.Andhowiscriticismtoshowdisinterestedness?Bykeepingalooffromwhatiscalled“thepracticalviewofthings”;byresolutelyfollowingthelawofitsownnature,whichistobeafreeplayofthemindonallsubjectsittouches.Bysteadilyrefusingtolenditselftoanyofthoseconcealed,political,practicalconsiderationsaboutideas,whichplentyofpeoplewillbesuretoattachtothem,butwhichcriticismhasnothingtodowith.Itsbusinessis,asIhavesaid,simplytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,andbyinitsturnmakingthisknown,tocreateacurrentoftrueandfreshideas.Itsbusinessistodothiswithinflexiblehonesty,withdueability;butitsbusinessistodonomore.

【答案】對所有事物的自由思考本身就是一種樂趣,一種愿望,為民族精神提供了賴以生存的重要因素,不管其他什么樣的補償,一個國家的民族精神終究會由于空洞而消逝。但這種認識很難進入英國人的思想。

好奇心遵循一種本能,促使它不考慮實踐、政治和所有類似的事物,汲取世界上知識和思想的精華;并且促使它在這個過程中不受任何其他考慮的侵擾,珍視知識和思想。

至關(guān)重要的是,英國的批評界若想利用向它敞開的領(lǐng)域,若想在將來有所收獲,必須清楚應(yīng)該為自己的發(fā)展道路選擇什么樣的原則。這種原則可以用“客觀”一詞加以概括。

2.單選題

Lightfromthesunanddistantstarstraversesavacuuminspace.

問題1選項

A.fills

B.creates

C.surrounds

D.crosses

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項fill“裝滿，使充滿，滿足”，B項create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作”，C項surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項cross“穿越，越過”。句意：來自太陽和遙遠恒星的光穿過空間的真空。traverse在句中表示“穿過”。因此，該題選擇D項。

3.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（）themselves.

問題1選項

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。expand“擴大，擴展”；stretch“延伸”；prolong“延長，拖延”；extend“延伸，擴大”。stretchoneself為固定用法，意為“伸懶腰；伸展身體”。句意：完成了上午的工作后，職員們站到自己辦公桌的后面伸展身體。選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

The（）ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

問題1選項

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項motive“動機；目的（側(cè)重于做壞事的動機）”，B選項motivation“動機；積極性（側(cè)重于干勁，動力一類）”，C選項push“推”，D選項drive“驅(qū)動器”，句子中是說男子擊打女孩致死的動機，是壞的行為，因此A選項符合題意。句意為：那個把女孩打死的男人的動機不是為了錢，而是為了殺人。

5.單選題

Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.

問題1選項

A.towhich

B.towhere

C.towho

D.towhom

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。空格處需要選擇一個定語從句的引導詞，而先行詞是物，所以只能用which或者that，但是先行詞在從句中充當?shù)馁e語，objectionto表示“反對”，因此前面引導詞要用towhich。句意：我將解釋一下之前收到許多反對意見的條例。因此A項正確。

6.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere,she（）bybus.

問題1選項

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。A選項musthavegone表示肯定的猜測，“她一定是坐公交車去的”；B選項shouldhavegone和C選項oughttohavegone表示本來應(yīng)該，“她本應(yīng)該坐公交車去的”；D選項couldhavegone表示本來可以，“她本可以坐公交車去的”。句意：南希去上班了，但她的車還在那兒，她一定是坐公交車去的。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Atonetime,marriageswerealways_____bythechurch,butthisisnotthecasenow.

問題1選項

A.sanctified

B.underpinned

C.scanned

D.appreciated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“sanctified”，意為“認可的，批準的，神圣化的”；B選項“underpinned”，意為“加固的，被加固的”；C選項“scanned”，意為“掃描的”;；D選項“appreciated”，意為“受歡迎的，贊賞的”，句意：過去，婚姻總是受到教會的約束，但現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。因此，A選項符合句意。

8.單選題

ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman（）

PrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15th

century.

問題1選項

A.was

B.named

C.being

D.called

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞做狀語時其邏輯主語必須與主句主語一致,

若不一致時,

則要加上自己的邏輯主語。選項B正確。句意：葡萄牙人非常贊賞一個人,

因為他促進了海上旅行,

這個人就是生活在15世紀的航海家亨利王子。

9.單選題

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattenedwheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfield,wherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolairthesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipmentworth1.8milliondollarsrecordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafieldcirclesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.

1.Whatcausesthecircles?

2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat（）.

3.Thecirclesmean（）.

4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.Teenagers

B.Farmers

C.Flyingobjects

D.Noneoftheabove

問題2選項

A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves

B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists

C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain

D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces

問題3選項

A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings

B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth

C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects

D.noneoftheabove

問題4選項

A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade

B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment

C.thattheywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.AnUnsolvedMystery

B.StrangeFlyingObjects

C.ThePowerofNaturalForces

D.TheDiscoveryofStrangeCircles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干問什么東西導致了這些圈圈？我們定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.（科學家表示，他們不確定是什么導致了這種情況。）從這句話我們可以得出，科學家們目前也并不知道是什么導致了這些怪圈，其他的都只是猜測，因此答案為D；A選項“青少年”，B選項“農(nóng)民”，C選項“飛行物”，這些都是人們的猜測。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干問是什么證實了這些圈圈并不是一個惡作?。扛鶕?jù)第二段第一句話Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem（起初，人們懷疑這些圓圈是騙人的。為了證明這些圓圈是騙人的，人們試圖模仿它們）我們可以得出答案是C選項。A選項“兩個男人說是他們制造了這個圈”，B選項“農(nóng)民們做了這個圈去吸引游客”，D選項“科學家認為理論支持這些圈是由自然力量完成的”。

3.事實細節(jié)題。A選項“這些圓圈意味著來自外太空的生物正試圖與人類交流”，B選項“這些圓圈意味著來自外太空的生物已經(jīng)訪問過地球”，C選項“這些圓圈意味著確實存在奇怪的飛行物”，D選項“以上都不對”；題干問這些圈圈意味著什么。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段說了Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.（許多人相信是外太空的生物制造了這些圓圈。一些人認為外太空的生物試圖與我們交流，而這些圓圈是他們的信息。其他人相信存在實際上已經(jīng)登陸地球的生物和圓圈是他們的宇宙飛船留下的印記。）但是這些都是人們的推測，目前科學家并沒有給出明確的結(jié)論，因此A、B、C都不對，答案為D。

4.判斷推理題。題干問科學家們在1990年夏天唯一感到高興的事情可能是？C選項“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”，根據(jù)題干我們定位到倒數(shù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話：Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.（這些圓圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他們開心的事是C，他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈。A選項“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些圓圈是如何形成的”，B選項“他們借助最新的高科技設(shè)備看到了這些圓圈”，D選項“以上都不對”。

5.文章標題題。題干讓我們給文章找一個合適的標題。A選項“一個未解之謎”，B選項“奇怪的飛行物”，C選項“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)全文我們知道，這個怪圈的謎底我們到目前都沒有解開，因此它是一個未解之謎，D選項過于淺顯，不能總結(jié)全文的含義，因此答案為A。

10.單選題

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

問題1選項

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

問題2選項

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

問題3選項

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

問題5選項

A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles

C.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

D.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句話AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科學家們說一個新的愛因斯坦將會出現(xiàn)。但是需要很長一段時間”，根據(jù)這句話可知選項D符合題意。

2.文章第五段提到了愛因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年時期他時常閱讀卡特、叔本華、斯賓諾莎這些哲學家的作品。這些作品教會了他如何獨立以及抽象地去思考時間與空間。由此可推知愛因斯坦“獨立以及抽象的思維”是他成功的關(guān)鍵。所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第八段提到Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepracticalandrewarding—efforts.今天的物理學家們很多都去華爾街和硅谷，把他們的分析能力運用到了實踐，并且不斷努力來獲得（經(jīng)濟）回報。選項D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到如果我們收到像愛因斯坦那樣紙上都是演算公式，沒有腳注，沒有參考文獻的科學論文(getpaperslikethose)，我們會把這些直接放到垃圾郵件里（junkfile）。由此可以推知，BrianGreene是在暗示現(xiàn)在的學術(shù)環(huán)境——人們不會接受看似非?；奶频南敕?。選項D符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第三段“byavirtualunkown”,指的是當時的愛因斯坦還默默無聞，選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Theriverisalready（

）itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

問題1選項

A.parallelto

B.levelin

C.flaton

D.flushwith

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:由于降雨過多，河水己經(jīng)（

）到河床，整座城市有可能受到洪水威脅。parallelto:與…平行;levelin:相等;flaton:平躺;flushwith:與…齊平。因此D項符合句意。

12.單選題

Nature’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

問題1選項

A.engenders...manipulates

B.reflects...simulates

C.outstrips...rivals

D.inhibits...matches

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項的engender“產(chǎn)生，引起（某種感覺或情況）”；manipulate“（暗中）控制，操縱，操作”；B選項的reflect“反映，表明，顯示，反射（聲、光、熱等）”;simulate“假裝,模擬，冒充”；C選項的outstrip“追過，勝過，凌駕”;rival“堪與某人/某物競爭，比得上某人/某物”；D選項的inhibit“禁止，抑制”；match“相配，相適合，（數(shù)量或質(zhì)量）比得上，與……不相上下”。根據(jù)句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超過人類的技術(shù)：盡管螢火蟲所發(fā)出的光亮極為強烈，但其熱量卻微乎其微：其是在近期，人類才研制出化學發(fā)光系統(tǒng)，其能量效率方能與螢火蟲的發(fā)光體系相媲美’確定C選項正確。

13.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。atlarge“整個地”；atintervals“不時”；atease“不緊張”；atrandom“隨機”。句意：討論太長并且令人筋疲力盡，以至于說話的人時不時停下來吃點點心。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

問題1選項

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

問題2選項

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題3選項

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題4選項

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

問題5選項

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

問題6選項

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

問題7選項

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

問題8選項

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

問題9選項

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

問題10選項

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世紀60年代開始跑步時，曾是一名煙民，體重214磅”和后面句意“他的體重減少了60磅”可知此處表示跑步帶來的好處，因此填reap（取得（成果），收獲）。

52.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面可知JimFix在出版書時，通過跑步體重減少了60磅，這是一件正面積極的事，可知此處表示他的書鼓勵了其他人，因此選A。

53.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均壽命）可知D選項最為恰當，表示“運動是怎樣回報人的，以及增加人均壽命”。

54.考查名詞辨析。endurance意為“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意為“證據(jù)，跡象”；supplement意為“補充”；allowance意為“津貼，補貼”。此處表示很多反對他的人說他的死是證明跑步有害的證據(jù)，因此選B。

55.考查動詞辨析。rewrite意為“重寫，改寫”；revise意為“修改（意見或計劃），修訂（書刊）”；reverse意為“顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)”；reveal意為“揭示，顯示”。此處表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心臟病”，因此選D。

56.考查動詞辨析。obtain意為“獲得，得到”；sustain意為“維持，保持”；suffer意為“遭受”；surpass意為“超過”。此處表示“他的父親在35歲時遭受心臟病”，因此選C。

57.考查動詞辨析。acknowledge意為“承認”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”；communicate意為“溝通，交流”；apologize意為“道歉，認錯”。此處表示“PaulThomas承認跑步的不足之處”，因此選A。

58.考查名詞辨析。consequence意為“結(jié)果，成果”；impact意為“影響”；weight意為“重量”；press意為“壓，按”。此處表示“對膝蓋的影響會比較大”，因此選B。

59.考查副詞辨析。explicitly意為“明白地，明確地”；particularly意為“特別，尤其”；commonly意為“通常地”；singularly意為“非常地”。此處表示“跑步的人在訓練中的風險更大，尤其是如果他們跑馬拉松的話”，因此選B。

60.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（對于跑步者來說，這個消息并不全是壞消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之處，可知此處表示對比，因此選A，however意為“然而”，可表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

15.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto（

）.

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

（

）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（

）".

問題1選項

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

問題2選項

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者給一些術(shù)語下了定義，目的是……”。文章第一段提到“這些定義是有必要的，因為必須強調(diào)在一個資源有限的世界中，個人或團體之間的競爭是不可避免的，但是此沖突不是彼沖突”（Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict），由此可以看出作者是為了區(qū)分兩種“沖突”，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，競爭與沖突的區(qū)別在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者認為戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的，其前提是在動物物種的斗爭中，只有適者生存。一般來說，這種斗爭在本質(zhì)上是競爭，而不是沖突”（Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict），因此選項D“它本質(zhì)是為了生存斗爭”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“短語functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。該短語與后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相對應(yīng)，意思與之相反，選項B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章可能主要是為了回答……這個問題”。文章第一句話提到戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免這個問題得到世界上很多偉大作家的關(guān)注（Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters）；文章最后一句話提到國家之間像戰(zhàn)爭一樣的沖突不可避免，但是競爭是不可避免的（itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis），可知全文都是在圍繞著“戰(zhàn)爭能否避免”這話題展開，選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t（）.

問題1選項

A.getalong

B.geton

C.getto

D.getthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項getalong“進展，相處”；B選項geton“上車，進展”；C選項getto“到達，開始，接觸到”；D選項getthrough“通過，接通電話，度過”。句意：我試圖打電話到她辦公室，但我沒有打通。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

17.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeludedlife,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwire,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusory,foundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstreelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that"therewasaking'sson,whobeingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,andgrowinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopieceinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareunabletoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybyfileperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions:whetherwetravelfastorshow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof（

）.

Theauthorbelievesthatachild

（

）.

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto

（

）.

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（

）.

問題1選項

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問題2選項

A.shoul