考研考博-英語-烏海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-烏海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______,manyoperationsonceperformedbyhandhavecometobeperformedbymachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Newtechnologyisintroducedfor

B.Introducingnewtechnologyand

C.Withtheintroductionofnewtechnology

D.Theintroductionofnewtechnology

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。后半句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句應(yīng)該是做修飾的成分或者并列句。A選項(xiàng)做句子for后面缺少成分；B項(xiàng)and應(yīng)該連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，但是前面句子成分不全；C項(xiàng)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做伴隨狀語，符合題意；D項(xiàng)逗號(hào)前后構(gòu)不成邏輯關(guān)系。句意：隨著新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，許多曾經(jīng)由手工完成的操作現(xiàn)在都由機(jī)器來完成。故正確答案為C。

2.單選題

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)justification“借口，理由”；B選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)覺，幻想”；C選項(xiàng)manifestation“表示，表明”；D選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格，說明書”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與assumptions的意思接近，因此選B。句意：我們必須超越幻想和假設(shè)，努力發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失的東西。

3.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個(gè)事發(fā)的過程都沒有中斷；B項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項(xiàng)constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項(xiàng)contrary“相反的、對(duì)立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（營養(yǎng)良好的兒童更警覺、更專心，更能從體育活動(dòng)和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益。），所以A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)專心致志”，C選項(xiàng)“從體育活動(dòng)中受益”，D選項(xiàng)“行為端正”均符合營養(yǎng)良好兒童的特點(diǎn)，排除A，C，D。B選項(xiàng)“在課堂上過于活躍”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會(huì)安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動(dòng)中過于活躍。）可知，這是營養(yǎng)不良孩子的特點(diǎn)，因此本題選B。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，營養(yǎng)不良造成了疾病的循環(huán)，營養(yǎng)狀況越差，抗病能力越低。），說明營養(yǎng)狀況越差的兒童，對(duì)疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A選項(xiàng)“兒童對(duì)疾病的抵抗力與其不良的營養(yǎng)狀況成正比”與原文的表述不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)好的人生病后往往恢復(fù)得很快”，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良的人最容易成為傳染病的受害者”，D選項(xiàng)“循環(huán)表明，疾病會(huì)使?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的狀況惡化”均與原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（營養(yǎng)不良對(duì)許多兒童來說是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，但它并不總是與貧窮或惡劣的環(huán)境有關(guān)。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因?yàn)椴幻髦堑氖澄镞x擇而營養(yǎng)不良……營養(yǎng)不良可能是營養(yǎng)不足或營養(yǎng)過剩的結(jié)果。），說明營養(yǎng)不良的原因有惡劣的環(huán)境、不明智的食物選擇、營養(yǎng)不足、營養(yǎng)過剩。A選項(xiàng)“惡劣的環(huán)境”，B選項(xiàng)“不明智的食物選擇”，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不足”都是導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良的原因之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章介紹了兒童營養(yǎng)不良造成的危害和導(dǎo)致兒童營養(yǎng)不良的原因，但是C選項(xiàng)所說“兒童的營養(yǎng)狀況比成人的營養(yǎng)狀況更值得關(guān)注”無法從本文得出，本文并未對(duì)比兩種狀況哪一種更值得關(guān)注，C選項(xiàng)首先可排除。A選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)過剩比營養(yǎng)不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，營養(yǎng)過剩和營養(yǎng)不足都是造成營養(yǎng)不良的原因，它們同樣有嚴(yán)重的危害，所以A錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“隨著孩子的成長，營養(yǎng)素的攝入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期兒童營養(yǎng)缺乏對(duì)身體發(fā)育的影響不太可能因以后改善飲食攝入而改變，所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良對(duì)兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生長和發(fā)育的早期階段，充分?jǐn)z取所有必需營養(yǎng)素是最重要的”，也就是要保證發(fā)育期的營養(yǎng)攝入，可反推出“營養(yǎng)不良對(duì)兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會(huì)安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動(dòng)中過于活躍。），說明“withdrawn”在文中是形容兒童的性格，意思應(yīng)該是和“安靜”對(duì)應(yīng)的“孤僻的、沉默寡言的”。因此A選項(xiàng)isolated“孤獨(dú)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲(chǔ)備”，C選項(xiàng)“自私的”，D選項(xiàng)“頑固的”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

法律真正的意義,是要把一個(gè)自由而有理性的人導(dǎo)向正當(dāng)?shù)囊饬x上去,而不是對(duì)此加以限制的。

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therealmeaningoflawisnotthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

B.Thetruenotionoflawisnotsomuchlimitedtothedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

C.Law,initstruemotion,isnotsomuchthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

【答案】B

【解析】本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意義”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；“真正的”這里用true比較好，real常用來指比較抽象的事物，所以選項(xiàng)B更準(zhǔn)確。

6.單選題

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationof

thesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,by1950,attemptstocorrelatementalexperiencewithbrainprocesseswouldprobablyhavebeenviewedwith（）.

2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”inline12primarilyinordertoemphasizethe（）

3.Thedescriptioninlines15-17ofanexperimentinwhichelectricstimuliwereappliedtodifferentsensoryfieldsofthecerebralcortextendstosupportthetheorythat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sopinionofthesuggestionthatdifferentareasofthebraindetermineperceptionsproducedbysensorynerveimpulses?（）

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indignation

B.impatience

C.pessimism

D.indifference

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings

B.similarityofthesensationsthatallhumanbeingsexperience

C.similaritiesintheviewsofscientistswhohavestudiedthehumannervoussystem

D.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesimplepresenceofdifferentcorticalareascannotaccountforthediversityofmentalexperience

B.variationinspatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulsescorrelateswithvariationinsubjectiveexperience

C.nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousandarerelativelyunaffectedastheytravelthroughthenervoussystem

D.thementalexperiencesproducedbysensorynerveimpulsesaredeterminedbythecorticalareaactivate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisaplausibleexplanation,butithasnotbeencompletelyproved.

B.Itisthebestexplanationofbrainprocessescurrentlyavailable.

C.Itisdisprovedbythefactthatthevariousareasofthebrainarephysiologicallyverysimilar.

D.Thereissomeevidencetosupportit,butitfailstoexplainthediversityofmentalexperience.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Nervecells

B.Nerveimpulses

C.Corticalareas

D.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging提到直到1950年，試圖將大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程與心理活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來的努力并不鼓舞人心?？芍遣粯酚^的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.題干中的commoncurrency出現(xiàn)在句子：thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem中，與句子中的homogeneous的意思相似，選項(xiàng)A的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses與nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第15-17行描述的實(shí)驗(yàn)是電刺激作用于有意識(shí)的人體大腦皮層的某一特定感覺區(qū)域?qū)嶒?yàn)，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論來源，itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview，選項(xiàng)D“感覺神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的心理體驗(yàn)是由皮質(zhì)區(qū)域激活”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段第二句話However，subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity提到據(jù)此開發(fā)的記錄和分析神經(jīng)潛力的方法不能反應(yīng)這種多樣性。選項(xiàng)D與其表達(dá)一致，符合題意。

5.文章最后一段“inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetween...couldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.”提到神經(jīng)細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)、皮質(zhì)區(qū)域都可以產(chǎn)生質(zhì)的變化，而神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的空間模式并沒有達(dá)到質(zhì)變。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除；排除”；B選項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸；傳播；發(fā)射；傳達(dá)；遺傳”；C選項(xiàng)replace“取代，代替；替換，更換；歸還，償還；把……放回原處”；D選項(xiàng)isolate“（使）隔離，孤立；將……剔出；（某物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞等）分離；區(qū)別看待（觀點(diǎn)、問題等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定會(huì)在這樣不衛(wèi)生、擁擠的地方傳播。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞propagate“傳播；傳送；繁殖；宣傳”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.填空題

Thefirequicklyspreadthroughthehotel,butfortunatelytherewereonlya

（1）guestsandtheyallmanagedto（2）.

【答案】1.few

2.escape

【解析】1.語義題。afew后面接可數(shù)名詞，表示“少量，幾個(gè)”

2.語義題。句意:他們都成功逃脫了。

9.翻譯題

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你會(huì)選擇哪一種課程：是由世界上最有知識(shí)的導(dǎo)師之一講授，由獲獎(jiǎng)紀(jì)錄片制片人和研究生助教團(tuán)隊(duì)支持的在線課程，還是由一名普通教師親自教授的課程？不同的學(xué)生當(dāng)然會(huì)做出不同的選擇。但我們有充足的理由相信，第一種選擇的經(jīng)驗(yàn)最終會(huì)讓相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生更喜歡它，即使這兩種方式收取的費(fèi)用相同。但由于規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，遠(yuǎn)程選項(xiàng)將享有巨大的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。正如菲利普?庫克在他1995年的著作《贏者通吃的社會(huì)》中所寫的那樣，正是這些條件催生了贏者通吃的市場(chǎng)。隨著科技擴(kuò)大了最有能力的執(zhí)行者的范圍，他們?cè)谠S多領(lǐng)域的全球市場(chǎng)中占據(jù)了越來越大的份額。

10.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱：“在我看來，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)立意識(shí)?！币簿褪钦f，他認(rèn)為日本應(yīng)該引進(jìn)西方文明，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)C明顯錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項(xiàng)D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識(shí)地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會(huì)不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級(jí)之間的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。作者其實(shí)是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

11.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attributed歸因于，歸功于B.conducted實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻(xiàn)身，致力D.contributed貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他對(duì)城市地區(qū)的興趣）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣，空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進(jìn)行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17歲上大學(xué)”可知，因?yàn)樗那嗄陼r(shí)代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市，所以他會(huì)對(duì)城市地區(qū)感興趣，換言之，他對(duì)城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于……”，指認(rèn)為某事物是另一事物的結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)attributed“歸因于，歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)conducted“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”指組織或進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)，不能和“interest（興趣）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)devoted“獻(xiàn)身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時(shí)間、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)contributed“貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)”，contributesth.tosth.指贈(zèng)予錢或物品以幫助某人，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對(duì)城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時(shí)代，他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學(xué)。

12.單選題

MyscheduletovisitAmericaforbusinessandhisplantocometoseeme______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overturned

B.overlapped

C.overlaid

D.crisscrossed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)overturn“推翻，傾覆”，B項(xiàng)overlap“與……重疊，與……互搭”，C項(xiàng)overlaid“覆蓋，放在……上面”，D項(xiàng)crisscross“在……上構(gòu)成十字形圖案，多次往返于”。根據(jù)句子意思“我去美國出差的時(shí)間表和他來看我的計(jì)劃”可知，空格填入overlapped表示“重合”符合語境。句意：我去美國出差的時(shí)間表和他來看我的計(jì)劃重疊了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

實(shí)際上,

事實(shí)上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；選項(xiàng)C缺少連詞，所以本題選項(xiàng)D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大氣也是。

14.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking（）.

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking（）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving（）.

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith（）.

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot（做了相當(dāng)于接聽免提電話的人跟沒有做這個(gè)任務(wù)的人相比，平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間慢了212毫秒）和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking（使用免提工具的那一組在任務(wù)中比那些沒有說話的那一組多出83%的錯(cuò)），可知受干擾的那一組反應(yīng)更慢，錯(cuò)誤更多，故C反應(yīng)更慢，錯(cuò)誤更多正確。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime（他們之后會(huì)被問到關(guān)于這個(gè)故事的問題，但這對(duì)他們的反應(yīng)時(shí)間幾乎沒有影響）和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.（這項(xiàng)由猶他大學(xué)的弗蘭克?德魯斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究表明，乘客的閑聊也是如此。），可知聽故事和聽顧客講話一樣對(duì)司機(jī)幾乎沒有影響，A選項(xiàng)“比聽故事更影響司機(jī)”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)司機(jī)的影響小于聽故事”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第一題，可知電話交談讓司機(jī)反應(yīng)變慢，犯錯(cuò)更多，因此B選項(xiàng)“比電話交談更影響司機(jī)”錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)司機(jī)影響小于電話交談”正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficult（懲罰開車時(shí)手握小工具的行為很難），可知不能嚴(yán)格禁止，C選項(xiàng)“被嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話），可知禁止開車時(shí)使用不可行，B選項(xiàng)“必要且可行”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)機(jī)也許是唯一的解決之道。），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知很多人在開車時(shí)打電話，法律限制不了，只能勸誡，故A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常被打破”正確。D選項(xiàng)“將引起激烈辯論”沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)機(jī)也許是唯一的解決之道。），可知最大希望是D選項(xiàng)“司機(jī)自己”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“汽車制造商”：根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話——尤其是現(xiàn)在越來越多的車輛都配備了必要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。），可知汽車制造商甚至加劇了問題。B選項(xiàng)“立法者”：法律不能發(fā)揮作用。C選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)”：文章沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章通過各種實(shí)驗(yàn)說明不同活動(dòng)對(duì)開車的影響，點(diǎn)出使用手機(jī)打電話影響最大，最后一段說唯一能夠規(guī)避這種情況的就是司機(jī)自己，可知本文目的是D選項(xiàng)“為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“呼吁立法者對(duì)手機(jī)的使用制定嚴(yán)格的法律”不符合文章觀點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)“告訴人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)”沒有特別提出；C選項(xiàng)“權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處”沒有講到好處。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽從我們。

考查短語辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall總共，合計(jì)；forall盡管，雖然；沒有onall的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意“但她不肯聽從我們”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravar