考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)文理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)文理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

在網(wǎng)上購物尚未走俏的時(shí)候，在空調(diào)、個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)、視頻游戲、英特網(wǎng)、手機(jī)、克隆技術(shù)、基因工程，以及其他一堆使這個(gè)人造世界越發(fā)誘人的發(fā)明出現(xiàn)之前，有人就表現(xiàn)出了憂慮。人造世界是為我們而建造的。它用美味佳肴供我們充饑，用精神糧食滋養(yǎng)我們的心靈。它給我們提供庇護(hù)，不受疾患和不適的侵害。它告知天下我們是如何聰穎；它滿足了我們的虛榮，蜷縮在由鋼鐵和混凝土，硅以及塑料構(gòu)筑的泡沫世界里，我們可以假裝在駕馭這個(gè)星球。

與之形成鮮明對(duì)照的是，自然世界的產(chǎn)生不是為了我們的舒適和方便。它在數(shù)十億年前就存在了，而人類的誕生則是在數(shù)十億年之后的事，但自然界的壽命卻要比人類更長久。自然界嘲笑我們的虛榮，因?yàn)樗搅宋覀儗?duì)它的理解和控制。

【答案】【參考譯文】Somepeoplevoicedtheseworriesbeforethetriumphofonlineshoppingandbeforetheadventofair-conditioning,personalcomputers,videogames,theInternet,cellphones,cloningtechnology,geneticengineeringandaslewofotherinventionsthathavemadetheartificialworldevermoreseductive.Theartificialworldismadeforus.Itfeedsourbelliesandmindswithtastypabulum;itsheltersusfromdiscomfortandsickness;itproclaimsouringenuity;itflattersourpride.Snuginsidebubblesfashionedfromconcreteandsteel,fromsiliconandplasticandwords,wecanpretendwearerunningtheplanet.

Bycontrast,thenaturalworldwasnotmadeforourcomfortorconvenience.Itprecedesusbysomebillionsofyears,andhumanbeingcomesintobeingbillionsofyearslater,butthenaturalworldwilloutlastus;itmocksourpride,becauseitsurpassesourunderstandingandcontrol.

2.單選題

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；confine限制，禁閉；restrict限制，約束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、數(shù)量等；limit一般指空間、時(shí)間或數(shù)量的極限；confine側(cè)重于不可逾越的限制，比如束縛、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常與from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很難阻止歌迷們沖上臺(tái)與歌手合影。所以選項(xiàng)B更符合本句語境。

3.單選題

I’msurprisedatthere（）anindex.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nottobe

B.tobenot

C.notbeing

D.beingnot

【答案】C

【解析】這是there?be非限定形式作介詞補(bǔ)足語,通常用?-ing形式。如果是否定形式,那么否定詞not應(yīng)放在非限定形式前面。注意,there?be作介詞for的補(bǔ)足語時(shí),常用there?to?be形式。

4.單選題

Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldierandsomedoexist——isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.

Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayearawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!

Theimportantthingsarenottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarmyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou;youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.

Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.

1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif（）.

2.Areallyfearlesssoldier（）..

3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause（）.

4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand

B.theyhadneverburntthemselves

C.theyhadnosenseofpain

D.theywerefearfulofthefire

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isoflittleusetothearmy

B.iswithoutequal

C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier

D.easilygetskilledinabattle

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse

B.youmaygetcancer

C.fearcanonlybeusedasaservantandguide

D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavegainedexperience

B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime

C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger

D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful

B.Toomuchfearisharmful.

C.Fearoughttobeusedasservantandguide.

D.Fearissomethingunprofitable.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:什么情況下，孩子們會(huì)玩火直到手被燒掉？第一段指出:Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway(如果火在燃燒時(shí)，沒有受傷，小孩子會(huì)玩火，直到手被燒掉)。因此，在“沒有受傷”即“他們沒有疼痛感”的情況下，小孩子會(huì)玩火直到手被燒掉。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:真正無畏的戰(zhàn)士是怎么樣的？根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Areallyfearlesssoldierandsomedoexist——isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy（真正無畏的戰(zhàn)士確實(shí)有些存在——不一定是好戰(zhàn)士，因?yàn)樗芸毂粴⒌簦皇湃サ膽?zhàn)士對(duì)于軍隊(duì)是無濟(jì)于事的）。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上容易被殺”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:為什么恐懼應(yīng)該被恰當(dāng)使用？第二段指出:如果因?yàn)閾?dān)心被車撞倒或撞死而不出門，那么，恐懼就過分統(tǒng)治了你。因?yàn)?，即使在家里，也不絕對(duì)安全，可能飛機(jī)會(huì)撞毀你的房屋，可能你會(huì)得癌癥等。因此D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們被恐懼過分控制了”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:人們有時(shí)會(huì)及時(shí)避開危險(xiǎn)，是因?yàn)槭裁?第三段指出:Fearwillwarmyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake(恐懼會(huì)警告你處于危險(xiǎn)中，然后你得決定采取何種措施)。Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger(有些情況下，你可以采取迅速而且成功的措施以避開危險(xiǎn))。因此“他們被警告處于危險(xiǎn)中，并能采取緊急措施”正確。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:下列哪項(xiàng)是從文中暗示得出而不是直接陳述出來的？A:恐懼總是有幫助的。B:過分的恐懼有害。C:恐懼應(yīng)該被利用為仆人所知道。D:恐懼是無益的。文章提倡要恰當(dāng)使用恐懼，這樣它就會(huì)對(duì)我們有用，但是，不要讓恐懼過分地統(tǒng)治我們。因此，A選項(xiàng)跟D選項(xiàng)過于絕對(duì)。C項(xiàng)已經(jīng)在第三段明確提出。B項(xiàng)可以被推斷出，而且正確。

5.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟(jì)，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會(huì)和平共處地生活在一起，樹立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。答案A

6.單選題

Youcan'tcountonhim;he'sliableto____________outwhenthingsbecomedifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.let

C.take

D.opt

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beout“不在家”；letout“泄露”；takeout“取出”；optout“變卦”。句意：你不能指望他，如果事情變得復(fù)雜，他有可能會(huì)變卦。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheyarepartoftheChristiantradition.

B.TheyaretheoldestbuildingsinEurope.

C.Theyareinworseningcondition.

D.Theyarerenovatedtoattracttourists.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistofseveralstoreys.

B.Theyarewithoutfoundations.

C.Theyare40metrestallonaverage.

D.Theyhaveahistoryof14centuries.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Woodenbuildingskeptthecoldout.

B.Woodwasharmoniouswithnature.

C.TimberwasabundantinScandinavia.

D.TheVikingslikedwoodenstructures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Datingfromasfarbackasthe12thcentury,theyareclaimedtobetheraresthistoricbuildingsinwesternEurope.ThesebuildingsoffervitalinsightsintoScandinavia’sVikingpast.Butnow,[16]withonly30woodenchurchesremainingandtheirconditiondeteriorating,expertsareworkingtopreservethestructuresforfuturegenerations.

Someofthesespectacularchurchesarenomorethansmallbuildings,barelyfourmeterswideandsixmeterstall.Othersaremuchlargerstructures.Theysoarupto40metersintothecoldair.Mostconsistoftimberframesthatrestonstoneblocks.[17]Thismeansthattheyhavenofoundations.Althoughmanyofthechurchesappearfromtheoutsidetobecomplexstructures,theynormallyfeatureonlyasinglestoreybutnumerousdifferentrooflevels.

StafffromtheNorwegiangovernmenthavecarriedoutconservationworkon10ofthechurchesoverthepasttwoyears.Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.Otherchurcheswereconservedinpreviousyears.Sofar,specialistshaveworkedtoaddpreservativematerialstothechurches,exteriors.Theyalsoreplacedrottingrootsandhaltedthesinkingofthechurchesintotheground.

Intwocases,hugemachineshavebeenusedtoliftthebuildingsupto30centimetersintotheair.Thiswasaccomplishedsothattheteamcouldexamineandrepairthechurches,originalmedievalstoneblocks.Theteamplanstoreturntoaroundadozenofthebuildingstoassessprogressandconsiderfurtheraction.

Theearliestfree-standingwoodenchurchwasprobablybuiltinNorwayinaround1080.However,thelargestknownwoodenchurcheswerebuiltfromthe1130sonwards.Thisperiodwasoneofinter-eliterivalryinwhichnoblessoughttoincreasetheirinfluencebyfundingtheconstructionofchurchesandotherbuildings.

[18]ThereasonforconstructingthebuildingsfromwoodisprobablythatideallyproportionedstraightandslendertimberwasavailableinlargequantitiesinScandinavia’svastpineforests.Aswoodwassoplentiful,itwascheapertousethanthestoneusedinthebuildingsofotherEuropeancultures.

Thearea’sship-buildingtradition,partlyestablishedbytheVikings,alsomeantthatsophisticatedcarpentrywasamajoraspectofthelocalculture.Thecomplexstyleofthemedievalwoodenchurchcarvings,andtheskillsusedtomakethem,almostcertainlyderivefromtheancientVikingtradition.

16.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheVikingwoodenchurches?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于維京人木制教堂的信息。錄音開頭提到，現(xiàn)在只剩下30座維京人的木制教堂，而且它們的狀況正在惡化（theirconditiondeteriorating）。C選項(xiàng)是對(duì)錄音原文的同義替換，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們是基督教傳統(tǒng)的一部分”和D選項(xiàng)“為了吸引游客”在錄音中均沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們是歐洲最古老的建筑”，錄音開頭提到，它們被認(rèn)為是西歐最稀有的歷史建筑，并沒有說是最古老的，因此不正確。

17.WhatisspecialaboutmostoftheVikingwoodenchurches?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問維京人的木制教堂有什么特別之處？錄音提到，大多數(shù)教堂由靠在石塊上的木架組成，這意味著它們沒有地基（theyhavenofoundations），這和一般的建筑不同，也就是說，沒有地基就是它們的特別之處，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們由幾層樓組成”，錄音中提到維京人的木制教堂通常只有一層，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“它們平均有40米高”，錄音只是說有些教堂能高聳至40米，并不是說它們平均有40米高，因此C選項(xiàng)也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“它們有14個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史”，錄音提到的是這些教堂大多建于12至14世紀(jì)，D選項(xiàng)與錄音表述不符，因此不正確。

18.WhyweretheVikingchurchesconstructedfromwood?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問為什么維京人的教堂是木制的？錄音后面提到，用木材建造建筑的原因可能是，在斯堪的納維亞廣袤的松林中可以獲得大量筆直細(xì)長的木材，C選項(xiàng)“斯堪的納維亞木材豐富”與此信息為同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“木制建筑可以御寒”；B選項(xiàng)“木材與自然搭配和諧”以及D選項(xiàng)“維京人喜歡木制建筑”均不是用木材建造建筑的原因，因此可排除。

8.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou（

）cold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則，要不然”時(shí)，其后的句子是否用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對(duì)過去的虛擬，故空格處用過去完成時(shí)，因此選A。句意：你沒有多穿衣服，否則就不會(huì)感冒了。

9.單選題

Crushediceisoftenappliedtoinjuries________thereisswelling,toremoveexcessheatgeneratedinthetissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.where

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：碎冰通常用于腫脹的傷口，以清除組織中產(chǎn)生的多余熱量。從句意來看，從句是為了修飾injuries“傷口”這個(gè)名詞，所以后面是定語從句。定語從句中that前面不能接介詞，所以排除A，B；which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞在從句中作主語，賓語或者表語，而從句不缺成分，所以排除D，答案選C。

10.單選題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘Radesky引用“靜態(tài)面部實(shí)驗(yàn)”來證明什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.嬰兒很容易通過看父母的臉來試圖理解他們的世界，如果這些臉是空白的、沒有反應(yīng)的——就像他們沉浸在一個(gè)設(shè)備里時(shí)經(jīng)常做的那樣——這對(duì)孩子來說是非常令人不安的?！妥詈笠痪洹癙arentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都在身邊，但需要有一個(gè)平衡，父母需要對(duì)孩子的情感需求的語言或非語言表達(dá)做出反應(yīng)和敏感。”確定實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明D選項(xiàng)“父母需要回應(yīng)孩子的情感需求”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘特羅尼克提到的壓迫性意識(shí)形態(tài)要求父母干什么？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“壓迫性的意識(shí)形態(tài)”要求父母應(yīng)該始終與孩子互動(dòng)。”確定C選項(xiàng)“確保與孩子不斷的互動(dòng)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘據(jù)特洛尼克說，孩子們使用屏幕可能會(huì)怎樣？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特羅尼克認(rèn)為，孩子沒有從屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)并不意味它沒有價(jià)值，特別是如果父母有時(shí)間洗澡、做家務(wù)或者僅僅是因不用照顧小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他說，父母可以通過使用他們的設(shè)備和朋友交談或做些工作以獲得很多好處。這會(huì)讓他們感到更快樂，這會(huì)讓他們?cè)谄渌臅r(shí)間里更容易接觸到自己的孩子。”可知，孩子使用屏幕可以讓父母有更多時(shí)間去做別的事情，所以A選項(xiàng)“給父母更多自由時(shí)間”正確。

11.單選題

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)takeover“接管；接收”；B選項(xiàng)composeof“由……組成”；C選項(xiàng)slowdown“減速，放慢速度；使……慢下來”；D選項(xiàng)haveanegativeeffect“產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”。句意：不過，一旦衰老對(duì)她的臉和身體造成了影響，就不必為此付出代價(jià)?，F(xiàn)在有很多方法可以幫助女性追求持久的健康和美麗。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞takeatoll“產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響；造成損失；產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的不良影響”，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

Inordertocontrolandreduceenvironmentalpollutioncausedbydiscardedwasteelectronicinformationproducts,saveresourcesandpromotesustainabledevelopmentoftheelectronicinformationindustry,accordingtotheprovisionoftheAdministrationontheControlofPollutionCausedbyElectronicInformationProducts,theelectronicinformationproductssoldinthemarketwithintheterritoryofChinashallsatisfywiththefollowingrequirements:theenvironmentalprotectionmaterials,technologiesandprocessesshallbeintroducedaccordingtotheNationalStandardsorsectoralstandards;thesafe-uselife,namesandcontentsoftoxicandharmfulsubstancescontainedthereinandrecoverymarksshallbeclearlyindicatedontheproducts;non-toxic,harmless，readilydegradableandrecyclablematerialsshallbeusedasthepackagingmaterials，andthematerialsingredientsofthepackagingshallbeclearlymarked.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】為了控制和減少由電子產(chǎn)品廢棄物造成的環(huán)境污染，節(jié)約資源，推動(dòng)電子產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，根據(jù)《電子信息產(chǎn)品污染控制管理辦法》的規(guī)定，在中國市場(chǎng)銷售的電子產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該滿足以下要求：引進(jìn)的環(huán)境保護(hù)材料、技術(shù)和加工方法應(yīng)該按照國家或行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該清晰標(biāo)明產(chǎn)品有毒有害物質(zhì)的安全使用壽命、名稱和內(nèi)容以及回收標(biāo)志；包裝材料應(yīng)使用無毒無害、易于降解和可再生材料，其材料成分也要清楚標(biāo)示。

13.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivewaytothequestion“whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventandthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminationthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

17.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichtraditionalhistorycanbedistinguishedfrompsychohistoryisthattraditionalhistoryusually____________.

19.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

20.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword“deepest”inPara.3inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Historyiscomposedofuniqueandnon-repeatingeventsthatmustbeindividuallyanalyzedonthebasisofpubliclyverifiableevidence

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reliesonasingleinterpretationofhumanbehaviortoexplainhistoricalevents

B.interpretshistoricaleventsinsuchawaythattheirspecificnatureistranscended

C.viewspasteventsascomplexandhavingtheirownindividuality

D.turnstopsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontextstoaccountforevents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

C.Whatsortofhistoricalfigureisbestsuitedforpsychologicalanalysis?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

B.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimfortheirwork

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians’methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.questiontheusefulnessofpsychohistorians’insightsintotraditionalhistoricalscholarship

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段提出“歷史研究在傳統(tǒng)上的特點(diǎn)”；第二段講“現(xiàn)代歷史研究的特點(diǎn)和它與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不同點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致了心理歷史學(xué)的出現(xiàn)，談及心理歷史學(xué)的流行性”；第三段與第四段講“心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn)與相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不足”。因此，總的來說，文章談及“心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行，但是，相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究，心理歷史研究有些不足”因此A選項(xiàng)“雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史研究方式的精確性和嚴(yán)密性，但是心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家可以從研究心理歷史學(xué)的方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)中獲得幫助”，C選項(xiàng)“歷史是由唯一的且不可重復(fù)性的事件構(gòu)成，并且這些事件須在公開可驗(yàn)證的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行單獨(dú)分析”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人的行為和態(tài)度的心理評(píng)估比其日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)涵蓋的信息量更大”均未在文中提及，可排除。故選A。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到最后一段中談及心理歷史學(xué)的不足。Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.（它把決定當(dāng)前情況的決定論強(qiáng)加給過去，這就剝奪了人和事件的獨(dú)特性和復(fù)雜性。）Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.（它不是尊重過去的特殊性，而是把過去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件都吸收到一個(gè)單一的決定論模式中，假設(shè)這個(gè)模式在任意時(shí)間和任意環(huán)境中都是正確的。）由此可以推論出傳統(tǒng)歷史的特點(diǎn)是認(rèn)為過去事件復(fù)雜且有各自個(gè)性。因此C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為過去的事件是復(fù)雜的，有自己的個(gè)性”正確，符合題意。由第一段Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.（按傳統(tǒng)來說，歷史研究的邊界已固定，側(cè)重于時(shí)代，國家，大事件和重要領(lǐng)袖）可知A選項(xiàng)“依賴對(duì)人行為的單一解釋來解釋歷史事件”與原文不符，可排除。定位在第三段Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.（心理歷史學(xué)不從歷史中尋找“事實(shí)”，（比如）對(duì)歷史事件及其影響的詳實(shí)完備的記錄，而來自對(duì)創(chuàng)造歷史的個(gè)體的精神分析，不從他們一生中的具體事件推導(dǎo)觀點(diǎn)，而是來自超越歷史的人性觀。）可知，B選項(xiàng)“以超越歷史事件的特定本質(zhì)的方式來解釋歷史事件”屬于現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn)，可排除。由第三段第一與第二句Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.（心理史學(xué)不只是在歷史背景下使用心理學(xué)解釋。歷史學(xué)家總是在合適的時(shí)候和有足夠證據(jù)的時(shí)候使用這種解釋。）可知D選項(xiàng)“從心理學(xué)角度來解釋歷史背景下的事件”屬于傳統(tǒng)歷史研究和現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的共同特點(diǎn)，并不是傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)所獨(dú)有的，可排除。故選C。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第三段Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理歷史學(xué)）違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開，進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。）可以推論出文章回答了傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么這個(gè)問題，因此D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家所要求的歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“從心理歷史學(xué)的角度對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行解釋的一些典型例子是什么？”B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為對(duì)歷史發(fā)展的心理學(xué)的解釋是合理的？”，C選項(xiàng)“什么類型的歷史人物最適合進(jìn)行心理學(xué)分析？”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故選D。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第三段中心理歷史學(xué)相比傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)的不足如Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理歷史學(xué)）違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開，進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。）以及第三段中Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.（心理歷史學(xué)家們都相信自己觀點(diǎn)的絕對(duì)正確，相信他們的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)任何事件的“最深刻”的解釋而其他人的解釋都不是真相。）可知，作者在這里為deepest加引號(hào)的目的是對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們自己工作準(zhǔn)確性的宣稱不贊成，但是沒有直接提出反對(duì)，只是持有保留態(tài)度。因此B選項(xiàng)“表明她對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們工作的準(zhǔn)確性持保留意見”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家方法中的一個(gè)矛盾引起注意”，C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家的方法與心理歷史學(xué)家的方法的主要區(qū)別”，D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)術(shù)的見解的有效性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

14.單選題

Herushedintothehouseandsavedtheboyout,（）theintensefire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrespectiveof

B.insteadof

C.infrontof

D.incaseof

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。irrespectiveof不顧；insteadof代替；infrontof在…前面；incaseof假如。句意：他不顧大火,

沖進(jìn)屋里把男孩救了出來。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

5.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Herdaughterlikesballgames.

B.Herdaughterisanexcellentgirl.

C.Sheandherdaughteraregoodfriends.

D.Sheandherdaughterwon’tunderstandeachother.

【答案】D

【解析】W:I’vebeensoworriedaboutmydaughter.She’ssodifferentintemperamentfromme.Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling.

M:That’squitecommonwithmothersanddaughters.

W:Sheisafurtherpersonalityandverymuchontheball,butsheisanexcitablechild.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說：Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling，意思是他們經(jīng)常無法達(dá)成一致。

16.單選題

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remnants“殘余；殘留物”；B選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救；解決辦法”；C選項(xiàng)remains“殘余物；剩飯菜”；D選項(xiàng)remainder“殘余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都離開了，……坐著等。remnants一般是指殘余部分、殘跡。remains一般是指古跡，遺跡；遺骸等。句中的主語是人，大部分都走了，還有一部分剩下的人坐著等。remainder做名詞時(shí)側(cè)重于人和錢的剩余。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

（

）,theywouldbehappy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iftheywillgetmarried

B.Havetheygotmarried

C.Weretheytogetmarried

D.Theygetmarried

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的倒裝。句意：（），他們將會(huì)開心。選D選項(xiàng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)句子中間沒有連詞連接造成語法錯(cuò)誤。選A選項(xiàng)就是看作if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，但是兩邊句子的時(shí)態(tài)不一致，所以也不選。虛擬條件句中含有were，had，would等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將if省略，然后將were，had，would等詞移至句首。根據(jù)后面主句的時(shí)態(tài)，這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或者將來的假設(shè)，所以B選項(xiàng)不選，這是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)；所以答案選C。

18.填空題

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisonepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.Markouttheerroneouspartandthenputthecorrectforminthebracketsfollowingthesentence.

36.Basingontheresearchoftheforeignlanguage,thispaperconcludesthewaystolearnEnglishwell.（）

37.Nations,sensingathreat