考研考博-英語-亳州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-亳州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Lookingahead,hedecidedto（）hispresentjob.

問題1選項

A.stickto

B.stickup

C.stickwith

D.stickdown

【答案】A

【解析】句意:考慮得長遠些，他決定堅持做目前的工作。

考查短語辨析。stickto堅持;stickup豎起;stickwith繼續(xù)做…；stickdown把…寫下來，放下。因此A項符合句意。

2.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

問題1選項

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。harbor“庇護；懷有”；A選項shiver“顫抖；打碎”；B選項shovel“鏟除；用鏟挖”；C選項shelter“保護；使掩蔽；庇護”；D選項shuttle“使穿梭般來回移動；短程穿梭般運送”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人，否則他們可能會被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”，可推知harbored在這里有“庇護”的意思，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.

問題1選項

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。inform“通知，告訴”；appease“安撫，緩和，對...讓步”；provoke“激怒，使惱怒，煽動”；deceive“欺騙”；根據(jù)句意‘有關(guān)傾倒在小區(qū)的有毒廢物的駭人真相（

）了很多社區(qū)成員。’確定C選項正確。

4.不定項選擇題

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

問題1選項

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

問題2選項

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

問題3選項

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

問題4選項

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

問題5選項

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個選項可以描述一個好的動物園的環(huán)境。A選項“寬敞、文明”；B選項“寬敞、自然”；C選項“陰涼、多石”；D選項“富有啟迪性以及安全的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小籠子讓位給寬敞的圍欄，里面的植物、巖石、樹木和水模擬了動物的自然環(huán)境）從這句可以看出答案選B；A選項文章沒有提及，所以不選；C選項定位到第二段第二句話，雖然有提到樹蔭和石頭但是不是本句重點也不能全部概括當代動物園的特點，這里屬于以偏概全，所以不選；D選項定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項。），沒有講到當代動物園的特點，這里屬于出處錯誤，所以D選項不能選。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：現(xiàn)代動物園扮演什么重要的角色。A選項“娛樂和教育游客”；B選項“教育和保護人們”；C選項“教育人們，保護動物物種免于滅絕”；D選項“飼養(yǎng)動物，并把它們借給他人”。第二段第一句話PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項）由此可知B選項錯誤，是保護動物而不是保護人類；C選項正確；A選項定位到第一段最后一句話Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顧動物和吸引、娛樂游客一樣重要），這里講的是動物園想要達到的目的，而不是動物園在公眾面前所起到的作用，屬于出處錯誤，所以A選項不選；D選項定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（雖然動物園仍然偶爾從世界各地進口野生動物放在籠子里，但他們正在越來越多地尋找其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物的來源，以獲得更多的動物。），這里不能回答題干所問的問題屬于出處錯誤。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干：從動物園支持者的觀點中，很少有人知道什么？A選項“為了拯救野生動物，文明應(yīng)該被拋棄”；B選項“動物園正威脅著動物的滅絕”；C選項“雖然動物園曾經(jīng)為拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物作出了貢獻，但現(xiàn)在它們不保護瀕危物種”；D選項“當一些人通過狩獵威脅野生動物時，動物園正在保護它們免于滅絕的危險”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（動物園的支持者認為，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毀野生動物僅存的自然棲息地），由這里可知支持者認為因為文明的入侵導(dǎo)致野生動物的棲息地減少從而威脅野生動物的生存，所以暗含著保護野生動物就應(yīng)該拋棄文明的意味，所以答案選A。

B選項定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（盡管動物園曾經(jīng)不斷地在籠子里放養(yǎng)被捕獲的動物，造成了野生動物面臨滅絕的威脅，但它們現(xiàn)在重新定義了自己作為瀕危物種保護者的角色），從這里可知B選項錯誤。

C選項錯誤，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是保護者的角色就不會威脅動物的生存，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些國家，對毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕獵十分盛行，這使動物進一步處于危險之中），從這里可知不是偷獵導(dǎo)致動物瀕危，而是偷獵進一步導(dǎo)致動物數(shù)量減少，所以不選。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第四段第一句話theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他們正在越來越多地關(guān)注其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物，以獲得更多的動物），所以選A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”；

B選項“把動物放進更大的籠子里”，根據(jù)46題雖然有提到給動物提供更大的空間但是這不能讓動物數(shù)量增加，這里屬于反向干擾，所以B選項錯誤；

C選項“從野生保護區(qū)獵捕動物”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項“在將動物送回大自然之前給它們喂食”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

題干：根據(jù)文章，什么對動物物種的繁殖有很大的幫助？A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，動物園提供從牙科到足療的一切服務(wù)，以保持動物的最佳狀態(tài)），這里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案選A；

B選項shape不是體態(tài)的意思，所以B選項錯誤；

C、D屬于出處錯誤，文中有提到籠子和生活環(huán)境這些不是動物園做動物身體護理的目的。

5.單選題

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

問題1選項

A.Itsdefensivebehavior

B.Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

C.Itsnestinghabits

D.Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

問題2選項

A.distance

B.transition

C.protection

D.reminder

問題3選項

A.Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

B.Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

C.Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

D.Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

問題4選項

A.demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

B.provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

C.showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

D.illustratekittiwakes’lackofconcernfortheirchick

問題5選項

A.Bonaparte’sgulls

B.Atlanticpuffins

C.Kittiwakegulls

D.Northerngannets

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段主要講不同于其它海鷗，三趾鷗習(xí)慣在峭壁上筑巢；第二段講三趾鷗在峭壁上筑巢的優(yōu)勢；最后一段講了三趾鷗如何適應(yīng)在峭壁上筑巢。由此可知，本文敘述的主要內(nèi)容是三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

詞匯題。

2.由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealegg可知，三趾鷗在在懸崖上筑巢的一大好處就是更安全，可以躲避無法攀登峭壁的狐貍和那些難以在陡峭巖石上立足的烏鴉和其他鷗類，防止鳥卵被偷走。因此，本題的正確答案為C項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.可知，烏鴉無法偷走三趾鷗鳥卵的原因是它們難以在三趾鷗的巢邊落腳。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous可知，三趾鷗會在巢邊排便，以保持巢內(nèi)干凈，但這種做法以及它們傾向于在鳥窩里亂丟蛋殼的行為，使得它們巢的位置非常顯眼。這里的描述是為和大多數(shù)海鷗作對比，說明三趾鷗也不會試著去隱藏它們的巢（Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest）。根據(jù)上下文可知三趾鷗之所以這樣做是因為它們在峭壁上筑巢比在地面上筑巢更有優(yōu)勢，無需在意捕獵者，因此本題正確答案為A項。

5.推理判斷題。原文第二段中指出，三趾鷗對捕食者的反應(yīng)不像在地面筑巢的海鷗那么強烈。接著舉出了Bonaparte’sgulls的例子，說明Bonaparte’sgulls和三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣不同。大多數(shù)的海鷗在平地上筑巢，所以它們在雛鳥出生后會把蛋殼拿走，盡量不暴露鳥巢的位置。因此，可推測Bonaparte’sgulls也是這樣的習(xí)慣，所以才會暴露自己的位置。由此可知，本題正確答案為A項。

6.單選題

Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.

17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?

18.Whatdosethespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention?

19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel（）.

20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor?

問題1選項

A.Confidence.

B.Preparation.

C.Informativeness.

D.Organization.

問題2選項

A.Gatherabundantdata.

B.Organizetheideaslogically.

C.Developagreatopening.

D.Selectappropriatematerial.

問題3選項

A.uneasy

B.uncertain

C.frustrated

D.depressed

問題4選項

A.Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.

B.Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimage.

C.Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.

D.Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

7.單選題

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

問題1選項

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”；heir“繼承人，后嗣”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)，繼承權(quán)”；supplement“補充，補充物，附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個聲稱關(guān)于個人差異。由于（

）、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用，我們中沒有兩個人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?！_定A選項heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”的正確。

8.單選題

Manyoftheconditionsthat______populationpressures—overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hungerandillness—leadtodissatisfaction.

問題1選項

A.bringforward

B.giveriseto

C.feedupwith

D.resultfrom

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。bringforward“提出，提前”；giveriseto“引起”；feedupwith“對……厭煩”；resultfrom“起因于”。句意：許多由于人口壓力導(dǎo)致的條件，過度擁擠、失業(yè)、貧困、饑餓和疾病，導(dǎo)致了不滿。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Look,（）inhisusualT-shirt.

問題1選項

A.heredoesHenrycome

B.herecomesHenry

C.hereHenrycomes

D.comeshereHenry

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。表示地點、時間和方向的副詞放在句首時，句子使用完全倒裝，句意：看！羅賓來了，穿著往常的T恤衫。所以本題B選項正確。

10.單選題

Hehasawonderfulbrain,despotic,violent,andinexhaustible,meantforasoldier,bywhatchanceconvertedtoletters,（）thereisnotastylenoratintnotknowntohim,yetwithanEnglishappetiteforactionandheroes.

問題1選項

A.X

B.inwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知考查非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省，選項A可排除。又因為先行詞為letters，固定短語inletters“在信件中”，選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Evensensiblemendo（）thingssometimes.

問題1選項

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.acute

D.apt

【答案】B

【解析】abrupt生硬的，唐突的；absurd荒謬的，可笑的；acute嚴重的，激烈的；apt恰當?shù)?，靈敏的。句意：即使明智的人有時也會做荒唐的事。選項B符合語境。

12.單選題

Peoplewholack（）corevaluesrelyonsuchexternalfactorsastheirlooksorstatusinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

問題1選項

A.genuine

B.horizontal

C.naval

D.pessimistic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。genuine“真實的，真正的”；horizontal“水平的，地平線的”；naval“海軍的，軍艦的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”。句意：缺乏（）核心價值觀的人依賴一些外部因素，比如相貌或地位來使自己感覺良好。能修飾corevalues的只有A項。

13.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

問題1選項

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項assign表示“分配；指派”，B選項tackle表示“應(yīng)付，著手處理”，C選項realize表示“意識到”，D選項solve表示“解決（問題、難題等）”。由句意可知，計算機可以編程，解決各種各樣的任務(wù)。因此，只有B選項可以搭配賓語task，故本題正確答案為B選項。

14.單選題

Inthepastdecade,alotofcaloricpowerstationshavebeenbuilt,usingcoalasfuel.

問題1選項

A.hydraulic

B.wind

C.solar

D.thermal

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.hydraulic（通過水管等）液壓的；水力的

B.wind風(fēng)

C.solar太陽的D.thermal熱量的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息usingcoalasfuel（以煤為燃料）可知，caloricpowerstations指的是熱電站，caloric是“熱量的”的意思，D項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】在過去的十年里，人們建造了許多以煤為燃料的熱電站。

15.單選題

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas（

）.

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

問題2選項

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

問題3選項

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

問題4選項

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

問題5選項

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題?！癐nfact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事實上，職業(yè)之間的工資差距是常態(tài)，而不是例外”與D項“舉例說明某些職業(yè)的薪水如何比其他職業(yè)高，而不考慮其內(nèi)在價值或所需的才能。”相符。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到最后一段開頭“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧視女性的雇主可能會拒絕為薪酬相對較高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根據(jù)這一解釋，婦女選擇減少對發(fā)展其職業(yè)潛力的投資，減少在家庭以外的努力，就必須付出工資較低的代價。但是婦女不能被認為是歧視的受害者，因為她們更喜歡低收入的職業(yè)而不是高收入的職業(yè)?！笨芍狣項“女人選擇一份薪水低的工作，這樣她就能有更多的時間來陪伴家人?！笔亲栽傅男袨?。

3.推理判斷題?！癷fsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果這種歧視真的發(fā)生了，那么女性之間的競爭會擴大，這樣以女性為主的公司就會有工資方面的問題?！庇扇目芍詣e差異導(dǎo)致工資差異不斷擴大，女性和男女經(jīng)濟平等是越來越不可能的事情。A項“工資差距將變得越來越大，男女經(jīng)濟平等的可能性越來越小?！狈项}意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，都是不同的人對性別差異這個問題在進行探討“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者對該問題的態(tài)度并沒有清晰地表現(xiàn)出來。

5.主旨大意題。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根據(jù)這一解釋，婦女選擇減少對發(fā)展其職業(yè)潛力的投資，減少在家庭以外的努力，就必須付出工資較低的代價。但是婦女不能被認為是歧視的受害者，因為她們更喜歡低收入的職業(yè)而不是高收入的職業(yè)?！笨芍疚闹饕菄@女性對于低收入的問題探討，女性自愿選擇低收入工作，是因為要教育小孩和做家務(wù)活。B項“從事低收入職業(yè)的女性：她們有選擇的余地嗎?”符合題意。

16.單選題

Thetree,thebranches____arealmostbare,isaveryoldone.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.inwhich

C.forwhich

D.withwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ofwhich屬于什么的B.inwhich在什么里

C.forwhich為了什么的D.withwhich用什么

【答案】A

【考查點】從句的關(guān)系詞

【解題思路】首先，從句的句意為“枝干幾乎光禿禿的”，主句的句意為“這棵樹是一棵很老的樹”，主句部分句意完整，從句只是起補充信息的作用，并且從句前有逗號，因此，該從句為非限制性定語從句；其次，thebranches與thetree之間為所屬關(guān)系，即枝干是屬于樹的一部分，應(yīng)該使用表示所屬關(guān)系的介詞of。因此，A選項ofwhich滿足要求。

【干擾項排除】

B選項inwhich，in表示位置；

C選項forwhich，for表示目的；

D選項withwhich，with表示方式或伴隨。

【句意】枝干幾乎已經(jīng)禿了的那棵樹，是一棵很老的樹。

17.單選題

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

問題1選項

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】E

18.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcitesarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated，substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

36.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

38.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

39.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

40.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowimprove