考研考博-英語(yǔ)-九江職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-九江職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifacompanyisalreadyeffectively（

）itscompetitorsbecauseitprovidesservicethatavoidsadamagingreputationandkeepscustomers（

）leavingatanunacceptablerate,theninvestmentinhigherservicelevelsmaybewasted,sinceserviceisadecidingfactorforcustomersonlyinextremesituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inparwith...from

B.inaparwith...in

C.onparwith...outof

D.onaparwith...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。第一空的固定搭配是onaparwith“與……同等；和……一樣”；第二個(gè)空格處的搭配是“keepsb.fromdoingsth.”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職，他期待一個(gè)新的主要集中于國(guó)內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此后半句為主句,而且主語(yǔ)為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。故選D。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AtimelystudyinthejournalHumanFactorssuggestswhytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger.Ergonomics（人類工程學(xué)）researchersattheUniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting.ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,“driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.”Buttextingrequiresdriverstoswitchtheirattentionfromonetasktotheother.Whensuchattention-switchingoccursasdriverscompose,read,orreceiveatext,theiroverallreactiontimesaresubstantiallyslowerthanwhenthey’reengagedinaphoneconversation.Thetypeoftextingactivityalsoappearstomakeadifference;inthisstudy,readingmessagesaffectedbrakingtimesmorethandidcomposingthem.

Thehazardsoftextingwhiledrivingcontinuetoreceivebroadnationalandinternationalattentionasaccidentratesattributedtothispracticeincrease.Asaresult,agrowingnumberofU.S.citiesandstates,aswellasCanadianprovinces,bantextingwhileoperatingavehicle.Drewsetal,notedthataccordingtoCTIA,morethan1trilliontextmessagesweresentin2008intheUnitedStatesalone.Tofindwhyandhowmuchdriversareimpairedduringtexting,theresearchersengaged20menand20womenbetweentheagesof19and23inbothasingletask(straightdriving)andadualtask(drivingandtexting)inahigh-fidelitysimulator.Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions.

Thecrashriskattributabletotextingissubstantial.Onepossibleexplanationisthatdriverswhotexttendtodecreasetheirminimumfollowingdistanceandalsoexperiencedelayedreactiontime.Forexample,intheDrewsetal.study,drivers’medianreactiontimeincreasedby30%whentheyweretextingand9%whentheytalkedonthephone,comparedwiththeirperformanceinadriving-onlycondition.

Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Atexterwhiledrivingintendsto（）.

3.Whytextingwhiledrivingismoredangerousthanconversingonacell-phone?

4.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Comparedwithtalkingonacell-phone,itismoredangeroustotalkwithanotherpassenger.

B.Whiledriving,textingisriskierthantalkingonacell-phone.

C.Moreaccidentshappenedduetotextingwhiledriving.

D.Whiledriving,peopletendtoreactmoreslowlywhentheyaretexting.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beabletopayenoughattentiontocarscomingfrombothsidesofhis/hercar

B.keepproperdistancewiththecarinfrontofhis/hers

C.besteadyindrivingalongtheproperlane

D.belessconsciousofthebrakelightsoncarinfrontofhim/hers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetextingmaytendtoslowdownthedriver’sreaction.

B.Becausereadingmessagesaffectedbrakingtime.

C.Becauseattention-switchingfortextingisriskierthanisattention-dividingforconversing.

D.Becausecomposingamessagewhiledrivingmaybemorerisky.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.torepairtheroad

B.keepingtheroadingoodcondition

C.tosticktotheroad

D.drivingsteadilyalongthesamedrivinglane

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Manycarscrashedduetotheuseofacell-phonewhiledriving.

B.Relativelawsshouldbemade.

C.Textingisasdangerousasistalkingonacell-phone.

D.Textingmayleadtosafetyproblems.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段的第一句話“…whytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger”（為什么開車時(shí)發(fā)短信比打電話或與其他乘客通話更危險(xiǎn)）可知，本文是將發(fā)短信與其他兩者之間進(jìn)行相比，而不是將“與用手機(jī)交談相比，與其他乘客交談更危險(xiǎn)”這兩者之間相比，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“開車時(shí)發(fā)短信比打電話更危險(xiǎn)”、C選項(xiàng)“更多的事故是由開車時(shí)發(fā)短信造成的”、D選項(xiàng)“開車時(shí)，人們?cè)诎l(fā)短信時(shí)反應(yīng)往往更慢”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中都有提及，所以說(shuō)法是正確的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段的第二句話“…UniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting”（猶他大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，與邊開車邊打電話或開車時(shí)不發(fā)短信的司機(jī)相比，在駕駛模擬器中發(fā)短信的人發(fā)生的車禍更多，對(duì)前面汽車的剎車燈反應(yīng)更慢，在前進(jìn)和橫向控制方面表現(xiàn)出更大的障礙）可知他們不太在意他/她前面車上的剎車燈。A選項(xiàng)“能夠?qū)乃?她的車的兩邊來(lái)的車給予足夠的注意”、B選項(xiàng)“與他/她前面的車保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x”、C選項(xiàng)“在正確的車道上開車要穩(wěn)”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容沒有原文依據(jù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段的第三、四句話“ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,‘driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.’”（研究人員FrankDrew及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)短信的司機(jī)和打電話的司機(jī)注意力模式不同。研究人員說(shuō)，在后一種情況下，“司機(jī)顯然試圖將注意力分散在打電話和開車之間，根據(jù)任務(wù)需求調(diào)整這兩種活動(dòng)的處理優(yōu)先級(jí)”）可知因?yàn)樵诎l(fā)短信時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移注意力比在交談時(shí)分散注意力風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榘l(fā)短信可能會(huì)減慢司機(jī)的反應(yīng)速度”、B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樽x取信息會(huì)影響制動(dòng)時(shí)間”、D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫呴_車邊寫信息可能更危險(xiǎn)”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容說(shuō)法也都是開車時(shí)發(fā)短信的危害，但是不夠全面。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干定位到第二段最后一句話“Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions”（參與者是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的短信用戶，平均有4.75年的駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們接收和發(fā)送信息，同時(shí)研究人員觀察他們的剎車開始時(shí)間、跟車距離、沿路行使和碰撞情況）可知lanemaintenance為不變地沿著同樣的駕駛道路駕駛。A選項(xiàng)“修護(hù)道路”、B選項(xiàng)“保持道路狀況良好”、C選項(xiàng)“不偏離道路”語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到最后一段“Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous”（盡管開車時(shí)發(fā)短信存在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但德魯和他在猶他大學(xué)的同事之前的研究——更不用說(shuō)撞車數(shù)據(jù)和廣泛的立法——明確表明開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)是危險(xiǎn)的）可知駕駛時(shí)發(fā)短信會(huì)導(dǎo)致安全問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“許多汽車因開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)而發(fā)生撞車事故”、B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)的法律”沒有原文依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)短信和打電話一樣危險(xiǎn)”錯(cuò)誤，這兩者之間本文沒有明確表述。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theygainedgreatinfluenceby（）themselvestoprominentcityinstitutions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detaching

B.assigning

C.dispatching

D.attaching

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。detach通常與from搭配，意為從……分離，拆卸；assignto指定到，分配給；dispatchto調(diào)度，派遣；attachto依附，附屬。句意：他們通過(guò)依附于著名的城市機(jī)構(gòu)獲得了巨大的影響力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。triviality“淺薄，輕浮，瑣事”；bias“偏見，偏愛”；constraint“約束，局促”；paradox“悖論，反論，似非而是的論點(diǎn)，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：電影的歷史反映了這種媒體本身具備的矛盾：電影將靜止的照片結(jié)合在一起區(qū)別表現(xiàn)連續(xù)的動(dòng)作，而當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)生活時(shí)，也經(jīng)常提供一些不可能的和不真實(shí)的東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Youaren'tgoingtothelibrary,areyou?（）,I’mnotgoingtothelibrary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Yes

B.No

C.OK

D.Allright

【答案】B

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句的回答根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作答，空格后為否定的情況，故用No.B項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshavefiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeasfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Buifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhints,fromthetwistandturnofthefistsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofhumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

Letmecometothepointboldly;whatgovernstheEnglishmanishisinneratmosphere,theweatherinhissoul.Itisnothingspiritualormysterious.When,inhisgardenorbyhisfire，hesprawlsinanaggressivelycomfortablechair;whenheischoosinghisclothesorhisprofession—neverisitaprecisereason,orpurpose,orouterfactthatdetermineshim;itisalwaystheatmosphereofhisinnerman.

【答案】既然書有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說(shuō)起來(lái)很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說(shuō)必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來(lái)，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來(lái)要明確得多的東西。

讓我直接切入正題：支配英國(guó)人的是他內(nèi)心的情調(diào)，靈魂深處的氣象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花園中或者壁爐旁，他會(huì)伸展四肢躺在一張舒服的椅子上；當(dāng)挑選衣服或者職業(yè)時(shí)，并不是有明確的理由、目的，或者外部條件來(lái)制約他的決定，僅僅取決于他內(nèi)在的情調(diào)。

8.單選題

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmony“融洽；和諧；和聲”；B選項(xiàng)turmoil“混亂，騷亂”；C選項(xiàng)distortion“曲解；變形，失真”；D選項(xiàng)accord“協(xié)議”。句意：這個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入_______，一些物理學(xué)家堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)有的理論，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理論。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，大家的觀點(diǎn)不一致，turmoil“混亂，騷亂”比較能夠形容這個(gè)情況，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreaterstamina,andmanypeopleonvegetariandietslivelonglives.

Somepeopledonoteatmeatforeconomicreasons;meatisexpensiveand,inmanypartsoftheworld,veryscarce.Themostcommonreasonforchoosingavegetariandiet,though,istheethicalone.Whydohumansfeelthattheymustkillotherbeingsinordertoeatwell?Mostvegetariansadmitthattheyfindeatingthefleshofdeadanimalsrevolting.Infact,theyreferto“flesh-eaters”aswemightrefertocannibalsandalsousethezoolabel“carnivore”interchangeably.

Becausechoiceofdietisaculturalandethicalmatter,notallvegetariandietsarealike.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetables,butwillallowthemselveseggs.Thelactovegetarianeatsvegetablesmainly,butaddsdairyfoodssuchasmilkandcheese.Thesetwocategoriesofvegetariansfeelthateggsanddairyproductsarepermissible;takingtheseproductsdoesnoharmtothecoworchicken.StrictvegetarianwaysarerepresentedbytheVeganSociety,whosememberspreferthelabel“vegan.”Veganslive“ontheproductsoftheplantkingdom.”Notonlydovegansavoidmeat;theyalsoavoideggs,honey,andmilkinanyform.Theyreasonthatitisascrueltorobanimalsasitistokillanimals.

Avegetarianmustbecarefultomaintainabalanceddiet;andofcourseacarnivore—oromnivore,really,becausemostpeopleinAmericaeatbothmeatandvegetables—mustbeequallycareful.Excellentnutritionisimportant,whetherforvegetariansortherestofus(manypeoplewhoeatmeatassumetheirdietisnutritionalforthatreasonalone).Noonehaseverbeenabletoprovedefinitelythatonedietismorebeneficialthantheother.

Themostcompellingargumentinfavorofvegetarianism,however,isvegetarianism’sefficiency.TheperiodicalScientificAmericanestimatedin1976thatthereareenoughplantstosupportseveraltimesthecurrentworldpopulation;butifthoseplantsarefirstfedtoananimaltofattenitforslaughter,thereisan80percentlossinefficiencybythetimeahumaneatsapoundofmeat.Everyhumanconsumes260poundsoffoodannuallytoavoidstarvation,andthereareadequatefoodcropsavailabletoprovidethat260poundsforeveryoneofus.Thequestionis:Doweeattheplants,ordoweeattheanimaltowhichwefeedthem?Anddoweletsomeoneelsegohungry?

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“faddists”means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussvegetarianismasafad

B.discusstheethicalreasonsforbecomingavegetarian

C.discussthedisadvantagesofeatingmeat

D.discusstheprevalenceandadvantagesofvegetarianism

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Worldwidemeat-eatersareintheminority.

B.Thereissomeevidencethatvegetarianshavegreaterstaminathancarnivores.

C.Allvegetariandietsareessentiallyalike.

D.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetablesandeggs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.vegetarianismcouldhelpeasetheworldfoodshortage

B.lactovegetarianseatonlyvegetables

C.vegetariansarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat

D.mostpeopledon’teatmeatforeconomicreasons

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onlypoorpeoplebecomevegetarians

B.mostreligionsadvocatevegetarianism

C.whetherornotvegetarianismisbetterforthebodyisstilldebatable

D.vegetablesaren’tasnutritiousasmeat

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opponents

B.peopleattractedtowhatiscurrentlyfashionable

C.fanatics

D.“healthnuts”

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.1.這篇文章的目的是______。

A.discussvegetarianismasafadA.討論素食主義是一種時(shí)尚

B.discusstheethicalreasonsforbecomingavegetarianB.討論成為素食者的道德原因

C.discussthedisadvantagesofeatingmeatC.討論吃肉的缺點(diǎn)

D.discusstheprevalenceandadvantagesofvegetarianismD.討論素食主義的流行和優(yōu)勢(shì)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)首段第二句“事實(shí)上，在這個(gè)國(guó)家，飲食中含有肉類的人占大多數(shù)；但在全世界，吃肉的人一直都是少數(shù)”，以及末段第一句“然而，支持素食主義最令人信服的理由是素食主義的效率”可知，這篇文章的主題是素食主義；然后看到文章的內(nèi)容，原文主要介紹的是素食主義流行起來(lái)的原因：宗教信仰仍然是選擇素食的一個(gè)主要原因，有的人認(rèn)為素食更健康，素食者也有更強(qiáng)的耐力，有些人出于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因不吃肉，但更常見的原因是道德方面的原因；由此可見，這篇文章的目的是討論選擇素食流行起來(lái)的原因和它的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)“討論素食主義的流行和優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“討論素食主義是一種時(shí)尚”、B項(xiàng)“討論成為素食者的道德原因”和C項(xiàng)“討論吃肉的缺點(diǎn)”只是提及一部分，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?2.根據(jù)短文，下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？

A.Worldwidemeat-eatersareintheminority.A.在世界范圍內(nèi)，肉食者是少數(shù)。

B.Thereissomeevidencethatvegetarianshavegreaterstaminathancarnivores.B.有證據(jù)表明素食者的耐力比食肉動(dòng)物強(qiáng)。

C.Allvegetariandietsareessentiallyalike.C.所有的素食飲食基本上都是一樣的。

D.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetablesandeggs.D.蛋素食者吃蔬菜和雞蛋。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段第一句“因?yàn)轱嬍车倪x擇是一個(gè)文化和倫理問(wèn)題，并不是所有的素食飲食都是一樣的”可知，C項(xiàng)“所有的素食飲食基本上都是一樣的”表述與原文相反，但符合題干要求，因此該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在世界范圍內(nèi)，肉食者是少數(shù)”，定位第一段第二句“但在全世界，吃肉的人一直都是少數(shù)”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“有證據(jù)表明素食者的耐力比食肉動(dòng)物強(qiáng)”，定位第三段第三句“有證據(jù)表明，素食者的耐力更強(qiáng)，而且許多吃素的人壽命更長(zhǎng)”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“蛋素食者吃蔬菜和雞蛋”，定位第五段第二句“蛋素食者吃蔬菜，但會(huì)讓自己吃雞蛋”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.3.從這篇文章我們可以推斷______。

A.vegetarianismcouldhelpeasetheworldfoodshortageA.素食主義可以幫助緩解世界糧食短缺

B.lactovegetarianseatonlyvegetablesB.乳素食者只吃蔬菜

C.vegetariansarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeatC.素食者比吃肉的人更健康

D.mostpeopledon’teatmeatforeconomicreasonsD.大多數(shù)人出于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因不吃肉

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一段第二和第三句“《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》在1976年估計(jì)，地球上有足夠的植物養(yǎng)活數(shù)倍于目前世界人口；但是，如果首先把這些植物喂給動(dòng)物，使其肥壯以便屠宰，那么當(dāng)一個(gè)人吃下一磅肉時(shí)，效率就會(huì)損失80%。為了避免饑餓，每個(gè)人每年要消耗260磅的食物，而有足夠的糧食作物供應(yīng)我們每個(gè)人260磅的食物?！笨芍?，當(dāng)一個(gè)人吃下一磅肉時(shí)，農(nóng)作物利用的效率就會(huì)降低80%，為了避免饑餓，每人每年消耗食物260磅，農(nóng)作物利用的效率大大降低，而多吃素食少吃肉可以有效的利用農(nóng)作物，留下更多的糧食作物供應(yīng)人們的需求，所以推斷素食主義有利于緩解世界糧食短缺問(wèn)題。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)“素食主義可以幫助緩解世界糧食短缺”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“乳素食者只吃蔬菜”定位至第五段第三句“乳素食者主要吃蔬菜，但也加入牛奶和奶酪等乳制品”可知，該項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“素食者比吃肉的人更健康”，根據(jù)第三段前兩句“其他素食者認(rèn)為他們比吃肉的人更健康。雖然這一點(diǎn)從未被科學(xué)證實(shí)過(guò)，但關(guān)于素食的流行著作往往承諾更健康。”可知，科學(xué)從來(lái)沒有證實(shí)素食者比吃肉的人更健康，所以該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人出于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因不吃肉”，根據(jù)第四段前兩句“有些人出于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因不吃肉；肉很貴，而且在世界上許多地方非常稀缺。然而，選擇素食最常見的原因是道德原因?！笨芍鲇诮?jīng)濟(jì)原因不吃肉只是一些人，常見的原因還是因?yàn)榈赖拢栽擁?xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.4.這篇文章表明______。

A.onlypoorpeoplebecomevegetariansA.只有窮人才會(huì)成為素食者

B.mostreligionsadvocatevegetarianismB.大多數(shù)宗教提倡素食主義

C.whetherornotvegetarianismisbetterforthebodyisstilldebatableC.素食主義是否對(duì)身體有益仍有爭(zhēng)議

D.vegetablesaren’tasnutritiousasmeatD.蔬菜不如肉有營(yíng)養(yǎng)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段前兩句“其他素食者認(rèn)為他們比吃肉的人更健康。雖然這一點(diǎn)從未被科學(xué)證實(shí)過(guò)，但關(guān)于素食的流行著作往往承諾更健康?！笨芍?，該段講到其他素食者認(rèn)為他們比吃肉的人更健康。但這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并未有科學(xué)依據(jù)，因此素食主義對(duì)身體是否有益還值得討論。所以，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“素食主義是否對(duì)身體有益仍有爭(zhēng)議”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“只有窮人才會(huì)成為素食者”，雖然在原文第一段講到，大多數(shù)國(guó)家的窮人都是素食者，但并不表示只有窮人才是素食者，而且在第四段第二句也提到“選擇素食最常見的原因是道德原因”，所以該項(xiàng)表述太絕對(duì)，屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)宗教提倡素食主義”，根據(jù)第二段第一句“事實(shí)上，宗教仍然是選擇素食的主要原因；許多宗教教導(dǎo)說(shuō)吃肉會(huì)削弱人的精神”可知，宗教信仰仍然是選擇素食的一個(gè)主要原因，但原文并未說(shuō)明大多數(shù)宗教都是提倡素食主義，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“蔬菜不如肉有營(yíng)養(yǎng)”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“沒有人能夠確切地證明一種飲食比另一種更有益”可知，蔬菜和肉類的營(yíng)養(yǎng)在文中并沒有得出確切的結(jié)果，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“faddists”means______.5.在這篇文章中，faddists這個(gè)詞的意思是______。

A.opponentsA.對(duì)手

B.peopleattractedtowhatiscurrentlyfashionableB.被當(dāng)下的時(shí)尚所吸引的人

C.fanaticsC.狂熱者

D.“healthnuts”D.注重養(yǎng)生的人

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞faddists定位至原文首句“大多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為素食者是少數(shù)（asaminority），是食物的faddists”可知，美國(guó)人認(rèn)為素食者是少數(shù)，也就是說(shuō)素食主義是一種新鮮的事物，那么可以推測(cè)faddists是指對(duì)新鮮事物的一種愛好；且faddists的詞根是fad，表示“時(shí)尚”，綜合理解可推斷，faddists表示“被當(dāng)前時(shí)尚吸引的人”，B項(xiàng)“被當(dāng)下的時(shí)尚所吸引的人”與之相符。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“對(duì)手”、C項(xiàng)“狂熱者”和D項(xiàng)“注重養(yǎng)生的人”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

10.單選題

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer，a“FunCard”，whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls“electronicheroin”.

(1).

In1997helost$21，000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.

(2).

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’suitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling”，intentionallyworkedto“l(fā)ure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill”.Well.

(3).

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.

(4).

Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.

(5).

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton—youmightsayaddictedto—revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers,dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

B.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

C.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

D.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

E.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.

F.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

G.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

B.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

C.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

D.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

E.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.

F.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

G.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

B.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

C.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

D.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

E.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.

F.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

G.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

B.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

C.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

D.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

E.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.

F.Itisworrisomethatsocietyism