考研考博-英語-廣州大學(xué)華軟軟件學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州大學(xué)華軟軟件學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

問題1選項

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapted“適應(yīng)”；B選項adopted“采用”；C選項adjusted“調(diào)整；校正”；D選項attached“附加”。句意：這些課桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根據(jù)語境，這里是指這些課桌和椅子可以調(diào)整高度，所以adjusted“調(diào)整”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Hestood（）amongathousanddimlyimaginedpossibilities.

問題1選項

A.faltering

B.wavering

C.pausing

D.hesitating

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。faltering蹣跚,

猶豫的,

支吾的；wavering搖擺的,猶豫不決；pause暫停,

躊躇；hesitating

猶豫的。句意：他在一千種模模糊糊想象出來的可能性中猶豫不決。選項B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母語，以及語言多樣性，對個體的身份認同至關(guān)重要。作為創(chuàng)造力的來源和文化表達的工具，它們對社會的健康也很重要。重要的是，語言是發(fā)展和增長的因素。我們知道母語教育對學(xué)習(xí)成果的重要性。母語教學(xué)是消除歧視和接觸邊緣人口的有力途徑。語言作為知識的源泉，也是提高發(fā)展可持續(xù)性、更和諧地管理我們與環(huán)境和變革的關(guān)系的起點。

4.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食。”確定C選項“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標志。”可知，作者認為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項“苗條被認為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團體中，財富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財富和幸福的象征。”確定A選項“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風險息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風險可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實際上會很危險。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實際上是危險的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮。”確定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷，B選項正確。

5.單選題

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

問題1選項

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短語,意為"沒有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都對顧客開放,顧客可以自由選擇他們需要的東西。

6.單選題

AttheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Americanspendingonresearchanddevelopment（

）

halftheworld’stotal;today,ithasdroppedtoonethird.

問題1選項

A.madeup

B.madefor

C.madeupfor

D.madefrom

【答案】A

【解析】句意:二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束吋，美國在研究和發(fā)展上的支出占世界在這些方面總支出的一半，如今該比例下降到了三分之一。

考查短語辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)短語的過去式。makeup和解，和好，組成，構(gòu)成，編造，化妝，拿定主意;makefor為…生產(chǎn)；走向，有利于，撲向；makeupfor補償，彌補，補救；makefrom由…制造，用…制成，以…謀生。

7.單選題

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

問題1選項

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞放在另一動作之后，表示主語在進行謂語動向所表示的動作的同時正在進行另一個動作，此時現(xiàn)在分詞對謂語動詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。句意：那些淘氣的男孩又在花園里偷花被抓了，因此根據(jù)句意B項為正確答案。catch的常見用法catchsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動用法則是sbbecaughtdoingsth，因此A和D項均錯誤；C項使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，與句意不符，故排除。

8.寫作題

ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970and1990.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegraphandgivingpossiblereasonsforthechangeofthemodes.

【答案】略

9.單選題

BillGatesisnottheonlyAmericanentrepreneurwithbusinessplantosavetheworld.D.Therearethousands.ConsiderSteveKirsch,whohadjustturned35whenhehadeveiythingeverythinghecouldwant.Adobe,thesoftwaregiant,hadjustpurchasedoneofhisstartups,Eframe.,ThesalemadeKirschveryrich,withashareinaprivatejet,anestateinCalifornia’sLosAltosHillsandaburningquestion:whattodowiththerestofa$50millionfortune?Afterafewyearsofdolingoutmoneytotraditionalcharities—hisalmamater,theUnitedWay—Kirschgotambitious.Hesetuphisownfoundationtobenefit“everyone”,fundingresearchoneverythingfromcancertonear-earthobjects."“Itisguaranteedthatwewillbehitbyanasteroidsometimeinthefuture,，”perhaps“beforeweendthisphoneconversation.”Kirschexplains.“Itwouldcostseveralbillionlives,andwecansavethoselivesfor$50million,whichislessthanthecostofaprivatejet.Icallitenlightenedself-interest.”

Americanphilanthropyisn’twhatitusedtobe.Gonearethedayswhenoldmoneywasdoledoutbybureaucratsfrommahogany-paneledrooms.Morepeoplearegivingoutmoremoneythaneverbefore,atmuchyoungerages,andtoamuchwidervarietyofcauses.In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving.Thenumberofprivatefoundationsrosefrom22,000in1980to55,000today.Theynowdoleoutabout$23.3billionayear,a700percentincreasesince1980.Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.VanessaKirsch,presidentandfounderoftheentrepreneurialcharityNewProfitInc.,says,“There’sthisnewbreedofsocialentrepreneurscomingoutofHarvardBusinessSchoolorfaileddot-coms,andthey’resaying,'‘Iwanttomakebigthingshappen.’”’’

Theiroutlookisincreasinglyglobal,intheGatesmold.D.Theshareoffundingthatthe1,000largestfoundationsdevotetointeractionalcausesjumpedfrom11.3percentin1999to16.3percentin2000.AndwhiletheU.S,governmentisoftencriticizedforstingyforeignaid(wellunder1percentofGNPeachyear),thesamecan’tbesaidofprivatedonors,whonowgiveaway2.1percentofU.S.GNPeachyear.“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo.IfyouwereinEngland,itisthenobility.Americansdon’tthinkit’senoughtosay,‘Igaveattheofficewithtaxes.’”’’

Tobesure,businessandphilanthropyareoldbedfellowsintheUnitedStates.TheRockefellers,theCarnegiesandtheFordssetthemold.D.ButmanywerewhatMarkDowie,authorof“AmericanFoundations:AnInvestigativeHistory,，”calls“s.o.b.B.s”—patronsof“symphonies,operas,ballets,”and“museumsandhospitalswhererichpeoplegotodie.”Thenewfoundationsaremorelike“quasi-publictrusts—progressiveinstitutionsofchange,”arguesDowie.

ThenewmoversandshakersofAmericancharityaremorelikelytobeflashyTVtitanslikeTedTurner.ThestoryofhowTurnergaveawayabillionisafoundinglegendofthisclass.InacabonhiswaytomakeaspeechattheUnitedNations,thecabletitan,sickofofficialU.S.reluctancetopayU.N.dues,decidedtoponyupI$1billionhimself.ThisshamedWashingtonandinspiredimitators.“Itisalotmorepersonality-orientedinthiscultureofnewwealth.,”saysEllenDadisman,vicepresidentoftheCouncilonFoundations.“It’ssortoflikewealthmeetsPeoplemagazine.”

InSiliconValley,thenewfashioniscalled“venturephilanthropy”,Accordingtoonesurvey,

83percentofvalleyhouseholdsgivetocharity,comparedwith69percentnationally.Buttheypreferto“invest”,not“give”.Andtoattract“investors”,fund-raiserspromisehands-onmanagementofthenonprofitstheysupport.Theydemandseatsontheboard,setperformancegoalsandplananexitstrategyincaseexpectationsaren’tmet.“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”Itmaybeinvasive,butifitworks,itcouldhelpsavetheworld.D.Evenfromasteroids.

1.WhydoestheauthorintroducesomeAmericanmillionairesatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.TheauthormentionsRonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessas______.

3.Theexpression“whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity”fromthesentence“Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.”(Para.A.2)means______.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromScottWalker’scomment(Para.A.3)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.TointroducetherapidgrowthofAmericanmillionaires

B.Toshowhowtheybecomemillionaires

C.Todisplaytherelationshipbetweenbusinessandphilanthropy

D.Toexplaintheirchangingattitudetowardscharities

問題2選項

A.RonaldReaganwasthethenAmericanPresident

B.hiscallwasseverelycriticizedbythepublic

C.RonaldReaganfirstunderstoodthesignificanceofprivatefoundations

D.hiscallreceivedmixedresponsesbutpointedthewayforphilanthropy

問題3選項

A.whoruncharitiesinthesamewayastheyrunbusinesses

B.whoupholdtheprinciplesofbusinessinmanagingcharities

C.whomanagethemoneytheysendtocharities

D.whothinkphilanthropistsshouldreceivetraining

問題4選項

A.CharitiesinEuropeancountriesarerunbythegovernmentaldepartment

B.AmericashouldearnestlylearnthepracticeofcharityfromFranceandSweden

C.EuropeancountriesshouldlearnfromAmericancharity

D.TheconceptofAmericancharityisdifferentfromthatofEuropeanones

問題5選項

A.Charitieswillbecomeprofitablebusinessesinthefuture

B.MorepeopleinSiliconValleygivemoneytocharity

C.Managementofcharitiesisrequiredtoundergochanges

D.Foundationsarebeginningtocheckhowthecharitiesarerunning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章主要講述了很多億萬富翁投身于慈善事業(yè)，開啟了慈善事業(yè)的新的模式，因此選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁用私人慈善機構(gòu)來取代政府的捐贈引起了自由派的嘲笑和捐贈狂潮（In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving），由此可知對他的做法褒貶不一，因此選項D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁私人慈善機構(gòu)代替政府捐贈之后，捐贈狂潮涌現(xiàn)，他們很多都是資本家的后代，把商業(yè)的語言帶入了慈善事業(yè)（Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity），根據(jù)后文都是在講述如何將商業(yè)的規(guī)則用于慈善事業(yè)，因此可知選項B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到ScottWalker的觀點，他認為美國的私人慈善是其他國家無法比擬的，其他國家的慈善都是國家負責（“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo…），因此選項D符合題意，美國慈善的概念與歐洲其他國家的不同。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到基金會并沒有侵略性，換句話說，基金會不會不干涉慈善的運作（“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”），因此選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

問題1選項

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：男士預(yù)約了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三來。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以幫你預(yù)約那天上午10點。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想約史密斯醫(yī)生。）”，可知A選項“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10點史密斯醫(yī)生。）”符合原文。

11.翻譯題

Modernscience,particularlyphysics,isbeingforced,underpressureofitsownadvances,toacknowledgethatthetruthsitoffersaretruenotinanabsolutebutinapoeticsense,thatitslawsarecontingent,thatitsfactsareakindofmetaphor.Ofcourse,artandsciencearefundamentallydifferentintheirmethods,andintheirends.Thedoingofscienceinvolvesalevelofrigorunattainabletoart.Ascientifichypothesiscanbeproven—or,perhapsmoreimportantly,disproven—butapoem,apicture,orapieceofmusic,cannot.Yetintheiroriginsartandscienceareremarkablysimilar.

【答案】現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，尤其是物理學(xué)，在自身進步的壓力下，被迫承認它所提供的真理不是絕對的，而是詩意的，它的規(guī)律是偶然的，它的事實是一種隱喻。當然，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的?？茖W(xué)所涉及的嚴格程度是藝術(shù)所無法企及的。一個科學(xué)假設(shè)可以被證明——或者，也許更重要的是，被否定——但一首詩、一幅畫或一首音樂卻不能。然而，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在其起源上是非常相似的。

12.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問題1選項

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在過去，是對過去事實的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項正確。

13.單選題

Thenewtechnologywillgreatly（）foodproductioninChinatofeedmorepeopleonsuchdenselypopulatedland.

問題1選項

A.boom

B.bound

C.boost

D.bounce

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。C選項boost“促進”正確；A選項boom“使興旺”；B選項bound“界限”；D選項bounce“跳”。本句表示“這項新技術(shù)將大大提高中國的糧食產(chǎn)量，在人口如此密集的土地上養(yǎng)活更多的人”糧食產(chǎn)量需要提高和促進。因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife（1）commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumansseemverymuchthesame.

However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:（2）itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.（3）toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody―wearenotan（4）animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,（5）hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmenttohelpustogetit.Inthepurelyphysical（6）ourspeciesseemsapoor（7）forsurvival.

Butwehavesurvived-survivedandmultipliedand（8）theearth.Somedaywewillhavea（9）livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.（10）itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant（11）Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan（12）objectswithaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother（13）.Mostimportantly,wehavealargebrainwithanalmost（14）numberofneural（15）.

Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,wesupplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed（16）clothing,shelter,and（17）heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand（18）deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupplynecessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.

Itwasnotalways（19）.Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno（20）andlackedthephysicalcapacitytouseit.

問題1選項

A.processes

B.acts

C.modes

D.procedures

問題2選項

A.On

B.With

C.For

D.By

問題3選項

A.Stripped

B.Pared

C.Peeled

D.Removed

問題4選項

A.intelligent

B.impressive

C.influential

D.incentive

問題5選項

A.barely

B.hardly

C.nearly

D.scarcely

問題6選項

A.meaning

B.judgment

C.perspective

D.sense

問題7選項

A.bet

B.chance

C.fact

D.luck

問題8選項

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.scattered

問題9選項

A.residence

B.colony

C.home

D.empire

問題10選項

A.Apartfrom

B.Withregardto

C.Withtheexceptionof

D.Inspiteof

問題11選項

A.abilities

B.potentials

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題12選項

A.maneuver

B.manage

C.manipulate

D.manufacture

問題13選項

A.animal

B.animals

C.creatures

D.creature44.

問題14選項

A.infinite

B.unknown

C.boundless

D.ceaseless

問題15選項

A.connections

B.relations

C.activities

D.accesses

問題16選項

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.by

問題17選項

A.artificial

B.fake

C.unreal

D.unauthentic

問題18選項

A.addup

B.breakup

C.makeup

D.cutup

問題19選項

A.this

B.thus

C.hence

D.that

問題20選項

A.intellect

B.equipment

C.competence

D.culture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查名詞詞義辨析。process“過程；進行；步驟”；act“行動；法令，法案；（戲劇，歌劇的）一幕”；mode“模式；方式；風格”；procedure“程序；手續(xù)；步驟”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何覀兒粑⑦M食、消化和重現(xiàn)生命過程的這些模式與動物非常像。選項C符合題意。

（2）考查固定搭配。byitself“獨自”。選項D符合題意。

（3）考查動詞詞義辨析。strip“剝奪；剝?nèi)ァ?；pare“消減；削皮；剪；修掉（邊等）”；peel“剝落；削”；remove“移動；遷移”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵好摰粑覀兊囊路冻龀嗦愕娜祟惿眢w，我們不再是給人印象深刻的一種動物。選項A符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?3題，選項B符合題意。

（5）考查副詞詞義辨析。barely“僅僅”；hardly“幾乎不”；nearly“幾乎；密切地”；scarcely“幾乎不”。空格處所在句子的句意是：我們是一種熱情的生物，身上幾乎沒有毛，對冷很敏感。選項C符合題意。

（6）考查固定搭配。inthesense“從這種意義上來說”。選項D符合題意。

（7）考查名詞詞義辨析。bet“打賭，賭注”；chance“機會”；fact“事實”；luck“運氣”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵簭奈矬w的意義上來說，我們這個物種在生存上似乎不是一個好的賭注。選項A符合題意。

（8）考查動詞詞義辨析。fill“裝滿；充滿；擠滿”；load“使擔負”；stuff“塞滿；填塞”；scatter“使散開；使散播”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒敃r我們生存下來了，數(shù)量不斷增加，并且擠滿在世界的各個地方。選項A符合題意。

（9）考查邏輯關(guān)系。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到oureventualmooncolony“我們最后的月球聚居地”。所以選項B符合題意。

（10）考查介詞詞組辨析。apartfrom“除······之外”；withregardto“關(guān)于，至于”；withtheexceptionof“除了······之外”；inspiteof“盡管”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵罕M管我們的身體有很多局限，但是我們的身體設(shè)備有很多的潛能。選項D符合題意。

（11）考查名詞詞義辨析。ability“能力”；potential“潛能”；capability“才能，能力”；possibility“可能性”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?0題，選項B符合題意。

（12）考查動詞詞義辨析。maneuver“機動；演習(xí)”；manage“管理；經(jīng)營”；manipulate“操縱；操作”；manufacture“制造；加工；捏造”。空格處句子所在句意：我們有著極好的視力和一雙能精確使用物體上的雙手，這是其他動物無法相比的。選項C符合題意。

（13）考查名詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?2題。根據(jù)空格前的anyother可知空格處需要填入一個可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，選項A符合題意。

（14）考查形容詞詞義辨析。infinite“無限的，無窮的”；unknown“未知的；不出名的”；boundless“無限的，無邊無際的”；ceaseless“不斷的；不停的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊匾氖?，我們擁有幾乎無限數(shù)量神經(jīng)連接的大腦。選項A符合題意。

（15）考查名詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?4題。選項A符合題意。

（16）考查介詞辨析。for“為了；因為；給”；to“到；向”；with“用；隨著；和······在一起”；by“通過；被；經(jīng)由”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝绻覀兙幼≡诒睒O區(qū)，我們通過衣服、遮蓋物和人造的取暖設(shè)備來供應(yīng)我們熱帶身體所需的保暖。可知空格處需要填的介詞有“通過”的意思，選項D符合題意。

（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；fake“偽造的”；unreal“不真實的；假的”；unauthentic“不確實的；不真實的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?6題，選項A符合題意。

（18）考查動詞詞組辨析。addup“合計；加起來”；breakup“打碎；結(jié)束”；makeup“組成；補足；編造”；cutup“切碎”。___deficits(差額)與“bytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces”(通過從遠方運送補給)可知對應(yīng)的是“補足差額”。選項C符合題意。

（19）考查固定搭配。Itwasnotalwaysthus/thatway“事情也不總是那樣”。選項B符合題意。

（20）考查名詞詞義辨析。intellect“智力；知識分子”；equipment“設(shè)備，裝備；器材”；competence“勝任；能力”；culture“文化”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“我們?nèi)祟愑蒙眢w設(shè)備，比如手和大腦等創(chuàng)造了對我們生存和成功至關(guān)重要的文化”，而最后一段提到我們的祖先不會使用這些設(shè)備，可以推斷是缺乏相應(yīng)的文化?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儧]有文化，也缺乏使用自身身體設(shè)備的能力。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

問題1選項

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配burstinto“突然進入……”，選項A和B可排除，into后接一個名詞，theopen作名詞形式。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit（）.

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe（）.

問題1選項

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

問題2選項

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

問題3選項

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

問題4選項

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth