考研考博-英語-成都中醫(yī)藥大學考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都中醫(yī)藥大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

在所有的節(jié)日中，春節(jié)對于我們中國人來說是最重要的。

陰歷年到來的前幾天，我們便把房子打掃得干干凈凈并裝飾一新。老人們說必須干干凈凈過春節(jié)，這樣來年才會幸福，交好運。

除夕全家歡聚一堂共進晚餐，春節(jié)慶?；顒颖阋源俗鳛殚_始。人們不論離家多遠，都總是想方設法及時趕回家去分享這頓持續(xù)幾個小時的豐盛晚餐。

【答案】Ofallthefestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantforourChinesepeople.

SeveraldaysbeforetheLunarNewYear,wehaveourhousesweptanddecorated.TheeldersaythatcleannessmustbethenecessityfortheSpringFestivalandwewillbehappyandhaveagoodluckinthecomingyearbykeepingcleanness.

OnNewYear'sEve,allfamilymembersmerrilygathertogethertohaveafamilyreuniondinner,fromwhichtheactivitiesofcelebratingtheSpringFestivalstart.Nomatterhowfarawayfromhometown,peoplealwaysmanagetogetbackhomeintimeforsharingthisbigdinnerwhichoftenlastsforseveralhours.

2.翻譯題

1.從科學和藝術的區(qū)別看,管理應該更像藝術。管理心理學者發(fā)現(xiàn),一個人的管理能力同他年輕時負面的生活經(jīng)歷有正相關。正是根據(jù)上述對管理的認識,可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,MBA的文憑不是管理者的執(zhí)業(yè)證書,拿到MBA證書的人必須與學工程、法律、電腦的人,以及第一線的工段長們競爭管理者的職位。

2.按時喝一杯香味濃郁的熱咖啡會幫助女性變得更勇敢,聰明,做出更自信的決定,重要的是會勝過男同事,來自英國的心理生理學家證實,咖啡對女性和男性在壓力狀況下的作用是完全不同的。喝了咖啡的男人出汗,爭吵,把工作一個接一個搞砸。但是喝了咖啡的女人卻神采奕奕地從這些困境中解脫出來。

3.此時工作人員必須做好三件事情。首先,確認反應堆里的燃料依然處于冷卻狀態(tài),以防止燃料進一步受損。保持燃料冷卻需要隨時將其置于水中。第二是反應堆系統(tǒng)壓力要在警戒線以下。第三,由于反應器內(nèi)部的蒸汽會和燃料包殼發(fā)生反應,產(chǎn)生氫氣,所以要確保疏通氫氣,以免氫氣聚集引發(fā)再發(fā)爆炸。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.Intermsofthedifferencesbetweenscienceandart,managementshouldbemorelikeanart.Themanagementpsychologistsdiscoverthataperson’smanagementcapacityhasapositiverelationshipwithhisnegativelifeexperienceofyouthtime.Accordingtotheacknowledgmentofmanagementabove,wecandrawaconclusionthatadiplomaofMBAisnotthepracticingcertificateofamanager,andpeoplewhoobtainthecertificateofMBAmustcompeteforthemanagerialpositionswithengineers,lawyers,computertechniciansandfront-linesectionchiefs.

2.Drinkingacupoffragranthotcoffeeregularlycanhelpfemalestobecomebraver,smarter,andmakemoreconfidentdecisions.Thekeypointisthatitcanhelpfemalestosurpassmalecolleagues.Britishphysiologicalpsychologistconfirmthatcoffeehascompletelydifferentaffectsonwomenandmenunderpressure.Menwhodrinkcoffeesweat,argueandmessupjobsoneafteranotherwhilewomencangetoutofdilemmaswitharadiantlook.

3.Theoperatorsmustdothreethingswellatthispoint.First,makesurethatthefuelinthereactorremainscooltopreventanyfurtherdamagetothefuel.Andthatrequiresplacingthefuelinwateratalltimes.Thesecondthingtheyhavetodoistoensurethatpressureofthereactorsystemshouldbebelowtheriskinglevels.Thethirdthingtheyhavetodoistoensurethatthehydrogen,whichwillbeproducedbecauseofthereactionsbetweenthesteaminthereactorandthefuelcladding,doesn’taccumulatetoavoidanotherexplosion.

3.單選題

Thedoghas（）itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.

問題1選項

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項transferredv.轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓，調(diào)動；B選項transformedv.轉(zhuǎn)化，變換；C選項transportedv.運輸，搬運；D選項transmittedv.傳輸，傳送，遺傳。根據(jù)動詞賓語itsaffection可知，A項符合語義和搭配。因此，A項為正確選項。句意：小狗己經(jīng)將自己的情感轉(zhuǎn)移給了它的新主人。

4.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問題1選項

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問題2選項

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問題3選項

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問題4選項

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問題5選項

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問題6選項

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實驗選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團隊要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項“來自身體發(fā)育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的健康問題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對超過700個基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風險增加的生物學機制?！奔暗谌沃小癙reviousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時的人相比睡好覺的同齡人死于各種原因的風險增加了15%?！钡膶P系知B項“為早些時候的研究提供了生物學上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語分別是“英國工人”和“在美國接受調(diào)研的人”,由此推測claim這個詞的使用表明研究者對睡眠對聲稱的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)不能確定，由此知D項“不能完全確定這些睡眠數(shù)據(jù)是精確的”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過使用腦電圖傳感器，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡覺十個小時的人每晚大約睡覺8.5個小時。由此可知A項“用技術方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時間是多久”正確。

5.C細節(jié)事實題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對超過700個基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風險增加的生物學機制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發(fā)生的變化可能會引發(fā)或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項“可能被睡覺很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，如不能將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到習慣六小時睡眠而對自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發(fā)現(xiàn)上推斷太多”正確。

5.翻譯題

贏家不會讓他們的生命局限在自己“理當”成為何種人的觀念中。事實上，他們順應天性行事。所以，他們不會費盡心思地裝模作樣，故作姿態(tài)、玩弄他人。他們十分清楚愛與裝愛，傻與裝傻，真才實學與故作高深之間的差別。贏家沒有必要藏在面具后面掩飾自己。

贏家不害怕獨立思考和運用自身的知識，他們既懂得辨別事實與想法，又不會裝作通曉一切。他們傾聽他人的意見，衡量他人的言論，最后得出自己的判斷。盡管贏家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，卻不會徹底為他人所限制、摧垮、束縛或嚇倒。

【答案】Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe.Infact,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretense,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

6.單選題

Oftenbebeforecomputer,theeyeisabit（

）urticantabitbetterwiththesortofeye-drop,stimulationissmall.

問題1選項

A.ache

B.fever

C.acerbity

D.sore

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ache疼痛；fever發(fā)燒；acerbity酸，澀；sore潰瘍，痛處。句意：經(jīng)常在電腦前，眼睛有點癢，有點澀，用那種眼藥水比較好，刺激小。C項符合句意。

7.單選題

Themachinemightworkifwe（）itverycarefully.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.operate

C.oppose

D.object

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我們非常小心地操作這臺機器,那么它可能會運轉(zhuǎn)。

考查動詞辨析。obtain(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得,贏得,存在;operate運轉(zhuǎn),工作,操作,控制,使運行;oppose反對,對抗;object反對,拒絕?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語為it,即指代前面的machine(機器),因此B符合句意。

8.單選題

Thegovernmenthasabigroletoplayincreatinglawsthatprotectsearth’snaturalwaterresourcesfromtotaldestructionand（

）informationtothepublicwithwaysandmeanstoconservewater.

問題1選項

A.dispersing

B.annotating

C.announcing

D.disseminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。disperse意為“（使）分散，驅(qū)散”；annotate意為“注解，注釋”；announce意為“宣布，宣告”；disseminate意為“散布，傳播”。

句意：政府在制定保護地球自然水資源免遭全面破壞的法律方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，通過各種方法向公眾宣傳信息提倡節(jié)約用水。

9.單選題

Anexistingworkagreement______onAugust14andnegotiationsforanewonehavebrokendown.

問題1選項

A.expires

B.exceeds

C.terminates

D.ceases

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項expire“到期，期滿”，一般指因到期而失效；B項exceed“超過，勝過”，C項terminate“結(jié)束，終止”，一般指終止某件事情，相當于end；如：Theagreementwasterminatedimmediately.（那項協(xié)議立即被終止了）。D項cease“停止，終了”，指停止某件事情，相當于stop，如：Heorderedhismentoceasefire.（他命令手下停止射擊）。根據(jù)句子中表示日期的關鍵詞August14（8月14日）可知，A項符合句意。句意：現(xiàn)有的工作協(xié)議將于8月14日到期，新協(xié)議的談判已經(jīng)破裂。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

10.單選題

Thepeoplewereannoyedbythe（）supplyofelectricityandwaterinsummer.

問題1選項

A.insufficient

B.integral

C.inferior

D.indispensable

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等級低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人們對夏天水電供應不足感到煩惱。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

問題1選項

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

問題2選項

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

問題3選項

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，開頭提到了耳蝸植入裝置使許多使用者能夠在沒有視覺提示的情況下進行交談，但對于神經(jīng)末梢退化或聽覺神經(jīng)受損的患者卻沒用。因此加州的研究人員正在研究一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸。接下來的內(nèi)容則是具體的這項新的研究，所以選項C“一種新的聽覺療法”最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.現(xiàn)在，加州的研究人員正準備這樣做，這是一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸?！痹闹械摹皌hat”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.進入聽覺系統(tǒng)的后期。”所以選項D正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神經(jīng)生理學家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已經(jīng)在使用這種新設備的貓。”由此可知，DouglasMcCreery實際上是在展示新的設備，所以選項D正確。

12.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

沒有永遠的優(yōu)點，也沒有永遠的缺點。這篇文章告訴我們，對待優(yōu)點和缺點應當采取客觀的態(tài)度。具體地說，盲目地崇拜他人的優(yōu)點必定會傷害我們的自信，而完全忽略自身缺點則會導致自負?？偠灾?，兩種極端都會使我們失去充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢的機會。因此，我們需要找到合適的方法釋放自己的優(yōu)勢，并且把暫吋的缺點轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)點。

數(shù)字表明自我雇傭的英國人大多為男性，工作的吋間比全職工作的員工長而且賺得少。事實上，2007至2016期間，自我雇傭者的實際薪水要比受雇傭員工下降得更快。這或許能解釋為何英國近幾年的生產(chǎn)率提高速度如同蝸牛爬行。

對于以音樂為愛好的研究者來說，音樂有助于他們的研究。把他們的頭腦從實驗的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴密性以及數(shù)據(jù)的乏味中解脫出來，使之徜徉在韻律與節(jié)奏的世界里會幫助他發(fā)揮科學創(chuàng)造性。一位研宄者發(fā)現(xiàn)，令人滿意的表演持續(xù)幾天甚至僅幾個小吋之后，常給他開展研究的靈感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美國軍方已開始在韓國部署導彈防御系統(tǒng)。薩德系統(tǒng)旨在擊落來襲導彈。中國將采取一定措施表示反對。許多韓國人和中國人都很憤怒，他們一直在抗議韓國不負責任的部署行動。

在某些情況下，可能需要篇幅長的簡歷達到整齊美觀效果。例如，平面設計師或視覺藝術家可能會從制作帶插圖的簡歷中獲益，而學者、研究人員或資深管理人員可能需要一頁以上的頁面來展示他們的豐富經(jīng)驗。但總的來說，最好避免給讓招聘人員在一份冗長拖沓的簡歷上花費過多的精力。

中國正在考慮鼓勵夫婦生育二胎的經(jīng)濟激勵措施，因為調(diào)查顯示，由于經(jīng)濟限制，許多人不愿擴大家庭成員。國家衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會一位官員在一次社會福利會議上透露了這一潛在的舉措。他說，“在中國，生第二個孩子是每個家庭的權(quán)利，但負擔能力卻成了阻礙這個決定的瓶頸?！?/p>

13.單選題

Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.

問題1選項

A.but

B.and

C.so

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查語言邏輯。A項but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關系，B項and“和”表并列，C項so“因此”表因果，D項as“作為，因為”表方式或者原因。前一句話和后一句話存在意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，此處應填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，A項符合題意。句意：時裝模特聽起來像是一份簡單、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的壓力。因此A項正確。

14.單選題

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

問題1選項

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。時態(tài)錯誤。introduce改為introduced。謂語動詞為denied,是一般過去時,因此A項定語從句中的動詞Introduce也應該用過去式。

15.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。atlarge“整個地”；atintervals“不時”；atease“不緊張”；atrandom“隨機”。句意：討論太長并且令人筋疲力盡，以至于說話的人時不時停下來吃點點心。選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(膽怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

問題1選項

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheir