考研考博-英語-懷化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-懷化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hercinematicdebutwas（）andshedecidedtoreturntothetheatrewheresheremainedfortherestofhercareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indelible

B.infallible

C.incredulous

D.inauspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indelible“難忘的”；infallible“絕對可靠的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；inauspicious“不詳?shù)摹?。句意：她在電影中的初次登場讓人難忘，所以決定重新回到影壇來繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepolicearesuspicious（

）hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“對……感到懷疑”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：警察對他的話感到懷疑因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)做好了記錄。

3.單選題

DeadSeaisasaltwaterlakeinsouthwesternAsia.Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.Itisaboutninetimesassaltyastheocean.ThelakeliesatthemouthoftheRiverJordanandformspartoftheborderbetweenIsraelandJordan.

ThesaltywatersofDeadSeaappearsmoothandsparkling.Rockyandbarrenlandsurroundsthelake,andsteep,brightlycoloredcliffsriseaboveitseasternandwesternbanks.ThelakeiscalledtheDeadSeabecausefewplantsandnofishexceptbrineshrimpliveinitswaters.Inaddition,littleplantlifegrowsinthesaltysoilaroundtheDeadSea.

TheDeadSealiesintheGhor,adeepfault(breakintheearth'soutershell,alongwhichrockhasmoved).Thelakecoversabout1,040squarekilometers.Itis18kilometerswideatitswidestpointandabout80kilometerslong.

ApeninsulacalledAtLisanjutsintotheDeadSeafromitseasternshoreanddividesthelakeintoalargenorthernbasinandasmallersouthernbasin.Thelake'sdeepestpartisinthenorthernbasin.Inthisarea,thelakebosomlies400metersbelowthesurfaceandabout799metersbelowsealevel.

Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.Theregiongetslessthan100millimetersofrainannually.TheRiverJordanandseveralstreamspourrelativelyfreshwaterintothelake.Thefreshwatermixeswithsaltywateratthesurface.Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.

TheDeadSeacontainslargequantitiesofminerals,includingcommonsalt,bromine,calciumchloride,andpotassiumchloride.AnIsraelicompanycalledtheDeadSeaWorkextractsthemineralsfromthewaterforuseinmakingsuchproductsastablesalt,fertilizer,anddrugs.

AtthesouthernendoftheDeadSeaanetworkofdikesformsshallowpoolsthatcovermorethat100squarekilometers.Thesepoolsevaporateandleavebehindmineralsolids,whicharethenrefinedbytheDeadSeaWorks.SomepeoplebelievethatbathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.Severalhealthresortsintheareaprovidefacilitiesforbathers.

TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsagowhentheArabianpeninsulaandtheAfricancontinentshiftedandformedtheGreatRiftValley.TheDeadSeaismentionedintheBibleasTheSaltSea.TheancientcitiesofSodomandGomorrahstoodnearthelake.

1.WhatarethestrikingmainfeaturesoftheDeadSea?

2.Extremeheatisresponsiblefor（）.

3.Scholarsarenotquitesureabout（）.

4.TheDeadSeais（）.

5.ThewaterintheDeadSeaissosaltythatpeoplecan（）.

6.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

7.Inthephrase"Inthisarea"inline3ofparagraph4,"thisarea"refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.DeadSeaisapartofAsia.

B.Itisthesaltiestandlowestlakeoftheworld.

C.DeadSeaisnotsodeadthatsomefishcanliveinitswater.

D.Theregiongetsalotrainannually.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehighsaltcontentofthewater

B.richresources

C.alonghistory

D.thewateroftheDeadSea

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theSaltSea

B.theBible

C.minerals

D.theformationoftheDeadSea

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tothesoutheasternAsia

B.notbarrenland

C.abundantinminerals

D.dead

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.batheinitformedicalpurpose

B.swiminit

C.floateasilyinthewater

D.useitastheonlysourceforsalt

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thewaterlevelnowislowerthanitwasbeforeearly1900's

B.manyhealthresortsarebuiltaroundtheDeadSeasinceearly1900's

C.thereisnolifeintheDeadSea

D.theheavyraineachyeargreatlydilutethewaterintheDeadSea

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.theDeadSea

B.AtLisan

C.Northernbasin

D.Southernbasin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.”可知,死海最顯著的幾個(gè)特征是海拔最低,海水最咸,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)二三句“Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.”該地區(qū)的極端高溫導(dǎo)致這些水迅速蒸發(fā)。因此,死海的鹽分從未減少過。也就是海水含鹽量大,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsago...”由“probably”可以推測,學(xué)者們對死海的形成不太確定。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第七段倒數(shù)第二句“...bathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.”有些人認(rèn)為,在死海洗澡是健康的,因?yàn)樗缓V物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.”含鹽量極高的水提供了巨大的浮力,使游泳者可以輕松漂浮。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.”可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文,其他選項(xiàng)均表述錯(cuò)誤。

7.根據(jù)原文上一句提到,這個(gè)湖最深的地方在北部水域,下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米,海平面以下約799米,說明“Inthisarea”指的就是北部水域,選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submissive

B.resistant

C.tolerable

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。reconcile表示“和解，調(diào)節(jié)”；A項(xiàng)submissive“順從的，服從的”，B項(xiàng)resistant“抵抗的，反抗的”，C項(xiàng)tolerable“可以容忍的”，D項(xiàng)committed“堅(jiān)定的，忠誠的”。句意：如果你甘心于自己的命運(yùn)，你將永遠(yuǎn)無法重新開始生活。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事長了。

語法題。考查冠詞。根據(jù)冠詞的語法規(guī)則,職位前不加冠詞。而且appoint是及物動詞,后面直接接賓語president。故選B.

6.單選題

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twisted

B.dipped

C.haunted

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故過去好多年后，他的腦中仍縈繞著死亡和毀滅的畫面。

考查動詞辨析。twist扭曲，扭動；dip浸，蘸；haunt縈繞；submerge淹沒，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。

7.單選題

Hisfewpersonalbelongingsmadeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplace（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inease

B.withease

C.atease

D.witheasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inease無此搭配；B選項(xiàng)withease“熟練地；不費(fèi)力地”；C選項(xiàng)atease“安逸，自由自在”；D選項(xiàng)witheasiness無此搭配。根據(jù)句意“他的個(gè)人物品很少，使得他能夠毫不費(fèi)力地從這個(gè)地方搬到那個(gè)地方”。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

8.單選題

ThegeologyoftheEarth’ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoformbrooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatiscalledthehydrographicnetwork.Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:anocean.Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeitspotentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepointthatissealevel.

Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeastheaveragetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughoneofthethreereservoirs—atmosphere,continent,andocean—weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awatermoleculestays,onaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsonacontinentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.

Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplacesduringtheflowofwateroverthecontinents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywheretheyareandformthethin,fertileskinofsoilonwhichvegetationcangrow.Sometimessoilsaredestroyedandtransportedmechanicallyduringflooding.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater（）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthehydrographicnetworkisto（）.

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precipitatingontotheground

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstate

C.evaporatingfromtheoceans

D.beingcarriedbywind

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwater

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyflooding

C.movewaterfromtheEarth’ssurfacetotheoceans

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandrivers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.magnesium

B.iron

C.potassium

D.calcium.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，云主要由水______而形成。

A.precipitatingontothegroundA.沉淀到地面上

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstateB.從固態(tài)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)

C.evaporatingfromtheoceansC.從海洋中蒸發(fā)

D.beingcarriedbywindD.被風(fēng)攜帶

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】從第二段第一句“水蒸氣從海洋蒸發(fā)后形成云（Evaporatedfromtheoceans），其中一些被風(fēng)吹過大陸”理解可知，云主要是由水蒸氣從海洋蒸發(fā)而形成的，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“沉淀到地面上”和B項(xiàng)“從固態(tài)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)”形成的是小溪和河流等，屬于張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“被風(fēng)攜帶”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，被風(fēng)攜帶的是云，并不是水，屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthehydrographicnetworkisto______.2.這篇文章表明，水文網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目的是______。

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwaterA.確定水分子的大小

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyfloodingB.防止洪水造成的土壤侵蝕

C.movewaterfromtheEarth’ssurfacetotheoceansC.將水從地球表面輸送到海洋

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandriversD.調(diào)節(jié)小溪和河流的水流速率

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hydrographicnetwork定位至第二段第三和第四句“水沉淀到地面上，涓滴而下形成小溪和河流，構(gòu)成了所謂的水文網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這個(gè)巨大的極化網(wǎng)絡(luò)把水引向一個(gè)容器：海洋?！保C合理解可知，水文網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目的是將水輸送到海洋里面去，C項(xiàng)符合原文，因此正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“確定水分子的大小”、B項(xiàng)“防止洪水造成的土壤侵蝕”和D項(xiàng)“調(diào)節(jié)小溪和河流的水流速率”在原文沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?3.如第三段所討論的，是什么決定了水分子在循環(huán)中移動的速率？

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.A.水中所含的勢能。

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.B.大氣壓力對化合物的影響。

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.C.降落在各大洲的降雨量。

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.D.蓄水面積的相對大小。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第三段，根據(jù)第一句“水分子通過循環(huán)的速率不是隨機(jī)的，而是能測出各個(gè)蓄水區(qū)的相對大小”，以及倒數(shù)第二句“一個(gè)水分子在大氣中平均停留11天，在大陸上停留100年，在海洋中停留4萬年”，綜合理解可知，水分子循環(huán)的速率是取決于蓄水區(qū)的相對大小，所以D項(xiàng)“蓄水面積的相對大小”符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“水中所含的勢能”與重力有關(guān)，和題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“大氣壓力對化合物的影響”和C項(xiàng)“降落在各大洲的降雨量”原文未提及，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT______.4.除了______，以下都是可溶性離子的例子。

A.magnesiumA.鎂

B.ironB.鐵

C.potassiumC.鉀

D.calciumD.鈣

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞solubleions定位至第四段第三句“不溶性離子如鋁、鐵和硅留在原地……”可知，B項(xiàng)“鐵”為不溶性離子，不符合題干。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“鎂”、C項(xiàng)“鉀”和D項(xiàng)“鈣”根據(jù)第四段第二句“可溶性離子如鈣、鈉、鉀和一些鎂被溶解和運(yùn)輸”可知，這三項(xiàng)都符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

9.單選題

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法（倒裝）題目?？崭袂耙痪洹癊veninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語，而當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語位于句首時(shí)，主句部分需要使用部分倒裝，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom“invisibleearnings”topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional$375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachma（古希臘銀幣）outoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus-$66million.Greecehasadecentonethirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescing（接合）incompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome—withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan

（

）.

3.TheGreekGovernmentspends

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas

（

）.

5.Greeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterials（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Greekincomeandexpenditures

B.TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece

C.Thevalueoftourism

D.Militaryexpenditures

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.$60aweek

B.$2aweek

C.$1aday

D.$10amonth

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms

B.Morethanitscollects

C.Athirdofabilliondollarsingold

D.Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.adictatorship

B.amonarchy

C.asinglemajorityparty

D.toomuchredtape

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.totalingalmost$700million

B.thatbalanceexports

C.thatarepaidbytourists

D.costing$66million

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章首先指出了希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣，人均收入低，失業(yè)嚴(yán)重，然而隨著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，情況有了很大的轉(zhuǎn)變，經(jīng)濟(jì)明顯增長，因此B選項(xiàng)“希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的改善”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanya

peasant”可知許多農(nóng)民的收入處于60-70美元一年，計(jì)算下來與每周少于2美元最接近，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Althoughmorethanonedrachma（古希臘銀幣）outoffourgoesfordefense”可知超過四分之一的錢用于軍事方面，因此選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.”政府不依靠不相容的政黨之間的合作來獲得議會的多數(shù)席位，可知希臘是單一大黨，因此選C

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional$375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.”可知希臘出口額為2.85億美元，進(jìn)口額超過出口額4億美元，那么希臘的出口額為6.7億美元，接近7億美元，因此選A。

11.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfillsevenmoreofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanResearchInstitute,“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.”Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthecorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofthehumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.

61.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

62.Thechiefpurposeofgerm-lineengineeringisto______.

63.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

64.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

65.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.germ-lineengineeringfailstofulfillsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.germ-lineengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.actualworkongerm-lineengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】61.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過說‘潛在的獎勵(lì)肯定會閃閃發(fā)光’，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干可定位到第二段，第二段第一句Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.（潛在的獎勵(lì)定將閃閃發(fā)光）是本段落的中心句，隨后講到了基因研究的美好前景，制造更好的藥物，讓人們選擇治療疾病的合適的療法，第二段最后兩句提到Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（在兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景，數(shù)以千計(jì)的新藥用于以前無法治療的疾病；為個(gè)人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾?。纱宋覀兛梢酝茢?，這種基因研究會成為一項(xiàng)頗有成效的研究，即胚系工程研究；故C項(xiàng)“胚系工程必將證明是一項(xiàng)卓有成效的研究”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會引發(fā)很多爭論”該段沒有提到爭論；B項(xiàng)“胚系工程不能履行它的一些醫(yī)療承諾”和D項(xiàng)“基因研究的潛在獎金實(shí)際上被證明是很小的”都與原文不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

62.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“胚系工程的主要目的是……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.（在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的胚系工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病）可知，胚系工程的目的是防止遺傳疾病，故B項(xiàng)“防止有缺陷的基因傳給下一代”正確。A項(xiàng)“開發(fā)適合每個(gè)人的副作用更少的藥物”和C項(xiàng)“為以前無法治愈的疾病開發(fā)藥物”是通過基因工程的研究來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，不是主要的目的；D項(xiàng)“為絕癥患者找出最好的治療方法”文章未提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第三段的第一句話我們可以知道……”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第三段第一句，文章說Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun（但是將堿基對的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的核心工作已經(jīng)開始了），接著又繼續(xù)提到Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.（在過去的好年景里，可能會有兩三個(gè)；去年，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了29個(gè)）可推斷，將堿基對的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的前景很好，故C項(xiàng)“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“胚系工程的實(shí)際工作正在進(jìn)行中”，文章說的是已經(jīng)開始一段時(shí)間了，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”在該段沒有體現(xiàn)；第三段提到Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.（在一年的時(shí)間里，我記錄了一份與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因記錄）可知研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因數(shù)據(jù)，D項(xiàng)“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”表述不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

64.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者警告說，在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意……”。第四段最后一句指出However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果的安全擔(dān)憂之后，才允許對生命守則進(jìn)行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預(yù)），由此可知，在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí)，應(yīng)該特別注意人類之間的倫理和可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果，所以A項(xiàng)“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“被改變的異?；颉?，這屬于改變?nèi)祟惢虻慕Y(jié)果而非注意的地方；C項(xiàng)“尋找生命的密碼”和D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)健康基因”在該段沒有體現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

65.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)珀維斯博士的說法，人類……”。最后一段作者闡述人類基因組的探索將在短期和長期內(nèi)造福于醫(yī)療保健，但是價(jià)格昂貴且無法避免病毒和細(xì)菌疾病造成的損害；隨后引出一個(gè)abravenewworld（一個(gè)勇敢的新世界），并用珀維斯博士的話回答：itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.（在未來的很長一段時(shí)間可能是這樣的，但這是基于人類相當(dāng)傲慢的觀點(diǎn)，即人們會理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切，而我們過去從來沒有這種想法），可以推斷，人類比我們過去要傲慢，所以A項(xiàng)“比我們過去更傲慢”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在不久的將來將能夠監(jiān)測所有疾病”表述太絕對；C項(xiàng)“比我們更了解我們的未來”和D項(xiàng)“可能不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”表述與文章不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C:consumption“消費(fèi)”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐后w，吸收了周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這種吸收產(chǎn)生了周圍的人工寒冷。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里所指的是吸熱，因此A最合適。

13.單選題

Thegovernmentwill（）theeconomynextyearanddevelopthetraderelationswithothercountriesquickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abuse

B.amount

C.accumulate

D.accelerate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：明年，政府將（）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，并且快速同其他國家發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。abuse濫用，虐待；amount總計(jì)，合計(jì)；accumulate積累，積聚；accelerate促進(jìn)；（使）加快。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Altruism,otherwiseknownashelpingbehavior,canbedefinedasbehaviorthatpromotesthewellbeingofotherswithoutconsciouslytakingaccountofself-interest.Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthe（

）ownwelfare”,while“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingthe（

）welfare”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helper’s...other’s

B.other’s...helper’s

C.helper’s...another’s

D.another’s...other’s

【答案】A

【解析】考查代詞用法。表語空格處句意：利己主義者關(guān)心的是施助者的利益，利他主義者則關(guān)注他人的利益。先排除B和D選項(xiàng)。another“另一個(gè)”，不與定冠詞the連用，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerated

B.ignored

C.scrutinized

D.increased

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。exaggerate“夸大；夸張”；ignore“駁回訴訟；忽視”；scrutinize“詳細(xì)檢查；細(xì)看”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：在駁斥環(huán)境災(zāi)難即將來臨的斷言時(shí)，她的書沒有嘲笑所有關(guān)于災(zāi)難的預(yù)測，相反卻聲稱損害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在很多情況下被夸大了。由butratherclaims可知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折，意思應(yīng)與前句相反。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?

Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(認(rèn)知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.

Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”

Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.

Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson’sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.

Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethat