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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)賽恩斯新醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.
1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?
2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.
5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.
B.Thesecondlanguage.
C.Theforeignlanguage.
D.Secondlanguageacquisition.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.
B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.
C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.
D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework
B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.
C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework
D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework
B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.
C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.
D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.InsideSLA
B.OutsideSLA
C.FutureofSLA
D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.(第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)之間的區(qū)別在于第二語言習(xí)得領(lǐng)域可能導(dǎo)致困惑,第二語言習(xí)得是應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的一個(gè)分支學(xué)科,旨在了解人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)第二語言以及影響他們語言學(xué)習(xí)的因素)可知選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.(第二語習(xí)得研究不僅研究第二語言學(xué)習(xí),而且也研究任何外語、第三或第四語言學(xué)習(xí))可知選B。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.(由于語言學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)雜性,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二語習(xí)得著作通常把在同樣的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí))可知D選項(xiàng)“第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)一直沒有在不同的的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.(當(dāng)然,我們知道學(xué)習(xí)第三語言并不一定等同于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言)可知D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)第三語言不一定等于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言”符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了第二語言習(xí)得(SLA)研究的內(nèi)容與目的,根據(jù)文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.(隨著研究的深入,第三語言或第四語言習(xí)得的理論框架將逐漸形成)可知C選項(xiàng)“第二語言習(xí)得的未來”符合題意。
2.單選題
Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.
Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.
Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.
CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.
Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.
1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof(
).
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
(
).
3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?
4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay
(
).
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.therichcountries
B.scientificdevelopment
C.theelite
D.theworldeconomy
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded
B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration
C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased
D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.
B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries
C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.
D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.hindertheirindustrialproduction
B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade
C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports
D.costthemtheireconomicindependence
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.positive
B.ritical
C.indifferent
D.tolerant
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能,這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制,而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”(Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots),由此可知,高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國家的利益不斷增加,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對于那些看得見未來的人來說,計(jì)算機(jī)、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活;但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對窮人的影響(forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor),由此可知貧困國家的利益并沒有得到重視,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能,這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制,而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”(Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots),由此可知,由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)使得全球市場掌控在富裕國家手中,因而貧窮國家的利益將會(huì)受到損害,選項(xiàng)A符題意。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國家對自己命運(yùn)的掌控越來越少,為了重新獲得控制權(quán),它們會(huì)考慮通信現(xiàn)代化(“developmentcommunications”modernization),但是這樣做的后果是會(huì)導(dǎo)致長期依賴和對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約(Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies),由此可知選項(xiàng)D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的代價(jià)”符合題意。
第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的負(fù)面影響,作者對此是持否定態(tài)度的,因此,選項(xiàng)B“批判的”符合題意。
3.單選題
Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Always
B.plastics
C.tohave
D.amultitudeof
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)題意,A選項(xiàng)句首應(yīng)該為eversince“自從”,句意:自從發(fā)明了電影膠片,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料有很多商業(yè)和工業(yè)的用途。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
4.單選題
Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom,not
B.inquiredwhat
C.unusualabout
D.seemednottowant
E.沒有錯(cuò)誤
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞誤用。將unusual改為special。句意:我提醒他,我們要求入住的是普通間,而不是專用房,并且,當(dāng)我詢問我們的房間有什么特殊時(shí),他似乎不想回答。unusual不尋常的;不平常的。special特別的;專門的。
5.單選題
Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectedincreasedtax().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.efficiency
B.revenues
C.privileges
D.validity
【答案】B
【解析】efficiency效率;revenue收入,稅收;privilege特權(quán),特免;validity有效性,合法性。句意:城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃局表示,下一年的財(cái)政前景是樂觀的,他們期望能夠增加稅收收入。
6.單選題
Behaviorisoneoftwogeneralresponsesavailabletoendothermic(warm-blooded)speciesfortheregulationofbodytemperature,theotherbeinginnate(reflexive)mechanismsofheatproductionandheatloss.Humanbeingsrelyprimarilyonthefirsttoprovideahospitablethermalmicroclimateforthemselves,inwhichthetransferofheatbetweenthebodyandtheenvironmentisaccomplishedwithminimalinvolvementofinnatemechanismsofheatproductionandloss.Thermoregulatorybehavioranticipateshyperthermia,andtheorganismadjustsitsbehaviortoavoidbecominghyperthermic:itremoveslayersofclothing,itgoesforacoolswim,etc.Theorganismcanalsorespondtochangesinthetemperatureofthebodycore,asisthecaseduringexercise;butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistributedwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem,andtheabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.
Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.Afterall,theargumentruns,microwavesareradiationandheatbodytissues.Thistheoryignoresthefactthatthestimulustoabehavioralresponseisnormallyatemperaturechangethatoccursatthesurfaceoftheorganism.Thethermoreceptorsthatpromptbehavioralchangesarelocatedwithinthefirstmillimeteroftheskin’ssurface,buttheenergyofamicrowavefieldmaybeselectivelydepositedindeeptissues,effectivelybypassingthesethermoreceptors,particularlyifthefieldisatnear-resonantfrequencies.Theresultingtemperatureprofilemaywellbeakindofreversethermalgradientinwhichthedeeptissuesarewarmedmorethanthoseofthesurface.Sincetheheatisnotconductedoutwardtothesurfacetostimulatetheappropriatereceptors,theorganismdoesnot“appreciate”thisstimulationinthesamewaythatit“appreciates”heatingandcoolingoftheskin.Intheory,theinternalorgansofahumanbeingorananimalcouldbequiteliterallycookedwell-donebeforetheanimalevenrealizesthatthebalanceofitsthermomicroclimatehasbeendisturbed.
Untilafewyearsago,microwaveirradiationsatequivalentplane-wavepowerdensitiesofabout100mW/cm2wereconsideredunequivocallytoproduce“thermal”effects;irradiationswithintherangeof10to100mW/cm2mightormightnotproduce“thermal”effects;whileeffectsobservedatpowerdensitiesbelow10mW/cm2wereassumedtobe“nonthermal”innature.Experimentshaveshownthistobeanoversimplification,andarecentreportsuggeststhatfieldsasweakas1mW/cm2canbethermogenic.Whentheheatgeneratedinthetissuesbyanimposedradiofrequency(plustheheatgeneratedbymetabolism)exceedstheheat-losscapabilitiesoftheorganism,thethermoregulatorysystemhasbeencompromised.Yetsurprisingly,notlongago,anincreaseintheinternalbodytemperaturewasregardedmerelyas“evidence”ofathermaleffect.
1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
2.Theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingpointsaboutinnatemechanismsforheatproduction?
3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortotakeupintheparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection?
4.Theauthor’sstrategyinlines39-42isto(
).
5.Theauthorimpliesthattheproponentsofthetheorythatmicrowaveradiationactsonorganismsinthesamewayasotherformsofradiationbasedtheirconclusionsprimarilyon(
).
6.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas(
).
7.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.showingthatbehaviorisamoreeffectivewayofcontrollingbodilytemperaturethaninnatemechanisms
B.criticizingresearcherswhowillnotdiscardtheirtheoriesabouttheeffectsofmicrowaveradiationonorganisms
C.demonstratingthateffectsofmicrowaveradiationaredifferentfromthoseofotherformsofradiation
D.analyzingthemechanismbywhichanorganismmaintainsitsbodilytemperatureinachangingthermalenvironment
E.discussingtheimportanceofthermoreceptorsinthecontroloftheinternaltemperatureofanorganism
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Ionly
B.IandIIonly
C.IandIIIonly
D.IIandIIIonly
E.I,II,andIII
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Asuggestionfornewresearchtobedoneontheeffectsofmicrowavesonanimalsandhumanbeings
B.Ananalysisofthedifferencesbetweenmicrowaveradiation
C.Aproposalthattheuseofmicrowaveradiationbeprohibitedbecauseitisdangerous
D.Asurveyoftheliteratureontheeffectsofmicrowaveradiationonhumanbeings
E.Adiscussionofthestrategiesusedbyvariousspeciestocontrolhyperthermia
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.introduceahypotheticalexampletodramatizeapoint
B.proposeanexperimenttotestascientifichypothesis
C.citeacasestudytoillustrateageneralcontention
D.produceacounterexampletodisproveanopponent’stheory
E.speculateabouttheprobableconsequencesofascientificphenomenon
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.laboratoryresearch
B.unfoundedassumption
C.controlgroupsurveys
D.deductivereasoning
E.causalinvestigation
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.genialandconversational
B.alarmedanddisparaging
C.facetiousandcynical
D.scholarlyandnoncommittal
E.scholarlyandconcerned
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.pointingoutweaknessesinapopularscientifictheory
B.developingahypothesistoexplainascientificphenomenon
C.reportingonnewresearchontheeffectsofmicrowaveradiation
D.criticizingtheresearchmethodsofearlierinvestigators
E.clarifyingambiguitiesintheterminologyusedtodescribeaphenomenon
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
第6題:E
第7題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文,發(fā)現(xiàn)作者討論的重點(diǎn)是微波輻射產(chǎn)生的影響不同于其他種類的輻射。從而得出本題答案。
2.細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“innatemechanismsforheatproduction”將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段。“butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistributedwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem(但這種反應(yīng)是由分布在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的熱感受器的直接刺激引起的)”與I對應(yīng);“theabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.(這些機(jī)制幫助有機(jī)體適應(yīng)其環(huán)境的巨大變化的能力是有限的。)”與II對應(yīng)。從而得出本題答案。
3.
細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“takeupintheparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段。根據(jù)“Yetsurprisingly,notlongago,anincreaseintheinternalbodytemperaturewasregardedmerelyas“evidence”ofathermaleffect.(然而,令人驚訝的是,就在不久前,體內(nèi)溫度的升高還僅僅被視為熱效應(yīng)的“證據(jù)”。)”即可得出本題答案。
4.
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干,定位到原文對應(yīng)部分,即可得出本題答案。
5.
細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“microwaveradiationinthesameway”“otherformsofradiation”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段第一句。“Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.(直到最近,人們還認(rèn)為生物體對微波輻射的反應(yīng)與它們對其他形式輻射引起的溫度變化的反應(yīng)是一樣的。)”即可得出本題答案。
6.
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文,可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者行文時(shí)十分注重相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)研究,用詞十分專業(yè),并且對該問題十分關(guān)注。從而得出本題答案。
7.主旨大意題。通讀全文,發(fā)現(xiàn)作者全篇討論的是一個(gè)著名的科學(xué)理論,尤其是該理論的缺點(diǎn)及不足。從而得出本題答案。
7.寫作題
Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.
【答案】略
8.單選題
Thisyoungman,()withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obsessed
B.negotiated
C.compromised
D.provided
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。obsessedwith沉迷于;negotiatedwith與…協(xié)商;compromisedwith向(某人)妥協(xié);providedwith給…提供。句意:這個(gè)年輕人貪圖物質(zhì)上的滿足,只關(guān)心錢。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
9.單選題
Ahundreddollarswillbe(
)tobuyahomecomputer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.efficient
B.sufficient
C.effective
D.proficient
【答案】B
【解析】句意:100美元足以買一臺(tái)家用電腦。選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)符合句意。
10.單選題
Ournewfirm()foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.havelooked
B.arelooking
C.islooking
D.look
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我們的新公司正在尋找一個(gè)可靠的、有進(jìn)取心的、有很強(qiáng)技能的人來填補(bǔ)這個(gè)職位。填空處應(yīng)填入單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
11.單選題
Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent()oftheworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.impressions
B.complications
C.foundations
D.conceptions
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象,觀感”;B選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥”;C選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ),房建”;D選項(xiàng)conceptions“懷孕,概念,設(shè)想”。句意:來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的()。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“不同的人對世界有不同的看法”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
Eyewitnessesdonotalwaysrecalleventsasthey________actually.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.arehappening
B.willhappen
C.happened
D.wouldhappen
【答案】C
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);B選項(xiàng)一般將來時(shí);C一般過去時(shí);D過去將來時(shí)。句子意思:目擊者的回憶不總是事情的全貌(眼見不一定為實(shí)),從句的謂語發(fā)生在主句謂語recall之前的,而這里的recall是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以我們得選一般過去時(shí),答案選C。
13.單選題
()occasionaldifferencesofopinion,RonandPaulgetalongverywell.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Exceptfor
B.Outof
C.Inspiteof
D.Inadditionto
【答案】C
【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)Exceptfor“除了...以外”;B選項(xiàng)Outof“由于”;C選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“盡管,不顧”;D選項(xiàng)Inadditionto“除...之外,還有...”。句意:盡管偶爾意見有分歧,但羅恩和保羅相處得很好。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
14.單選題
Westernmovieshavebeensuchfavoritesthattheyhave____thepublic’sconceptionofwhatthewesternworldis.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.changed
B.dominated
C.constructed
D.complicated
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.changed改變B.dominated控制;支配;主導(dǎo)
C.constructed組成;創(chuàng)建;構(gòu)建D.complicated使復(fù)雜化
【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接
【解題思路】句意:西方電影是如此受歡迎,以至于它們____公眾對西方世界的概念。由此可知,空格處所填詞的賓語是“概念”,并且填它是“西方電影是如此受歡迎”的結(jié)果。公眾們喜歡看西方的電影,通過電影形成了對西方世界的認(rèn)識(shí),C選項(xiàng)constructed“組成;創(chuàng)建;構(gòu)建”符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義邏輯。
【句意】西方電影是如此受歡迎,以至于它們構(gòu)建了公眾對西方世界的概念。
15.單選題
Whenhelefthighschool,he()togotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangetajobstraightaway.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.opted
B.forwent
C.indulged
D.excelled
【答案】A
【解析】詞義辨析題。opt選擇,opttodosth.指選擇做某事;forwent摒棄,放棄;indulge沉溺,放縱,后面一般接介詞in;excelled超過,一般與at或in搭配。句意:高中畢業(yè)后,他選擇上大學(xué)攻讀學(xué)位,而不是直接找工作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
16.翻譯題
2.Iclimbedheightsinordertoseethesplendidgranitemountaininitsfullestview.InthisexperienceIhadbeenseekingtheaesthetic.IknewIwouldfindit,forIhadseenpostcardsinadvanceandwasfollowingthemap.Theseekingtookconsiderableeffortandtime.Itwasaheavyinvestment.Iwasnotgoingforthescientificpurposeofstudyingrockformation,orwasitfortherecreationalpurposeofexercisingmylimbsinthefreshair,thoughthatexertionaddedintensitytotheexperienceandwasitscontext.
【答案】2.為了飽覽壯麗的花崗巖山峰的全景,我登上了高地。這次旅程中我一直在捕捉一種美感。我知道會(huì)如愿以償,因?yàn)槲沂孪瓤催^一些有關(guān)的風(fēng)景明信片,循著山路示意圖一路找來。這樣的尋找費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,投入頗大。盡管這次跋涉加深了我對美的體驗(yàn),而且是這番體驗(yàn)的不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié),但我此行的目的既不是出于對科學(xué)的動(dòng)機(jī)來研究巖石的結(jié)構(gòu),也不是出于娛樂消遣的考慮在清新的空氣中舒展肢體。
17.單選題
Everypossiblemeans(
)tried,butthereisnoresult.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.havebeen
B.hasbeen
C.willbe
D.were
【答案】B
【解析】考查語法。主語為“everypossiblemeans”為單數(shù),故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而且means與try之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故B項(xiàng)正確。句意:所有可行的辦法都嘗試了,但仍然沒有用。
18.單選題
Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bacteria
B.constituents
C.erosion
D.contexts
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bacteria“細(xì)菌”;B選項(xiàng)constituents“成分”;C選項(xiàng)erosion“侵蝕,腐蝕”;D選項(xiàng)contexts“環(huán)境,上下文”。句意:科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter(物質(zhì))可推測與其搭配的是constituents。結(jié)合句意,A選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)都可排除。D選項(xiàng)contexts(環(huán)境)也不能與matter(物質(zhì))搭配,因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
19.填空題
Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.
Herethereportsonhisfindings.
SectionA
Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.
SectionB
Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.
SectionC
Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”
SectionD
Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.
SectionE
Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.
Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.
Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.
Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.
SectionF
Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes22-26onyouranswersheet.
Whatstepsshouldschoolstaketoreducebullying?
Themostimportantstepisfortheschoolauthoritiestoproducea(1)whichmakestheschool’sattitudetowardsbullyingquiteclear.Itshouldincludedetailed(2)astohowtheschoolanditsstaffwillreactifbullyingoccurs.
Inaddition,actioncanbetakenthroughthe(3).Thisisparticularlyusefulintheearlypartoftheprocess,asawayofraisingawarenessandencouragingdiscussion.Onitsown,however,itisinsufficienttobringaboutapermanentsolution.
Effectiveworkcanalsobedonewithindividualpupilsandsmallgroups.Forexample,potential(4)ofbullyingcanbetrainedtobemoreself-confident.Oragain,indealingwithgroupbullying,a“noblame”approach,whichavoidsconfrontingtheoffendertoodirectly,isofteneffective.
Playgroundsupervisionwillbemoreeffectiveifmem
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