考研考博-英語-惠州城市職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州城市職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenyoustudyintheUnitedStates,usuallyyouhavetobuyyourownhealth（）.

問題1選項

A.insurance

B.expense

C.evidence

D.assurance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項insurance“保險，保險費”。B選項expense“損失，代價”。C選項evidence“證據(jù)，證明”。D選項assurance“保證，擔保”。句意：當你在美國學習時，通常你必須自己購買健康保險。因此A選項符合題意。

2.問答題

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】試題答案：A;By

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學家這個詞，我們說的是一個……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。

3.單選題

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

問題1選項

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。forthepurposeof“為了……目的”；B和C選項形式不正確；forthefunof“為了享受”。句意：企業(yè)和政府管理者經(jīng)常推行“整潔的辦公室”政策，以避免混亂的辦公室和凌亂的桌子，……提高工作效率和生產(chǎn)力。因此選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Sheisfreezingcold.

B.Sheiscrazyabouticecream.

C.Shehasaheadache.

D.Shehasbrainfever.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Don’teaticecreamsofast.

W:Toolate.I’vealreadyhaveabrainfreeze.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：I’vealreadyhaveabrainfreeze，即她已經(jīng)頭痛了。

5.寫作題

Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsaboutyourviewpointstoopiniononthewritingclassforthePHDstudents.

【答案】

MyViewpointstoWritingClassforPhDStudents

6.單選題

Themeasuresarelittlemorethan____thatwillfadefastonceinvestorstakeahardlookatthem.

問題1選項

A.blindfaith

B.windowdressing

C.goodimpression

D.winningimage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“blindfaith”，意為“盲目的信念”；B選項“windowdressing”，意為“裝點門面”；C選項“goodimpression”，意為“好的印象”；D選項“winningimage”意為“贏者的形象”，句意：這些措施不過是裝點門面，一旦投資者仔細觀察，它們很快就會消失。因此，B選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Yourfailureinthefinalexaminationisduetothefactthatyoudidn’t______enoughimportancetoyourEnglish.

問題1選項

A.put

B.attach

C.render

D.place

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項put“放，賦予”，B項attach“貼上，系上”，C項render“回報，援助”，D項place“放置，寄予”。根據(jù)空格后的關鍵詞importance“重要性”可知，attachimportancetosth.固定搭配，表示“重視”。句意：你期末考試不及格是由于你對英語不夠重視。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

8.單選題

______youpromiseyouwillworkhard,______supportyoutocollege.

問題1選項

A.Ifonly…willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif…willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。Onlyif…will“只有……才”，onlyif條件從句在句子前面，中間無逗號時主句要倒裝，所以C選項“Onlyif…willI”正確。句意：只有你承諾會努力學習，我才會支持你上大學。其余選項不符合語法規(guī)則，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.

問題1選項

A.safeguard

B.assure

C.guard

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】safeguard保護，保衛(wèi)；assure保證，確保；guard防衛(wèi)；guarantee保證，擔保。safeguard...from...為固定搭配，表示“保護...使免于...”，句意：工作的時候定期存錢，有助于老年時期免受貧困之苦。選項A符合句意。

10.翻譯題

英語現(xiàn)在是60多個國家使用的官方或半官方語言。他是書報出版、科學技術(shù)，廣告和通俗音樂、計算機信息存儲所使用的主要國際語言。今天有4億多以英語為母語，另外大約有4億人使用英語作為第二語言，至少還有5億人把英語作為外語使用。

【答案】Englishisnowtheofficialorhalf-officiallanguageinmorethan60countries.Itistheimportantinternationallanguageusedinpublication,scientifictechnology,advertising,popularmusicandstorageofcomputerinformation.Nowadays,morethan400,000,000peopleuseEnglishastheirmothertongue,whileanother400,000,000useitastheirsecondlanguage,with500,000,000peopleusingitasaforeignlanguage.

11.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問題1選項

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，輕率的”，B項stubborn“頑固的，頑強的”，C項tiresome“煩人的，無聊的”，D項unscientific“不科學的，不符合科學原理的”。句意：按照今天的標準，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因為他們重復種植同一種作物，幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此，該題選擇A項。

12.問答題

Americanshavealwayshadafascinationwiththeunderworldsocietypopulatedbythose

A

whoopenlyresistedthelawsofdominantsocietyandinsteadcreatingtheirownworld,livingby

B

C

D

theirownrules.

【答案】試題答案：C;created

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句子的and可知連接的是兩個并列成分，因此時態(tài)形式要保持一致。and前面的resisted為過去式，故creating改為過去式created。

13.單選題

Thechildrensinginganddancingonthemeadowmadeacharmingspectacle.

問題1選項

A.tool

B.glasses

C.scenery

D.sight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項tool“工具”；B選項glasses“眼鏡”；C選項scenery“景色”；D選項sight“視力”。句意：孩子們在草地上唱歌和跳舞，構(gòu)成了一幅迷人的景象。劃線部分spectacle是景象的意思。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

The（

）thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問題1選項

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendment

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。contribution“貢獻”；occupation“職業(yè)；占有”；expostulation“勸告”；amendment“修正；改善”。句意：她建議討論的修正案要基于最近的醫(yī)學研究。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproducesintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof

（

）.

5.Thewords"priorto"(Para.2)probablymean（

）.

問題1選項

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

問題2選項

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

問題3選項

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowaskingeconomicuseofwastes

問題4選項

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

問題5選項

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出未來的水問題將變得更加嚴重和復雜，尤其是污水問題。接下來在二三段主要講解決污水問題的方法。所以本文主要的目的是為了讓人們了解污水問題，選項C正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“..increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.”可知選項B和C有涉及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.”可知選項D有涉及。只有選項A在文中沒有信息提及。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.”其他行業(yè)正在探索廢棄產(chǎn)物的潛在經(jīng)濟用途。選項D與原文表述一致。

4.判斷推理題。從全文來看，作者只是在表達個人的觀點以及陳述個人觀察的結(jié)果:介紹水污染及其解決辦法，所以選項B正確。

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”應該是在“disposal”之前，所以選項C正確。

16.單選題

Manymanufacturerswereaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyoncostreduction,oftenatthe______ofthequalityoftheirproducts.

問題1選項

A.expense

B.exposure

C.expansion

D.expectation

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof“以……為代價”。句意：很多生產(chǎn)商被指控過于集中在降低成本，而以產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量為代價。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

Heisofteninclinedto（

）inotherpeople’saffairs,whichisnoneofhisbusiness.

問題1選項

A.manipulated

B.lumbered

C.meddle

D.littered

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:他總是喜歡插手別人的事，那些事跟他毫無關系。

manipulate操縱；操作；巧妙地處理；篡改。lumber緩慢吃力地移動;笨拙地行進;迫使擔負(職責等)。meddle管閑事;干涉;干預;瞎搞，亂弄(尤指不應管或不懂的事物)。littern.亂丟；給...墊褥草；把...弄得亂七八糟;亂扔廢棄物。

18.單選題

Todeveloplightindustryinabigway（）toimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.

問題1選項

A.owes

B.attributes

C.distributes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項owesto...歸功于，因為B選項attributesto把……歸功于；C選項distributesto分銷，分發(fā)給；D選項contributesto對……有貢獻，有好處。根據(jù)句意可知，大力發(fā)展輕工業(yè)有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D項正確。

19.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問題1選項

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進。但是希望更讓人信服，當我們有理由去相信的時候。選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故選D。

21.單選題

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問題1選項

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wouldrather后接句子時，句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿＞湟猓何覍幵改阕疖嚾?，因為我無法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機的想法。動詞go的一般過去式為went，故選A。

22.單選題

Thebartenderwalkedout______thecounterandbegantodrivethedrunkoutofthebar.

問題1選項

A.frombefore

B.fromunder

C.frombehind

D.fromacross

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項before“在……之前”；B選項under“在……下面”；C選項behind“在……后面”；D選項across“穿過”。句意：酒保從柜臺后面走出來，開始把那個醉漢趕出酒吧。本句表示從柜臺后面走出來。因此C選項正確。

23.單選題

Therebelarmy（）thedemocraticgovernmentofthecountrylawlessly.

問題1選項

A.overthrew

B.overtook

C.overturned

D.overruled

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；趕上”；overturned“推翻；傾覆”；overruled“駁回；否決”，根據(jù)rebelarmy“叛軍”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此處應該是指叛軍推翻了民主政府，所以答案從選項A和選項C之間選；overturn主要是指某種具體事物在位置上的顛倒，或者是指推翻某種已有的理論或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某種制度或者機構(gòu)，所以此處用overthrow比較恰當，故正確答案為選項A。

24.單選題

Doyouforgettoturnofffilelightsandheaterswhenyougooutofaroom?In2040itwillnotmater.Theywillturnthemselvesoff—andonagainwhenyoureturn.Youwillchoosethetemperatureforeachroom,thelightingandthehumidity.Asensorwilldetectthepresenceofahuman(and,withluck,ignorethedog!)andturnthesystemson,andwhenthehumansleaveitwillturnthemoffagain.

Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputer,andtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.Theywilldetectfaultyelectricalappliances,plugsorswitches,isolatethemsothattheycannotharmanyone,andthenwarnyouthattheyneedrepair.Theywilldetectfireandifyouareoutofthehouse,thecomputerwillcallthefirebrigade.Itwillalsocallthepoliceshouldthesensorsdetectanintruder.Thiswillnotbedifficultbecausethelocksontheoutsidedoorswillbeelectronic.Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberknownonlytoyou.

Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey,andahousebreakerwillhavetotamperwiththelockorwithawindow.Itisnotverydifficulttomakesuchtamperingsendasignaltothecomputer.

Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman—policeman-servant.Itwillbeanentertainer,andmostofyourentertainmentwillcomerightintoyourhome.Itdoesnow,ofcourse,butby2040“entertainment”willmeanmuchmore.Foronething,youwillbeabletotakepartactively,ratherthanjustwatching.

51.Theauthorintendstotellusthat______.

52.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

53.Accordingtotheauthor,in2040,newtechnology______.

54.Thankstocomputers,in2040people______.

55.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.

問題1選項

A.in2040wewilllivewithoutthelightsandheaters

B.in2040wewillusemuchmorelightsandheaters

C.in2040therewillbenoswitchesoflightsandheaters

D.in2040lightsandheaterswillbeonandoffautomatically

問題2選項

A.Thesensorismulti-functional.

B.Withoutacomputer,thesensorcannotdomuch.

C.Thesensorwilldetectfireandmakeanemergencycall.

D.Youcanbetakenforanintruderifyoutamperwiththelockorwithawindow.

問題3選項

A.willfreeusfromthekeysweusetoday

B.willturneverythingintosensors

C.willmakethelocksoutofdate

D.willeliminateallcrimes

問題4選項

A.willhavenoentertainmentoutside

B.willreplaceTVwithcomputers

C.willbecontrolledbycomputers

D.willhavemorefunathome

問題5選項

A.SensorsandComputers

B.LifeatHomeintheYear2040

C.TheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnology

D.LightsandHeatersintheYear2040

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者想要告訴我們……”。根據(jù)文章開篇第二、三句In2040itwillnotmater.Theywillturnthemselvesoff—andonagainwhenyoureturn.（到了2040年，這就不重要了。它們會自動關閉，當你回來的時候再打開）可知，作者想要告訴我們到了2040年，電燈和熱水器會自動打開和關閉，因此D項“2040年，電燈和加熱器將會自動開關”正確。A項“2040年，我們將生活在沒有燈和暖氣的情況下”，B項“到2040年，我們將使用更多的燈和加熱器”和C項“2040年將不再有電燈和暖氣的開關”，都不對，故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪一項是錯誤的？”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputer,andtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.（傳感器將通過中央家庭計算機工作，它們將做更多的事情，而不僅僅是為你打開和關閉火和燈）可知，傳感器是多功能的，而且如果沒有計算機，傳感器做不了多少事情；由此可知A項“傳感器是多功能的”和B項“沒有計算機，傳感器不能做很多事情”正確；C項“傳感器將探測到火災并發(fā)出緊急呼叫”，根據(jù)第二段第三句Theywilldetectfireandifyouareoutofthehouse,thecomputerwillcallthefirebrigade.（它們會探測到火災，如果你不在家，電腦就會呼叫消防隊）可知，C項也正確；D項“如果你亂動門鎖或窗戶，你會被認為是入侵者”，第四段提到Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey,andahousebreakerwillhavetotamperwiththelockorwithawindow.Itisnotverydifficulttomakesuchtamperingsendasignaltothecomputer.（鑰匙是不可能丟的，而破門而入的人就得在鎖上或窗戶上亂動。要使這種篡改行為向計算機發(fā)送信號并不困難），這里只是說如果有闖入者，那么他需要破解門窗鎖的密碼，這種破解會很輕易地被電腦感知到；而不是說如果你要改變門窗鎖你就會被當作闖入者。所以D項不對。故該題選D。

53.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，到2040年新科技會……”。A項“將把我們從現(xiàn)在的使用鑰匙中解放出來”，第二段最后一句Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberknownonlytoyou.（您將使用您的個人卡——購物時使用的那張——打開它們，可能使用的號碼只有您自己知道）可知，到2040年人們將不再使用鑰匙來開鎖，所以A項正確；B項“將一切都變成傳感器”，文中沒有提到，且該項太絕對；C項“會使門鎖過時”，文中只是說不需要鎖了，沒有說門鎖過時，所以項也不選；D項“將消除所有犯罪”，新科技可以更好的增強防御系統(tǒng)，但是不能消除所有犯罪，太絕對，該項錯誤。故該題選A。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“由于有計算機，到2040年人們將……”。最后一段講到Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman—policeman-servant.Itwillbeanentertainer,andmostofyourentertainmentwillcomerightintoyourhome.Itdoesnow,ofcourse,butby2040“entertainment”willmeanmuchmore.（計算機將不僅僅是一個消防員和警察的仆人。它將是一個娛樂，你的大部分娛樂將直接進入你的家。當然，現(xiàn)在是這樣，但到2040年，“娛樂”的意義將大得多），由此可知電腦可以在家里提供給人們更多的娛樂；而沒說人們不能出門娛樂，或不需要電視，或者被電腦控制，因此A項“在外面沒有娛樂”，B項“將用電腦取代電視”和C項“將被計算機控制”均錯誤；只有D項“在家里會有更多的樂趣”符合題意。故該題選D。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的題目是……”。全文講的是2040年科技發(fā)展給人們家居生活帶來的便利。A項“傳感器和計算機”，題目太大，過于總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容；B項“2040年的家庭生活”很好的概括了文章的內(nèi)容，符合題意；C項“科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展”偏離了文章主旨；D項“2040年的燈和加熱器”過于狹窄，不能表達技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新對生活品質(zhì)的提升。故該題選B。

25.單選題

WhenmyKoreanfriendstalksoccer,historyandterritorialdisputeswithJapan,they________withpatriotism.

問題1選項

A.brim

B.deal

C.tangle

D.boggle

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.brim滿溢，盛滿B.deal應對，處理

C.tangle纏結(jié)，糾結(jié)D.boggle猶豫不決，使困惑

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“patriotism（愛國主義）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，并且要能夠和with搭配。when引導了一個時間狀語從句，表示“當我的韓國朋友談論到足球（soccer）、歷史（history）和與日本的領土爭端（territorialdisputes）的時候”，足球、歷史和領土爭端都是能激起人們愛國情感的話題，由此可知他們在談論這些話題時心中會充滿著愛國之情。brim指完全充滿某物，brimwith是固定搭配，意為“滿溢，洋溢”，因此A選項brim“滿溢，盛滿”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項deal“應對，處理”，dealwith指在特定的情況下采取適當?shù)男袆踊蚪鉀Q問題，不能和“patriotism（愛國主義）”進行搭配；

C選項tangle“纏結(jié)，糾結(jié)”，tanglewith指卷入與某人的爭論或打斗中，不能和“patriotism（愛國主義）”進行搭配；

D選項boggle“猶豫不決，使困惑”指因驚訝或震驚而緩慢地做或接受某事，不能和with進行搭配。

【句意】當我的韓國朋友談論到足球、歷史和與日本的領土爭端時，他們滿懷愛國主義。

26.問答題

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

27.單選題

Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewithabsolutelyno（

）tobuy.

問題1選項

A.commitment

B.engagement

C.persuasion

D.preservation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。commitment“承諾，許諾”；engagement“訂婚，婚約，約會”；persuasion“勸說，說服”；preservation“保存，保留”。句意：可以在自己家里隨意試用本產(chǎn)品且根本不用承諾買該產(chǎn)品。A項符合題意。

28.單選題

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthe