考研考博-英語-中國民用航空飛行學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國民用航空飛行學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

問題1選項

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。impair“損害”；promote“促進”；accelerate“加速”；smash“擊碎，撞擊”。句意：繁重的工作以及營養(yǎng)不良損害了他的健康，他看起來瘦弱，臉色蒼白。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

問題1選項

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。premises“處所”；diversity“多樣性”；emission“散發(fā)”；engagement“訂婚”。句意：警察相信，這個小偷仍在他的住所。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|（

）toanothersubject.

問題1選項

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”；switchto…“轉(zhuǎn)換到...”；transmitto...“傳送到……”;favor不與tosth.搭配使用。句意：最開始演講者講述的是有關(guān)該國家環(huán)境污染的問題，但她演講到一半就突然轉(zhuǎn)到別的話題上去了。根據(jù)but和anothersubject“別的話題”可知，B項符合題意。故答案選B。

4.單選題

Ifelt___todeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman’sspeech.

問題1選項

A.fatigued

B.tired

C.exhausted

D.bored

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項fatigued“疲乏的；疲憊的；精疲力竭的（強調(diào)身體和心理都很疲倦）”；B選項tired“疲倦的（側(cè)重想睡覺或休息，需要休息，通常與醫(yī)學疾病有關(guān)）；厭倦的，厭煩的”；C選項exhausted“筋疲力盡的，疲憊不堪的（意味著你完全被耗盡了——身體上、精神上、情感上和社交上）；耗盡的，枯竭的”；D選項bored“無聊的；無趣的；煩人的”。句意：我___得要死，因為我一點也看不懂主席的講話。本句表達“我很無聊，因為聽不懂主席的講話”，因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.

問題1選項

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.suchto

D.asmuchasto

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項soasto“以便；以致”；B選項suchasto“達到這樣的程度以致”；C選項suchto，沒有這樣的搭配，可排除；D選項asmuchasto“就像是”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“annoyeverybody”（惹惱了所有人）可知，他的評論到達了很嚴重的程度以致惹惱所有人。句意：他的話讓會議上的每個人都很惱火。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Behindthe[A]aluminum’sversatility[B]liespropertiessodiversethat[C]theyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferent[D]metals.

問題1選項

A.aluminum’s

B.lies

C.they

D.metals

【答案】B

【解析】【答案】B

【考查點】主謂一致。

【解題思路】該句是介詞短語做狀語置于句首引起句子倒裝。主語為properties，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)，因此，應(yīng)將B選項改為lie。

【句意】在鋁的多功能性背后，是各種各樣的特性，它們幾乎像是屬于幾種不同的金屬。

7.單選題

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

問題1選項

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟練;expertise專門技術(shù);familiarity熟悉。句意：應(yīng)聘該職位必須具備以下條件:英語榮譽學位,速記和打字熟練,有一定的新聞工作經(jīng)驗。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Theamountofopenspacehas（

）asmoreandmorelandisdeveloped.

問題1選項

A.dominated

B.dwindled

C.dispersed

D.disseminated

【答案】B

【解析】dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢；dwindle減少，變?。籨isperse分散，傳播；disseminate散布，傳播。句意：隨著越來越多的土地被開發(fā)，開放空間的數(shù)量減少了。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

EversinceAntarcticexplorationbegan,menenteringonthefrozencontinenthavetakenforgrantedbeingcompletelycutofffromtherestofcivilization.Nowallthathaschanged.InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing—thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.

Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.Weflewinforanotherpatientin1964,andtwomorein1966.Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis—andofcourseatconsiderablerisk—duringthemonthswhen,traditionally,Antarcticaiscutofffromtheworld.But,ifwecouldgetinandoutsafelyinanemergency,whycouldwenotflyin—andwithgreatersafety—onaregular,plannedschedule?

Duringthesummer,NavyC-130sflybackandforthonroutineover-oceanflightsbetweentheDeepFreezeadvancebaseatChristchurch,NewZealandandMcMurdoStation,themainAmericanscientificbaseinAntarctica.Butalltheseflightsaremadeinbroad24hoursdaylight.Eveninsummer,flyingtoandfromAntarcticaishazardous.Amandowninthaticywatercouldliveonlyabout10minutes.Inwinter’sdarknessandmoreintensecoldness,theperilsaremultiplied.Anaircraftdownatseaoronthe“ice”(oureverydaytermforAntarctica)canbealothardertofindatnightthanindaylight.

Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.ScientistsworkinginuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavesummerfreeforresearch.Regularfly-insallowustodeliverthemandpickthemupintimetoresumetheiracademicduty.Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.BeforeJune1967,therewereregularlyscheduledflights______.

3.OurNavyflewin:whatwasspecialaboutthisflight?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

5.TheflightwaswelcomedbythemenintheAntarcticabecause______.

問題1選項

A.Thewriterwasaboardonhistory-makingairplaneflightsinJune,1967.

B.ASovietexchangescientistfellcriticallyillwhenIwasintheAntarctica.

C.JuneisthewinterintheAntarctica.

D.MytriptotheAntarcticawasthefirstregularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarctica.

問題2選項

A.onlyintheAntarcticsummer

B.onlyintheAntarcticwinter

C.inbothsummerandwinter

D.onlyonanemergencybasis

問題3選項

A.Asaresultofit,thesickmanrecovered.

B.ItwasintheAntarcticawinter.

C.Itwasaninternationalassistance—theU.S.wascomingtothehelpofaSovietscientist.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題4選項

A.ThewriterwasfrightenedbythehazardintheAntarctica.

B.ThewriterwasrestrainedbythecoldnessintheAntarctica.

C.ThewriterissuggestingopeninguptheAntarcticainwinter.

D.ThewriterwishestobeascientistworkingintheAntarctica.

問題5選項

A.itsendsmorecompanionstothem

B.theycanresumetheiracademicduty

C.theywillhaveachancetogetthenewsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends

D.theycangobackonthereturnflight

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“作者在1967年6月登上了創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機航班”，由原文InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機，A選項表述正確，排除A。C選項“六月是南極洲的冬天”，由原文InJune1967…thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（1967年6月……第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，六月是南極洲的冬天，C選項表述正確，排除C。D選項“我的南極之行是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班”，由原文thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班，D選項表述正確，排除D。B選項“我在南極洲時，一位蘇聯(lián)交換科學家病得很重”，由原文Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.（事情開始于1961年，當時一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學家在遙遠的伯德站過冬時得了重病。）可知，這位蘇聯(lián)科學家得病時作者還沒有去南極洲，B選項不符合原文，所以本題選B。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis（所有這些飛行都是在緊急情況下進行的），說明只有在緊急情況下才有飛往南極洲的航班。因此D選項“只在緊急情況下”正確。A選項“只有在南極洲的夏天”，B選項“只在南極洲的冬天”，C選項“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.（事情開始于1961年，當時一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學家在遙遠的伯德站過冬時得了重病。我們的海軍飛過去把他救了出來，他康復了。），所以A選項“它的結(jié)果是，那個病人康復了”，B選項“是在南極洲的冬天”，C選項“這是一次國際援助——美國來幫助一位蘇聯(lián)科學家”均屬于這次飛行的特點。因此D選項“以上都是”正確。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.（然而，盡管有這些危險，我們還是有充分的理由在冬天開放南極洲。），說明作者支持在冬天開放南極洲。因此C選項“作者建議在冬天開放南極洲”正確。A選項“作者被南極洲的危險嚇壞了”，B選項“作者被南極洲的寒冷所束縛”，由原文可知，作者認為人們可以克服南極洲冬天存在的困難，所以A,B錯誤。D選項“作者希望成為一名在南極洲工作的科學家”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

5.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.（顯然，這些飛行會受到冰天雪地里的人們的歡迎，也會鼓舞士氣，因為它們可以送來郵件和新鮮的食物。），說明飛行受到南極洲的人們歡迎的原因是它們可以送來郵件消息。因此C選項“他們有機會得到家人和朋友的消息”正確。A選項“送來了更多的同伴”，B選項“可以繼續(xù)他們的學術(shù)任務(wù)”，D選項“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

10.單選題

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming―anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobiastogeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans(see“AreYouTooAnxious?”).

Inrecentyears,however,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatishardwiredinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

—Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

—Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

—Duetoashortcutinourbrain’sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

—Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedelveintothelatestresearch,let’sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit’safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Evenmostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelingsastheyareabouthowtheirlungswork.Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat’seasytorecognize.Ratsfreezeinplace.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats’brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions(anexperimentthatwouldbeimpossibletoconductinhumans).Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat’sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenarat(we’llgettohumanslater)feelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat’ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回路徑)throughthecortex(腦皮層)wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesanalmond-shapedclusterofcellscalledtheamygdala(扁桃體).

What’sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquicklyactivatejustabouteverysysteminthebodytofightlikethedevilorrunlikecrazy.It’snotdesignedtobeaccurate,justfast.Ifyouhaveevergonehikingandbeenstartledbyasnakethatturnedouttobeastick,youcanthankyouramygdala.

Butwhiletheamygdalaisbusytellingthebodywhattodo,italsofiresupanearbycurvedclusterofneuronscalledthehippocampus(大腦側(cè)面室腦壁上的隆起物).(A16thcenturyanatomistnameditaftertheGreekwordforseahorse.)Thejobofthehippocampusistohelpthebrainlearnandformnewmemories.Andnotjustanymemories.Thehippocampusallowsarattorememberwhereitwaswhenitgotshockedandwhatwasgoingonarounditatthetime.Suchcontextuallearninghelpsthepoorrodentavoiddangerousplacesinthefuture.Itprobablyalsohelpsitrecognizewhatsituationsarelikelytoberelativelysafe.Thismakessense,intermsofsurvival.Afterall,it’sbettertopanicunnecessarilythantobetoorelaxedinthefaceoflife-threateningdanger.

Discoveringthisbasicneuralcircuitryturnedouttobeakeybreakthroughinunderstandinganxiety.Itshowedthattheanxietyresponseisn’tnecessarilycausedbyanexternalthreat;rather,itmaybetracedtoabreakdowninthemechanismthatsignalsthebraintostopresponding.Justasacarcangooutofcontrolduetoeitherastuckacceleratororfailedbrakes,it’snotalwaysclearwhichpartofthebrainisatfault.Itmayturnoutthatsomeanxietydisordersarecausedbyanoveractiveamygdala(theaccelerator)whileothersarecausedbyanunderactiveprefrontalcortex(callitthebrake).

Ofcourse,whatyouwouldreallyliketoknowiswhetheranyoftheworkdoneinratsappliestohumans.Clearlyresearcherscan’tgoaroundperformingbrainsurgeryontheamygdalasoflivingpatientstoseeifitaffectstheiranxietylevels.Butthefascinatingcaseofawomanknownonlybyherresearchnumber,SM046,suggeststhatwhenitcomestofear,rodentsandhominidsreallyaren’tsodifferent.

Owingtoanunusualbraindisorder,SM046hasadefectiveamygdala.Asaresult,herbehaviorisabnormalinaveryparticularway.WhenscientistsattheUniversityofIowashowSM046picturesofaseriesoffaces,shehasnotroublepickingoutthosethatarehappy,sadorangry.Butifthefaceisdisplayingfear,shecannotrecognizethefeeling.Sheidentifiesitasafaceexpressing,someintenseemotion,butthatisall.HerunusualconditionstronglysuggeststhateveninHomosapiens,feartakesholdintheamygdala.

Eventually,researcherswouldliketolearnwhatroleourgenes,asopposedtoourenvironment,playinthedevelopmentofanxiety.“Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatthesedisordersruninfamilies.”saysKennethKendler,apsychiatricgeneticistatVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinRichmond,Va.“Sothenextlogicalquestionisthenature-nurtureissue.”Inotherwords,areanxiouspeoplebornthatway,ordotheybecomeanxiousasaresultoftheirlifeexperiences?

Kendlerandhiscolleaguesapproachedthequestionbystudyinggroupsofidenticaltwins,whosharevirtuallyalltheirgenes,andfraternaltwins,who,likeanyothersiblings,shareonlysomeofthem.WhatKendler’sgroupfoundwasthatbothidenticaltwinsweresomewhatmorelikelythanbothfraternaltwinstosufferfromgeneralizedanxietydisorder,phobiasorpanicattacks.(Theresearchershavenotyetstudiedtwinswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderorobsessive-compulsivedisorder.)

Thecorrelationisn’t100%,however.“Mostoftheheritabilityisintherangeof30%to40%,”Kendlersays.That’safairlymoderategeneticimpact,henotes,“Yourgenessetyourgeneralvulnerability,”heconcludes.“Youcanbealow-vulnerable,intermediate-vulnerableorahigh-vulnerableperson.”Butyourupbringingandyourexperiencesstillhaveamajorroletoplay.Someonewithalowgeneticvulnerability,forexample,couldeasilydevelopafearofflyingaftersurvivingahorrificplanecrash.

Therearenoguidebookstotellyouwhenit’ssafetoventureoutagain.Inmanyways,thewholecountrywasmadepartofanunwittingexperimentinmassanxiety.Ourbrainsareevennowintheprocessofrewiringthemselves.Howsuccessfullywenavigatethisdelicatetransitionwilldependalotonourgenes,ourenvironmentandanyfutureattacks.

1.Anxietycanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhen（

）.

2.NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrom

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutfearisNOTtrue?

4.Generally,scientistsfindithardtostudyemotionsbecause

（

）.

5.Asfeartravelsthroughtherat'sbrain,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearby（

）.

問題1選項

A.thereisanobviouscauseofanxiety.

B.weknowwhywecanstopworrying

C.itpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediate

D.thereisadeadlinelooming.

問題2選項

A.terrorwarning

B.mentalillness

C.anxietydisorder

D.physicaldanger

問題3選項

A.Fearistheexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger.

B.Fearistheshort-termresponsestressesproduceinmen.

C.Fearhasalotofthesamesymptomsasanxiety.

D.Fearistheaspectofanxietythatiseasytorecognize.

問題4選項

A.theyarethenatureofhumanbeings

B.onlyfeariseasytorecognize

C.mostpeopleareasclueless

D.theyareslipperyandsubjective

問題5選項

A.studyingitsreactionafterbeingcutoffsomeportionsofbrain

B.sendingamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain

C.measuringitsbloodpressure

D.matchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming（這是焦慮的奧秘之一。雖然這是對身體危險的正常反應(yīng)，但在最后期限即將來臨的時候，它可以成為集中注意力的有用工具）可知選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的itafflicts19millionAmericans（它折磨著1,900萬美國人）可知句中的“it”指代前面提及的“Anxietydisorder”，因此選C。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第五段中的stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear（壓力是一種外部刺激，通常通過引起疼痛來發(fā)出危險信號。恐懼是短期反應(yīng)，這種壓力會在男性、女性或?qū)嶒炇依鲜笊砩袭a(chǎn)生。焦慮和恐懼有很多相同的癥狀。）和第六段中的Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize（但恐懼是焦慮的一方面，很容易識別）可知A表示不正確，根據(jù)題干中的“NOTtrue”，因此選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第六段中的Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.（一般來說，科學很難壓制情緒，因為它們天生就很滑和主觀）可知選D。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第七段中的Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.（通過努力將受損的區(qū)域與行為的變化相匹配，科學家們一點點地創(chuàng)造了一張在老鼠大腦中傳播的恐懼路線圖）可知D選項“將受損區(qū)域與行為變化相匹配”符合題意。

11.單選題

Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso（）.

問題1選項

A.beneficial

B.benefit

C.benefiting

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】考查同根詞辨析。A選項beneficial“有利的，有用的”；B選項benefit“使受益”；C選項benefiting“benefit的現(xiàn)在分詞”；D選項beneficent“有裨益的，慈善的”。句意：大多數(shù)人認為，研究另一個國家，及其社會和文化，不僅是有趣的，而且是有益的。這里考查benefit的各種變體，notonly…butalso連接fascinating(極有吸引力的，迷人的)和空格，因此空格處應(yīng)填入與fascinating相近且并列的詞，故選A。

12.單選題

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

問題2選項

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

問題3選項

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

問題4選項

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

問題5選項

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在發(fā)展中國家，為女孩提供教育保障的回報率很可能比其他任何投資都要高?！庇纱丝芍?，C選項rewarding“有回報的”符合原文。A選項troublesome“麻煩的”；B選項labor-saving“節(jié)省勞力的”；D選項expensive“昂貴的”，均不正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.這種預言變成了自我實現(xiàn)，使女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)?！边@一預言即破折號前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被認為不如男孩有價值，她們被關(guān)在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學”，由此可知，選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，作者通過列舉一個受過教育的母親的事例來闡述了惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)的情況。受過教育的母親不會有很多孩子，能夠顧及所有孩子的發(fā)展，確保她的女兒能夠得到公平（接受教育）的機會。因此，她女兒的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是說，只有當女孩能夠獲得平等接受教育的機會才能使惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)，所以選項B符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.幾乎沒有人會質(zhì)疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社會效益。但它同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢?！边@一觀點和首段第一句呼應(yīng)，由此可知，作者認為女性接受教育會產(chǎn)生比其他投資更大的回報。所以選項C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容以及上一題可知，作者一直在強調(diào)女性接受教育所產(chǎn)生的回報，不僅具有巨大的社會效益，同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢。所以本文主要討論的是婦女接受教育所帶來的經(jīng)濟和社會利益，選項D符合原文。

13.單選題

Americancitiesare(1)othercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthe(2)oftheculture.Citiescontainthevery(3)aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety:violentcrime,racialconflictandpoverty.Americancitiesarechanging,just(4)Americansociety.

AfterWorldWarII,thepopulationof(5)largeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcities(6).LosAngelesandHoustonarecities(7)populationincreased.Thesepopulationshiftstoandfromthecity(8)thechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Duringthistime,inthe(9)1940sandearly1950s,cityresidentsbecamewealthier,moreprosperous.Theyhadmorechildren.Theyneededmore(10).Theymovedouttheirapartmentsinthecity(11)theirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthe(12)areasnearacitywherepeoplelive.Theseareareas(13)manyofficesorfactories.Duringthe1950stheAmerican“dream”wastohaveahouseontheoutskirts.Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenow(14).They,(15)theirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.(16)continuetomovetocitiesintheSunBelt.Citiesare(17)andthepopulationisincreasinginsuchstatesasTexas,Florida,andCalifornia.Othersaremovingtomore(18)citiesoftheNorth-eastandMidwest,suchasBoston,BaltimoreandChicago.Manyyoungprofessionals,doctors,lawyers,andexecutivesaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecity(19)thesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;theyareafraidofthefuelshortage;ortheyjust(20)theexcitementandopportunitieswhichthecityoffers.Anewclassismovingintothecities—awealthier,moremobileclass.

問題1選項

A.differentfrom

B.similarto

C.betterthan

D.worsethan

問題2選項

A.values

B.worth

C.importance

D.expense

問題3選項

A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best

問題4選項

A.likely

B.as

C.while

D.when

問題5選項

A.all

B.most

C.few

D.much

問題6選項

A.increased

B.changed

C.decreased

D.lowered

問題7選項

A.its

B.which

C.where

D.that

問題8選項

A.become

B.reflect

C.gain

D.contain

問題9選項

A.late

B.later

C.lately

D.latter

問題10選項

A.space

B.spots

C.time

D.food

問題11選項

A.buying

B.buy

C.tobuy

D.bought

問題12選項

A.outskirts

B.downtown

C.districts

D.suburbs

問題13選項

A.without

B.with

C.within

D.from

問題14選項

A.managers

B.adults

C.parents

D.doctors

問題15選項

A.likely

B.like

C.dislike

D.unlike

問題16選項

A.Some

B.All

C.Several

D.Lotsof

問題17選項

A.stretching

B.widening

C.expanding

D.prolonging

問題18選項

A.organized

B.famous

C.official

D.established

問題19選項

A.than

B.betterthan

C.ratherthan

D.to

問題20選項

A.win

B.enjoy

C.earn

D.acquire

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

A.differentfrom不同于B.similarto與……相似，和……相同

C.betterthan超過，多于D.worsethan不如……，比……更差

【考查點】總結(jié)性關(guān)系。

【解題思路】該句為這一段的總結(jié)句，后面提到ineverycountry，然后講了社會好的