考研考博-英語-山西職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.

問題1選項

A.puton

B.putupwith

C.putoff

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推遲，扔掉，阻止；putout熄滅，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防隊員們奮戰(zhàn)了好幾天才把森林大火撲滅。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

（

）excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

問題1選項

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項theoretically“理論地，理論上”；B選項presumably“據(jù)推測，很可能，大概”；C選項incredibly“極其，難以置信地”；D選項practically“實際上，幾乎，差不多”。由ashasbeenproved（如已證實的那樣）可知前面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一種猜測比較符合邏輯，即證實推測。句意：據(jù)推測，過度食用油炸食品會造成嚴(yán)重后果，這已被證實。

3.單選題

（

）.acarknockedherdown.

問題1選項

A.Walkinghome

B.Whilewalkinghome

C.Asshewaswalkinghome

D.Havingwalkedhome

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在她回家的路上，一輛汽車把她撞到了。

語法題?？疾闀r間狀語從句。題干后半部分已經(jīng)是完整句子,聯(lián)系選項判斷空白處需要填時間狀語。從句的邏輯主語和主句主語不一致,因此不能用分詞作狀語,排除A,B,D。as可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故選C。

4.單選題

Businesstourismisverylucrativeasbusinesstravelershaveahigherspendthanleisuretourists,which（）createsmorejobs.

問題1選項

A.inessence

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inpart

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項inessence表示“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；B選項incontrast表示“與之相反，比較起來”；C選項inturn表示“反過來，輪流”；D選項inpart表示“部分地，在某種程度上”。由句意可知，商務(wù)旅游是非常有利可圖的，因為商務(wù)旅行者比休閑游客有更高的消費，這___創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機會。對比四個選項，只有D選項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為D選項。

5.單選題

Nopresidentwhoperformshisdutiesfaithfullyand（）canhaveanyleisure.

問題1選項

A.consistently

B.conscientiously

C.nervously

D.piously

【答案】B

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。consistently“一貫地，一致地”；conscientiously“良心上，切實”；nervously“緊張地”；piously“虔誠地”。句意：所有忠誠一如既往堅持職責(zé)的主席都不會有空閑時間。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Throughouttheages,（）acommonobservation（）certaindiseasesareassociatedwithparticularemotionsandattitudes.

問題1選項

A.it’s...that

B.it’swhich

C.it’sbeen...that

D.it’sbeen...which

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子意思，可知空格應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示從古至今，選項A和B可排除。又根據(jù)特殊句型，it充當(dāng)了形式主語，所以that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，that無實義，只起引導(dǎo)和連接作用。選項C符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Passage1

當(dāng)然,水的質(zhì)量及其他許多環(huán)境問題和人類健康問題密切相關(guān)。雖然許多過去的疾病危害已經(jīng)得到控制甚至消滅,但一些舊疾病至今仍能置人于死地,而且,人類面臨越來越多的新型疾病的攻擊威脅。某些新的致命病毒的殺傷力更強大,蔓延的速度更快。人類迫切需要新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和方法。

Passage2

近年來隨著傳感器和無線移動設(shè)備的飛速發(fā)展,隨時隨地獲得個人位置成為可能。一方面,促進了基于位置服務(wù)的飛速發(fā)展,另一方面,個人位置隱私泄露的問題引超人們的廣泛關(guān)注。由于移動環(huán)境中位置信息的特殊性,造成無法直接利用現(xiàn)有的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫隱私保護技術(shù)。

Passage3

再次,管理具有二重性,管理科學(xué)只是管理自然屬性的一種表現(xiàn)、它并不能解決管理社會屬性的全部問題。其自然屬性是可以并有望科學(xué)化的,但是其社會屬性只能通過正確處理人際關(guān)系來解決。從這個角度上講,管理應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于人文科學(xué)和社會科學(xué),或者說管理科學(xué)具有很強的人文性質(zhì)。

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

Naturally,waterqualityandmanyotherenvironmentalconcernsarecloselyrelatedtoquestionsofhumanhealth.Whilemanyofthehealthscourgesofthepasthavebeencontrolledandeveneliminated,otheroldonesstillhaveremaineddeadly.Andpeopleareattackedbyincreasingnewkindsofdisease,someofwhichkillpeoplefatallyandspreadfaster.Humanareeagertorequirenewmedicaltechnologiesandmethods.

Passage2

Duetotherapiddevelopmentofsensorsandwirelessmobiledeviceinrecentyears,ithasbecomepossibletoacquireinformationofindividualpositionsanytimeandanywhere.Ontheonehand,itpromptstherapiddevelopmentbasedonpositionservice.Ontheotherhand,theissueofleakageofpersonalpositionprivacyarouseswideconcern.Becauseoftheparticularityofpositioninformationinmobilecontext,itisimpossibletomakeuseofthepresentprivacyprotectiontechnologyofrelationaldatabase.

Passage3

Moreover,managementhasadualcharacter.Asonlyanexhibitionofthenaturalpropertiesofmanagement,managementsciencecannotsolvealltheproblemswiththesocialpropertiesofmanagement.Theissuesconcerningitsnaturalpropertiescanbehopefullymadescientific,whiletheissuesconcerningitssocialpropertiescanonlybesolvethroughthecorrecthandlingofinterpersonalrelationships.Fromthisperspective,managementshouldbeclassifiedasahumanscienceandsocialscience,orwecansaythatmanagementsciencehasastronghumanitynature.

8.單選題

Ournetworksecuritysolutionsarebeingusedbydozensofmerchantsathundreds'oflocationsacrossthecountrythatsupportPCI_______requirements.

問題1選項

A.compliance

B.controversy

C.quiescence

D.asseverating

【答案】A

【解析】compliance遵從,服從;controversy爭論,辯論;quiescence靜止,沉默;asseverate鄭重聲明,斷言。句意：我們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全解決方案正被全國各地數(shù)百家支持PCI兼容需求的商家所使用。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Davidistryingtogetthatpromotionbyhookorbycrook;heevenspreadrumorsdefamingothercandidates.

問題1選項

A.scaring

B.smearing

C.squashing

D.startling

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.scaring使害怕；使恐懼B.smearing誹謗；弄臟

C.squashing擠壓D.startling使驚嚇；使嚇一跳

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息spreadrumors（散發(fā)謠言）可推知，defaming是指“誹謗”的意思，B項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】大衛(wèi)為了得到提升不擇手段；他甚至散布誹謗其他候選人的謠言。

10.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers（）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho（）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess（）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

問題3選項

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

問題4選項

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

問題5選項

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“作者關(guān)于學(xué)校的主要觀點是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學(xué)生與學(xué)?；ハ嗖贿m應(yīng)，也就不奇怪他們對讀書經(jīng)歷沒什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），選項A“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學(xué)生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老師的話的目的是什么？”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學(xué)生不喜歡學(xué)校，接下來列舉了他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來作證，因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實支持，選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“像畢加索那樣擁有天賦的孩子的特點是什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學(xué)生中的一些人在學(xué)校可能因為天賦不在學(xué)業(yè)方面，因此表現(xiàn)很差，比如畢加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此選項D“無法應(yīng)對學(xué)校里的學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“很多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“當(dāng)談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時，這些天賦極高的人談?wù)摰酶嗟氖撬麄兊募彝ザ皇菍W(xué)?；蛘呃蠋煛保╓henhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），選項B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“很多有天賦的學(xué)生對學(xué)校沒有好的回憶的根本原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，并不是因為他們?nèi)狈δ芰?，而是因為他們覺得學(xué)校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），選項D“學(xué)校課程不能鼓勵和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

11.單選題

Withthedevelopmentofsophisticatedinstruments,earthquakewillbecomepredictable.

問題1選項

A.advanced

B.delicate

C.dedicated

D.difficult

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated“復(fù)雜的；先進的；久經(jīng)世故的；富有經(jīng)驗的”；A選項advanced“先進的；晚期的；年老的”；B選項delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；C選項dedicated“專用的；專注的；獻身的”；D選項difficult“困難的；不隨和的；執(zhí)拗的”。句意：隨著精密儀器的發(fā)展，地震將成為可預(yù)測的。題干指出“earthquakewillbecomepredictable地震將會成為可預(yù)測的”可推測出sophisticated在這里有“先進的”的意思，因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

______,theworseIseemtofeel.

問題1選項

A.WhenItakemoremedicine

B.ThemoremedicineItake

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine

D.Moremedicinetaken

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.WhenItakemoremedicine當(dāng)我吃更多的藥B.ThemoremedicineItake我吃的藥越多

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine吃更多的藥D.Moremedicinetaken更多的藥被吃

【答案】B

【考查點】固定句式。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的theworse（更糟）可知，the+比較級，the+比較級表示“越……，越……”。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A、C項填入空格中，后面句子應(yīng)該用正常語序；

D項缺少主語，且動詞邏輯主語和后面句子的主語不一致。

【句意】我吃的藥越多，感覺越糟。

13.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

14.翻譯題

Themediahelpdemocracywhentheyprovidemorechoicestomorepeople,buttheydonofavorstodemocracywhentheyturnthemselvesfrombeacons（信號站）oflightintoheat-seekingmissiles.Forexample,thepresident’s1995StateoftheUnionaddresstookmorethananhour,whichapparentlywasaboutahalfhourmorethanthepatienceofmostnetworkcommentators（commentator:personwhocomments）couldtolerate.Intheirinstantanalysisafterthespeech,theyallcriticizeditslengthand“l(fā)ackoffocus’’.Yetjudgingbypollsandtalkshowsthenextday,mostAmericansappearedtoappreciatethecontentofthepresident’sspeech.Todaythemediainvestigatelessandpreachmore……

【答案】當(dāng)媒體為更多的人提供更多的選擇時，媒體有助于民主政治，而當(dāng)媒體由燈光信號站轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊釋?dǎo)導(dǎo)彈時，媒體將不利于民主政治。比如，總統(tǒng)發(fā)表的1995年國情咨文報告花了一個多小時，這顯然超出了大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家（評論員：發(fā)表評論的人）所能承受的大約半小時的容忍度。演說結(jié)束后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家即時對演說做出分析，批判演說的長度而且“缺乏重點”。然而，從第二天的民意調(diào)查結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場訪談來看，大多數(shù)美國人似乎很欣賞總統(tǒng)演講的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)今媒體調(diào)查少，宣傳多

15.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthe

wayof（

）.

問題1選項

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說服”；remedy“補救”；encouragement“鼓勵”；compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意：當(dāng)有人談到自己的弱點時，聽者應(yīng)當(dāng)對他進行鼓勵。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Theproblemisinherentand（）inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.

問題1選項

A.perishable

B.periodical

C.perverse

D.perennial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perishable“易腐壞的；易毀滅的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；perverse“墮落的，不正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籶erennial“多年生的；常年的；長期存在的”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，填空處所填詞應(yīng)和前面的inherent“固有的”意思相近，所以選項D最為恰當(dāng)。句意：任何民主的問題都是固有的，長期存在的，但是在過去二十五年中，由于近年來普遍對政府、政治，還有政治家的詆毀使得這個問題更為嚴(yán)峻。所以選項D正確。

17.單選題

Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready（）toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.

問題1選項

A.excess

B.approach

C.solution

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英語是一門非常重要的需要掌握的外語，因為它是通向知識世界和商業(yè)世界的（）。

A選項excess超過；B選項approach接近；C選項solution解決；D選項access入口，進入。選項D符合句意。

18.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滯的，不景氣的；complex復(fù)雜的，合成的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：艾滋病活動人士永久性地改變并縮短了美國測試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過程。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

問題1選項

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會長、大學(xué)校長等）的職位（任期）”；B選項prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項postscript“附言；又及”；D選項preliminary“初步的，開始的，預(yù)備的”。句意：他在信上加了（），說他將在晚上8點前到達。這里表達的意思是“他在附言里說……”，因此C選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Don’t（meddle）inmyaffairs,andinfactIcanhandlethemproperlybymyself.

問題1選項

A.interfere

B.interest

C.involve

D.attend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。meddle表示“干涉，管閑事”；A項interfere“干涉，妨礙”，B項interest“感興趣”，C項involve“包含，牽涉”，D項attend“參加”。句意：不要干涉我的事情，事實上我自己能處理得很好。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項正確。

21.單選題

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

問題1選項

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項layon“安裝，提供”；C選項layaside“擱置，儲蓄，留存”；D選項layback“躺下休息”。根據(jù)句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作。”選項A符合句意。

22.單選題

Theamountofgravitationalattractionbetweentwoobjectsdependsonthemassoftheobjectsand（）betweenthem.

問題1選項

A.whatisthedistance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.thedistancewhatis

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。and并列意義相關(guān)、層次相同、句法功能相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，此處空格是和and前的theobjects并列，因此C選項正確。

23.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe’dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項

A.incompatible

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.insolvable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。incompatible“不相容的；矛盾的”;insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的”；inseparable“不可分的”；insolvable“不能解決的”。根據(jù)后半句“她希望沒跟他結(jié)過婚”可知他們兩人是有著不可調(diào)和的矛盾，因此選項A符合題意。

24.單選題

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock（）.

問題1選項

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A:sharply“嚴(yán)厲地；鋒利地”；B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的；敏捷的”；D:punctually“準(zhǔn)時地”。句意：新總統(tǒng)的就職典禮將于8點準(zhǔn)時舉行。根據(jù)前文“在八點”得知表示時間的準(zhǔn)點，因此可知D為正確答案。

25.單選題

Iamboredbyyour______talk.

問題1選項

A.insane

B.insipid

C.intrepid

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項insane“瘋狂的，精神病的”，B項insipid“無味的，清淡的”，C項intrepid“無畏的，勇敢的”，D項invalid“無效的，有病的”。由bored（感到厭倦的）可知，______talk中的空格表示“無味的”符合語境。句意：我對你枯燥無味的談話感到厭煩。因此，該題選擇B項。

26.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問題1選項

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團自愿組織提供很多社會福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報酬。選項B符合題意。

27.單選題

The[A]seasonchangesofweather[B]causecolorchangesinthe[C]leavesof[D]deciduoustrees.

問題1選項

A.season

B.cause

C.leavesof

D.deciduous

【答案】A

【解析】【考查點】搭配。

【解題思路】changes是名詞，前面應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語來修飾，而season也是名詞，所以要改為seasonal，seasonalchange表示“季節(jié)性變化”。該題選擇A項。

【句意】天氣的季節(jié)性變化導(dǎo)致落葉樹木的葉子顏色變化。

28.單選題

Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.

DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.

Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.

Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.

CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.

Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttopeelthem.Dirtmaybehardertoremovefromsomecropsthanfromothers.Butallproduceshouldbewashed.

Gardensshouldbeplantedawayfromroadsandstructures,especiallyoldbuilding.Homegardenersshouldplantawayfromthefoundationoftheirhouse.Andleadamountscanbeespeciallyhighnearindustrialareasandwastedumps.

SoilshouldalsobetestedforitsPHlevel,ameasureoftheacidandalkalinebalance.ExpertssaytheabilitytotakeupleadisreducedwhenthePHlevelisabovesixandahalf.Addingorganicmaterialsuchascomposttosoilcanalsomakeleadlessavailabletoplants.

Somepeopleattemptaprocesscalledphytoremediation.Theytrytoremoveleadfromsoilbygrowingcertainplantsthatcollectit.ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork.

1.AllofthefollowingistrueaboutleadinsoilEXCEPT（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereisanincreasedconcernabouttheleadbecause

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaycontainthelowestamountoflead?

4.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoinformon（

）.

問題1選項

A.theamountofleadinsoilishigherincitiesthaninthecountry

B.soilnaturallycontainslead

C.foodshouldnotbeplantedinsoilwhichcontainsahighamountoflead

D.theprocessofphytoremediationmaynotbeabletoremoveleadfromsoil

問題2選項

A.thenumberofpeoplewhoplantgardensisincreasing

B.knowledgeabouttheharmofleadisincreasing

C.theamountofleadinsoilisincreasing

D.theamountofleadabsorbedbyplantsisincreasingbefore

問題3選項

A.Eggplants

B.Cabbage

C.Potatoes

D.Carrot

問題4選項

A.howleadgetsintosoil

B.howtodealwithtoomuchleadinsoilinthegarden

C.howtomakeyourgardenfreeoflead

D.howtotesttheamountofleadinthegarden

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于lead鉛的描述在文章出現(xiàn)多次。A選項“城市土壤中的鉛含量比農(nóng)村高”對應(yīng)文章第一段第二句“Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.然而，由于污染，你離城鎮(zhèn)越近，污染的數(shù)量就越高”；B選項“土壤天然含鉛”對應(yīng)第一段第一句“Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead土壤中天然含有無害量的鉛”；D選項“植物修復(fù)的過程可能無法從土壤中去除鉛”對應(yīng)文章最后一段最后一句“ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork但羅森教授表示，這個過程（植物修復(fù)）很復(fù)雜，可能行不通”。C選項“不應(yīng)在含鉛量高的土壤中種植食物”與原文不符合，第一段最后說到“Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures但專家表示，如果采取安全措施，這（土壤中含有金屬）并不會妨礙園丁種植食物”。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干關(guān)鍵在于“anincreasedconcernaboutlead對鉛的擔(dān)憂日益增加”，原因在第五段中“concernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens隨著越來越多的人開始種植花園，人們對鉛的擔(dān)憂也與日俱增”。A選項“種植花園的人數(shù)在增加”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。鉛含量最低的植物就是文中說到的最不吸收鉛的植物，第六段說到“goodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs菜園里的好選擇包括西紅柿、辣椒、豆子和秋葵。他們說，能吸收更多污染物的植物包括塊根類作物、多葉蔬菜和草本植物”，對比選項可知A選項“茄子”不屬于塊根類作物，也不是蔬菜和草本植物，因此A選項正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句說到“thisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures如果采取一些安全措施，這種情況（土壤含金屬）不應(yīng)該阻止種植者去種食物”，下面幾段都在重點講應(yīng)對土壤中出現(xiàn)更高含量有害金屬的方法，因此本文主旨與B選項“如何應(yīng)對菜園土壤中鉛含量過高的問題”相關(guān)。

29.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication—butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsorwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWordsHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicunder?

controlsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,heightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士氣的講話）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyoulanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

3.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”？

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.informpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題5選項

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Theymanyusesofpublicspeaking

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到演講的功能：說服、啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等等，而這些是其他手段無法替代的，選項C符合題意。

2.文章第八段提到這不僅僅是在世界論壇的公開演講中扮演著重要角色（It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole），選項A“世界論壇上的演講可以為世界性問題提供有效方案”表述不正確，符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到了演講詞的各種功能，比如說服或啟發(fā)，通知、致敬、娛樂等，或者只是介紹某人某事或接受某事。選項C“在工作中給人建議”不是演講的功能，符合題意。

4.文章最后一段Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast提到為了精彩的演講，有一些規(guī)則可以很好的利用，必須學(xué)習(xí)并且練習(xí)以前的演講。選項D符合題意，“精彩的演講來源于練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)”

5.文章開頭提及推特、博客、郵件這些交流方式，但是這些都無法取代演講這個話題（Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunicationbutnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech）。接著介紹了演講的作用，比如說服或啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等。最后提到演說能力不是天生的，而是需要通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)才得到的。選項B符合題意。

30.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacalltheninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Theyalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogram.Forthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterof