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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廊坊燕京職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun()250dollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ashighas/to都意為“高達(dá)”,但是后面明確接的是高達(dá)的數(shù)字時(shí),用to。as雖然也是高達(dá),但是用在兩者作為比較的時(shí)候用的,如Tomisashighashissister.句意:那家商店的自行車(chē)價(jià)格高達(dá)250美元。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quagmire“沼澤,泥濘地;困境,尷尬的處境”;B選項(xiàng)moraine“冰磧石”;C選項(xiàng)plumed“(adj)有羽毛的;羽毛狀的;用羽毛裝飾的”;D選項(xiàng)fragmire無(wú)實(shí)際意義。句意:他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭;泥沼”,與該詞意思最相近的是A選項(xiàng),因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

He______youunlessyouhadspokenslowly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tunderstand

B.wouldn’tunderstand

C.wouldn’thaveunderstood

D.hadn’tunderstood

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句。連詞unless意為“除非……如果不……,除了……”,一般用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定意義的真實(shí)條件句,有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句,相當(dāng)于ifnot。從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的否定,主句應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone;A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)缺少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would,故不選;B項(xiàng)缺少have。句意:他不理解,除非你說(shuō)慢點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)法,正確答案為C。

4.單選題

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto()togetherinresearchactivities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。specialize“使專(zhuān)門(mén)化”;participate“參與”;consist“由…組成”;involve“包含,牽涉”。句意:麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)特色是學(xué)生和老師都有機(jī)會(huì)一起參與研究活動(dòng)。B項(xiàng)符合題意,故答案B。

5.單選題

HefirstreadthisbookbyborrowingitfromhisChineseclassmateatOxford.Andhewassoenchanted.Inordertotranslateit,heevenresignedfromhischairatOxford.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contented

B.fascinated

C.frustrated

D.astonished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contented(尤指因生活好而)滿意的,愜意的B.fascinated入迷的,極感興趣的

C.frustrated無(wú)效的,沒(méi)有得到滿足的D.astonished吃驚的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】enchanted的意思為“著了魔的;極樂(lè)的”,在這里指的是看到這本書(shū)被深深地吸引,非常高興和激動(dòng),fascinated與之詞義相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】他第一次讀這本書(shū)是從他在牛津大學(xué)的中國(guó)同學(xué)那里借來(lái)讀的,然后就被迷住了。為了翻譯這本書(shū),他甚至辭去了牛津大學(xué)的教職。

6.單選題

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow(),particularlyinWesternEurope.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的,朦朧的”;B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的,廢棄的,過(guò)時(shí)的”;C選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”;D選項(xiàng)overlapping“重疊的”。根據(jù)句意可知,火藥的引入應(yīng)該是使弓箭逐漸被淘汰,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

AscientistnamedChardonnetif,bywatchingsilkworms,realizedthatliquidleavesmustbeforcedthroughmanytinyholes(

)formfine,silk-likethreads.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whento

B.thatthey

C.iftheyareto

D.astheyareto

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法(狀語(yǔ)從句)題。分析題干可知,空格后的“formfine,silk-likethreads”在原句中為狀語(yǔ)從句,所以排除B選項(xiàng);A選項(xiàng)缺少主語(yǔ),排除;C選項(xiàng)的if引導(dǎo)的如果是真實(shí)條件句,主句部分則需要用將來(lái)吋態(tài),所以排除;D選項(xiàng)as可以引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,正確,句意是‘一位名叫Chardonnetif的科學(xué)家通過(guò)觀察桑蠶發(fā)現(xiàn),富含汁液的樹(shù)葉必須通很多微孔才能形成纖細(xì)的,如絲般的紋理?!?/p>

8.單選題

BynowDadwassixty-five,andwhatlittleleniencehemayoncehavepossessedhadlongsincehardenedinto_______inflexibility.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.friendly

C.remorseful

D.steely

【答案】D

【解析】compassionate慈悲的,富于同情心的;friendly友好的;remorseful懊悔的,悔恨的;steely鋼鐵般的,冷酷無(wú)情的。句意:父親現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)六十五歲了,他曾經(jīng)擁有的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)寬容,早已變成了鋼鐵般的冷酷無(wú)情。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Withoutexposuretothecultural,intellectual,andmoraltraditionsthatareourheritage,weareexcludedfromacommonworldthat(1)generations.Ontheonehand,suchexclusiontendsto(2)ustorecreateeverything,aneedlessandlargelyimpossibletask;Ontheotherhand,ittendstomakeus(3),tosuggestthatweareindeedthecreatorsoftheworldandofallgoodideas(4)infactweareonlyafragmentofthehistoryofman.(5)entirelytoourselves,wecouldmakeonlytheslimmestcontributionstowisdom.

Whilethehumanitiesoverlapthefineandliberalarts,theyarealsorelatedofnecessitytothesciencesandtotechnology.Someofthe(6)ofthehumanitiesraisequestionsaboutwhatendsareworthytobe(7),whatidealsdeserve(8)Butsinceitisfutiletoknowwhatisworthdoingwithouthavinganyideaofhowtogetthingsdone,effectivestudyinthehumanitiesrequiresrespectforandattainmentoffactualknowledgeandtechnologicalskill.(9),itispointlesstoknowhowtogetthingsdonewithouthavinganyideawhatisworthdoing,sothatinformedstudyinappliedsciencedemands(10)inthehumanities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crossed

B.passesdown

C.survives

D.exists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.warn

B.facilitate

C.compel

D.encourage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.arrogant

B.exhausted

C.productive

D.reliable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.when

C.whereas

D.which

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Provided

B.Left

C.Reserved

D.Kept

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.arenas

B.communities

C.subjects

D.disciplines

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.followed

B.investigated

C.served

D.abandoned

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.identification

B.maintenance

C.reverence

D.endeavor

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Similarly

B.Contrarily

C.Virtually

D.Literally

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.concentration

B.presupposition

C.revelation

D.reflection

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】(1)詞義辨析。cross“穿過(guò),交叉”;passdown“使流傳”;survive“生存,幸存”;exist“存在”。根據(jù)文意,如果我們不接觸到流傳的文化和傳統(tǒng),我們將會(huì)排除在流傳給下一代的大同世界之外。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(2)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。warm“警告”;facilitate“促進(jìn),幫助”;compel“強(qiáng)迫,迫使”;encourage“鼓勵(lì)”。根據(jù)文意,這種排斥傾向于促使我們重塑所有,這是一項(xiàng)不必要并且不可能完成的任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(3)形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)文意,另一方面會(huì)使我們感到自大,認(rèn)為我們是世界的創(chuàng)造者,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(4)邏輯推理。前一句說(shuō)道我們是世界和優(yōu)秀思想的創(chuàng)造者,后一句提到我們實(shí)際上只是歷史中的一個(gè)小碎片。前后形成了對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(5)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。provide“提供,裝備”;leave“留下”;reserve“保存”;keep“保留”。句意:如果完全只有我們自己的話,那我們對(duì)智慧的貢獻(xiàn)是相當(dāng)微薄的。所以用keepsth.tooneself的結(jié)構(gòu),選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

(6)名詞詞義辨析。arena“舞臺(tái),競(jìng)技場(chǎng)”;community“社區(qū),共同體”;subject“主題,學(xué)科”;discipline“紀(jì)律”。句意:人文科學(xué)的一些社區(qū)團(tuán)體提出了一些問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(7)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Followed“追逐,追求”;investigate“調(diào)查”;serve“招待”;abandon“丟棄,拋棄”。根據(jù)文意,這些社團(tuán)提出的問(wèn)題是,哪些目標(biāo)是值得追隨的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(8)名詞詞義辨析。identification“鑒定,識(shí)別”;maintenance“維持,維護(hù)”;reverence“崇敬,尊嚴(yán)”;endeavor“努力”。根據(jù)文意,問(wèn)題是什么樣的理想值得人們?nèi)プ鹬?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(9)邏輯推理??疾閷?duì)上下文相關(guān)語(yǔ)句關(guān)系的把握,區(qū)分表示聯(lián)系的副詞。similarly“相似地”;contrarily“反之”;virtually“實(shí)際上”;literally“照字面地,不夸張地”。根據(jù)文意,確實(shí)地。前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的,但是不知道具體方法是無(wú)用的,空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好,而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是沒(méi)意義的。所以前后兩句是相反的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(10)名詞詞義辨析。concentration“專(zhuān)心,專(zhuān)注”;presupposition“假定,預(yù)設(shè)”;revelation“揭露”;reflection“反映,沉思”。句意:在對(duì)應(yīng)用科學(xué)進(jìn)行研究時(shí),也需要對(duì)人文科學(xué)投以關(guān)注。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一項(xiàng)是19世紀(jì)性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素?

A.Passion.A.激情,熱情

B.Determination.B.決心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行動(dòng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒數(shù)第二句“作為靈魂的船長(zhǎng),你的工作就是建立水壩來(lái)控制這些激情(keepthesepassionsincheck)”,以及最后一句“你的工作就是對(duì)懶惰、欲望、貪婪、吸毒和其他罪惡說(shuō)不(sayno)”,可知,在19世紀(jì),最首要的性格模范就是“決心”,B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位,性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素就是決心控制激情;

C、D選項(xiàng)在該處沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.22.19世紀(jì)的性格模范被認(rèn)為是行不通的,原因是______。

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetimeA.它在大多數(shù)時(shí)候都沒(méi)有令人滿意地發(fā)揮作用

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundlessB.將自由意志比作大壩是毫無(wú)根據(jù)的

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC.人們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)考慮自己想做什么

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrolD.還有許多其他因素超出了一個(gè)人的控制

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第三段第二句“今天,我們知道自由意志是有限的”,以及第三句“人們可以改變自己的生活,但有序的改變并不簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)楹芏嗍虑椋╩anythings),甚至是我們自身的事情,都超出了我們的直接控制(beyondourdirectcontrol)”,可知,因?yàn)楹芏嘁蛩囟汲隽酥苯拥目刂?,所以難以有序的改變生活,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段第四句“你的意志力不像水壩,不能阻擋任性的洪流”,可知,文中并沒(méi)有提到將自由意志比作大壩是groundless,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符,屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?23.杜克大學(xué)的這項(xiàng)研究的主要意義是什么?

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.A.習(xí)慣是一個(gè)人行為的關(guān)鍵。

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.B.一個(gè)人的行為很難改變。

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.C.習(xí)慣和意志力都很重要。

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.D.習(xí)慣有一個(gè)未知的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息DukeUniversity定位第三段第四句“例如,我們的許多行為都是由潛意識(shí)習(xí)慣引導(dǎo)的(guidedbyunconscioushabits)”,以及第五句“杜克大學(xué)的研究人員計(jì)算出,超過(guò)40%的行為是由習(xí)慣決定的(governedbyhabit),而不是實(shí)際的決定”,可知,很多的行為都是習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的,A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾,杜克大學(xué)的研究就是“大部分行為由習(xí)慣決定”,所以該項(xiàng)中的willpower不符合原文;

D選項(xiàng)在第三段最后一句有提到,“習(xí)慣的結(jié)構(gòu)是:線索、例行公事和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.24.根據(jù)新的性格模范,個(gè)人行為可以通過(guò)______改變。

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponsesA.通過(guò)暗示來(lái)操縱習(xí)慣性的神經(jīng)反應(yīng)

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabitsB.通過(guò)暗示停止所有之前無(wú)意識(shí)的習(xí)慣

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcuesC.通過(guò)技巧來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)不同的身體暗示

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutinesD.通過(guò)技巧來(lái)補(bǔ)充舊的習(xí)慣

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位第六段第二句“你應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)策略來(lái)改變暗示和慣例(devisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines)”,可知,新的性格典范是通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)策略提供暗示改變自己的行為習(xí)慣,所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段“因此,他們的研究暗示了一種不同的性格典范,該典范被認(rèn)為可以操縱內(nèi)部的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(manipulatetheneuralnetworksinside)”,可知A項(xiàng)中的neuralresponses和neuralnetworks并不相符,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

B選項(xiàng)中的stop和原文中的alter并不相符,屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)中的supplement和原文中的alter并不相符,也屬于曲解原文。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.25.從文章中我們得知,新的性格典范______。

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfullyA.已經(jīng)成功地改變了行為

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviourB.更好地處理行為的情感方面

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchangeC.強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理方面

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdoD.可以給人的生活帶來(lái)改變,就像廣告商做的那樣

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位倒數(shù)第二段,第一句“這有點(diǎn)令人不安,因?yàn)橹匾牧?xí)慣性神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅僅是由慣例形成的(notformedbymereroutine),也不可能由聰明的暗示逆轉(zhuǎn)”,以及第二句“它們被情感所燃燒(burnedinbyemotion),被強(qiáng)烈的渴望所強(qiáng)化(strengthenedbystrongyearnings),就像對(duì)贊美和正義的渴望一樣”,可知,新的性格典范重視習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理的方面,C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)文中并沒(méi)有提到成功改變了行為,屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)也沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段第一句“如果你認(rèn)為你可以用一種聰明的方式改變你的生活,就像廣告商讓你買(mǎi)空氣清新劑那樣,你可能錯(cuò)了”,可知,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。

11.單選題

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof()groupingisadvisable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】homogeneous同質(zhì)的;instantaneous瞬間的;spontaneous自發(fā)的;anonymous匿名的。句意:一些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生放在同一個(gè)班級(jí),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)分組是可取的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

"Iamconvincedthatwewillnot_______amillimetrenormoveonesteptotheside,"saidGov.RubenCostastotensofthousandsofjubilantsupporterswavingthedepartment'sgreenandwhiteflags.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recast

B.rebuke

C.assert

D.retreat

【答案】D

【解析】recast重鑄,徹底改動(dòng);rebuke指責(zé),非難;assert斷言,聲稱;retreat撤退。句意:“我相信,我們不會(huì)后退一毫米,也不會(huì)向旁邊移動(dòng)一步?!闭賳TRubenCostas對(duì)揮舞著國(guó)務(wù)院綠白旗的數(shù)萬(wàn)名歡欣鼓舞的支持者說(shuō)道。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

Theannouncementwill______therumorsofatakeoverthathaveplaguedthecompanyforthepast18months.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.append

B.scotch

C.exhort

D.exhale

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.append附加,貼上;蓋章B.scotch阻止,平息;終止

C.exhort忠告;勸誡D.exhale呼氣;發(fā)出,發(fā)散

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“過(guò)去18個(gè)月來(lái)困擾該公司的收購(gòu)傳言”,由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will可知,Theannouncementwill______表示的是“這一聲明將消除”,B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這一聲明將消除過(guò)去18個(gè)月來(lái)困擾該公司的收購(gòu)傳言。

14.翻譯題

Forallyouspacebuffswholiketokeeptrackofwherethewateris,itlookslikeyoucanaddourveryownmoontoyourlist.BecauseaccordingtoatrioofpapersappearinginthejournalScience,thelunarsurfaceiswetterthanwerealized.

Fortyyearsago,Apolloastronautsbroughtabunchofmoonrocksbackhome.Forthemostpartthosesamplesshowednotracesofwaterwhatsoever.ThosethatseemedeventheslightestbitmoistwerethoughttohavebeencontaminatedbywaterfromEarth—becausethecontainerstheywerestoredinturnedouttobeleaky.

Butnowscientistssaythey’vespottedwaterrightonthemoon’ssurface.Usinginstrumentsonthreedifferentspacecraft,thescientistsdetectedthechemicalsignatureofgoodoldH2O.Andtheythinkthewaterspringsfromthemoonitself.Thelunarsoilisnearly50percentoxygen,andthescientiststhinkthathydrogencomesfromthesolarwindthatpoundsthemoon’ssurface.

Putthetwotogetherandyougetwet.Nottoowet,ofcourse.There’sprobablyonlyaboutaquartofwaterineverytonoflunarsoil.That’sdryerthantheSahara,butwetterthanwethought.

【答案】對(duì)于你們這些喜歡追蹤水在哪里的太空迷來(lái)說(shuō),看起來(lái)你們可以把我們自己的月球加入你們的名單。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的三篇論文,月球表面比我們想象的要潮濕。

40年前,阿波羅宇航員帶回了一堆月球巖石。在大多數(shù)情況下,這些樣本沒(méi)有任何水的痕跡。那些看起來(lái)哪怕是最輕微的潮濕都被認(rèn)為是受到了來(lái)自地球的水的污染——因?yàn)樗鼈儍?chǔ)存的容器原來(lái)是漏水的。

但現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家稱他們已經(jīng)在月球表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了水??茖W(xué)家們?cè)谌也煌挠钪骘w船上使用儀器,探測(cè)到了古老的H2o的化學(xué)特征。他們認(rèn)為水來(lái)自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧氣,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為氫氣來(lái)自撞擊月球表面的太陽(yáng)風(fēng)。

把這兩者放在一起,你就濕了。當(dāng)然不會(huì)太濕。每噸月球土壤中大概只有一夸脫水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥,但比我們想象的要潮濕。

15.單選題

Onescientificdiscipline,duringitsearlystagesofdevelopment,isoftenrelatedtoanotherasanantithesistoitsthesis.Thethesisdisciplinetendtoconcernitselfwithdiscoveryandclassificationofphenomena,toofferholisticexplanationsemphasizingpatternandform,andtouseexistingtheorytoexplainthewidestpossiblerangeofphenomena.Thepairedorantidiscipline,ontheotherhand,canbecharacterizedbyamorefocusedapproach,concentratingontheunitsofconstruction,andbyabeliefthatthedisciplinecanbereformulatedintermsoftheissuesandexplanationsoftheantidiscipline.

Therelationshipofcytology(cellbiology)tobiochemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury,whenbothdisciplinesweregrowingatarapidpace,exemplifiessuchapattern.Researchersincellbiologyfoundmountingevidenceofanintricatecellarchitecture.Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous,networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayinthecore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.

Ingeneral,biochemistsjudgedcytologiststobetooignorantofchemistrytograspthebasicprocesses,whereascytologistsconsideredthemethodsofbiochemistsinadequatetocharacterizethestructuresofthelivingcell.TherenewalofMendeliangeneticsand,later,progressinchromosomemappingdidlittleatfirsttoeffectasynthesis.

Bothsideswereessentiallycorrect.Biochemistryhasmorethanjustifieditsextravagantearlyclaimsbyexplainingsomuchofthecellularmachinery.Butinachievingthisfeat(mostlysince1950)ithasbeenpartiallytransformedintothehewdisciplineofmolecularbiology—biochemistiythatdealswithspatialarrangementsandmovementsoflargemolecules.Atthesametimecytologyhasmetamorphosedintomodemcellularbiology.Aidedbyelectronmicroscopy,ithasbecomemoresimilarinlanguageandoutlooktomolecularbiology.Theinteractionofadisciplineanditsantidisciplinehasmovedbothsciencestowardasynthesis,namelymoleculargenetics.

Thisinteractionbetweenpaireddisciplinescanhaveimportantresults.Inthecaseoflatenineteenth-centurycellresearch,progresswasfueledbycompetitionamongthevariousattitudesandissuesderivedfromcellbiologyandbiochemistiyJosephFuton,abiochemist,hassuggestedthatsuchcompetitionandtheresultingtensionsamongresearchersareaprincipalsourceofvitalityand“arelikelytoleadtounexpectedandexcitingnoveltiesinthefuture,astheyhaveinthepast.”

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

2.Thepassagestatesthatinthelatenineteenthcenturycytologistsdeducedthe(

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,cytologistsinthelatenineteenthcenturywerecriticalofthecellresearchofbiochemistsbecausecytologistsbelievedthat(

).

4.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthematerialpresentedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinescanbothstimulateandhinderoneanother’sresearchincomplexways.

B.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinesofteninteractwithoneanotherinwaysthatcanbehighlyuseful.

C.Asdisciplinessuchascytologyandbiochemistryadvance,theirinteractionnecessarilyleadstoasynthesisoftheirapproaches.

D.Cellresearchinthelatenineteenthcenturywasplaguedbydisagreementsbetweencytologistsandbiochemists.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mapsofchromosomes

B.sequenceofthemovementofchromosomesduringcelldivision

C.spatialrelationshipofmoleculeswithinthecell

D.roleofenzymesinbiologicalprocesses

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.themethodsofbiochemistrycouldnotadequatelydiscoverandexplainthestructuresoflivingcells

B.themethodsofbiochemistrywereinadequatetoaccountforallofthechemicalreactionsthatoccurredincytologicalpreparations

C.biochemistswerenotinterestedinthenatureofprotoplasm

D.biochemistsweretooignorantofcytologytounderstandthebasicprocessesofthecell

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anaccountofaprocessisgiven,andthenthereasonforitsoccurrenceisstated.

B.Asetofexamplesisprovidedandthenaconclusionisdrawnfromthem.

C.Ageneralpropositionisstated,andthenanexampleisgiven.

D.Astatementofprinciplesismade,andthenarationaleforthemisdebated.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段先提出對(duì)立的思維和論文對(duì)學(xué)科的發(fā)展很重要,接著以細(xì)胞和生物化的關(guān)系對(duì)生物學(xué)發(fā)展的影響為論據(jù)進(jìn)行論述,最后得出結(jié)論說(shuō)明競(jìng)爭(zhēng)觀點(diǎn)的共同研究對(duì)學(xué)科發(fā)展的重要性,所以B選項(xiàng)‘對(duì)立的科學(xué)學(xué)科經(jīng)常以非常有用的方式相互作用’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文“Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.另一方面,許多生物化學(xué)家對(duì)存在如此多的結(jié)構(gòu)持懷疑態(tài)度,他們認(rèn)為細(xì)胞學(xué)制劑中發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)?!狈治鰞煞N科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn),細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家推染色體的神秘編排,而生化學(xué)家認(rèn)為細(xì)胞內(nèi)復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)和原生質(zhì)之間可能存在化學(xué)反應(yīng)等,可以得知B選項(xiàng)‘染色體在細(xì)胞分裂過(guò)程中運(yùn)動(dòng)的序列’正確。同時(shí)可知15題答案為A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文:'Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous.Networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayincore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.另一方面,許多生物化學(xué)家對(duì)存在如此多的結(jié)構(gòu)持懷疑態(tài)度,他們認(rèn)為細(xì)胞學(xué)制劑中發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí),他們也遠(yuǎn)離了當(dāng)時(shí)關(guān)于原生質(zhì)(細(xì)胞內(nèi)活物質(zhì)的復(fù)合體)是否均勻的激烈爭(zhēng)論。網(wǎng)狀、粒狀或泡沫狀。他們的興趣在于原生質(zhì)化學(xué)性質(zhì)的核心基本問(wèn)題,特別是新形成的生命酶理論?!狈治鰞煞N科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn),細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家推染色體的神秘編排,而生化學(xué)家認(rèn)為細(xì)胞內(nèi)復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)和原生質(zhì)之間可能存在化學(xué)反應(yīng)等,可以得知A選項(xiàng)‘生物化學(xué)方法不能充分發(fā)現(xiàn)和解釋活細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)’正確。

4.析推理判斷題。本文釆取提出觀點(diǎn)——引用論據(jù)說(shuō)一一得出結(jié)論的結(jié)構(gòu),文中列舉細(xì)胞學(xué)家和生化學(xué)家的實(shí)例對(duì)提出的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述,所以C選項(xiàng)‘給出了一個(gè)命題,并給出了一個(gè)實(shí)例’正確。

16.單選題

CriticalandindependentthinkingisavaluedskillamongAmericanacademicsandprofessorswhooftensadlylamentthatmodernstudentslacktheseskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mournaloud

B.expresssorrowdemonstratively

C.complain

D.regretstrongly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)mournaloud“大聲哀悼”;B選項(xiàng)expresssorrowdemonstratively“表達(dá)悲傷”;C選項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”;D選項(xiàng)regretstrongly“強(qiáng)烈后悔”。題目中的lament表達(dá)的是“遺憾”的意思,所以D“regretstrongly深表遺憾”與題目意思相符。句意:美國(guó)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)者和教授認(rèn)為批判思維獨(dú)立思維是一種很有價(jià)值的技能,他們通常會(huì)因現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生缺乏這種能力而傷感遺憾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Itseemsverydifficult______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tostopthechildtocry

B.stoppingthechildtocry

C.stopthechildcrying

D.tostopthechildcrying

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tostopthechildtocry去阻止孩子哭B.stoppingthechildtocry阻止孩子哭

C.stopthechildcrying阻止孩子哭D(zhuǎn).tostopthechildcrying去阻止孩子哭

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞difficult(困難的)可知,difficulttodosth.是固定搭配,表示“做某事是困難的”,而stopdoing/todosth.也是固定搭配,但是stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,stoptodosth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”;根據(jù)選項(xiàng)意思可知,空格處應(yīng)該表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配;

A項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】似乎很難讓這孩子不哭。

18.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno()togotothepartywithus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)taste“味道”;B選項(xiàng)mood“心情”;C選項(xiàng)sense“感覺(jué)”;D選項(xiàng)emotion“情感”。句意:工作了一整天后,他太累了,沒(méi)有心情和我們一起去參加聚會(huì)。本句表示沒(méi)有參加聚會(huì)的心情,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall()inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimacy表示“性關(guān)系,親密;親昵行為”;B選項(xiàng)immortality表示“不朽,不滅”;C選項(xiàng)increment表示“增量,增加,盈余”;D選項(xiàng)incidence表示“發(fā)生率,影響,后果”。由句意“在過(guò)去十年里,這個(gè)城市的人口只有少量”可知,只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此,本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

20.單選題

Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,(

)gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drivesa

B.drivenbya

C.hasdriven

D.drove

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法(分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ))題。首先固定搭配‘a(chǎn)gradientof’,所以排除C和D選項(xiàng),其次,Thespontaneousmovement與空格后的gradientofwaterconcentration是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以B選項(xiàng)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ)正確。整句話的句意是‘在水的濃度梯度驅(qū)使下,水分子通過(guò)半透膜的自主運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做滲透作用’。

21.單選題

Thespeakerwasverymuch()byrudewordsandbehavioroftheaudienceinthehall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jerked

B.incensed

C.laced

D.limped

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意,演講者被rudewordsandbehavior激怒。jerked急推,猛推;incensed激怒;laced系牢,系緊;limped跛行,句意:演講者被粗魯?shù)难孕校ǎ?。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

22.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill

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