考研考博-英語-上海體育學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海體育學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Gratitudeisdefinedastheartofshowing（）foreverykindness,greatandsmall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivation

B.appreciation

C.affection

D.opposition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivation的意思是“動機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation的意思是“感激，欣賞”；C選項(xiàng)affection的意思是“喜愛，愛慕”；D選項(xiàng)opposition的意思是“反對，敵對”。題干的意思是“感恩就是一種對大大小小的善意表達(dá)（）的藝術(shù)?！备鶕?jù)首單詞Gratitude（感謝；感激）我們可知空格處應(yīng)填與該單詞聯(lián)系度最高的單詞，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Medievalistsusuallydistinguishmedievalpubliclawfromprivatelaw:theformerwasconcernedwithgovernmentandmilitaryaffairsandthelatterwiththefamily,socialstatus,andlandtransactions.Examinationonmedievalwomen’slivesshowsthisdistinctiontobeoverlysimplistic.Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.Sincelandequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower,certainwomenexercisedinfluencebycontrollingland.Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.

Althoughfeudallandswerenormallytransferredthroughprimogeniture(theeldestsoninheritingall),whennosonssurvived,thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.Inadditiontocontrollinganysuchlandinheritedfromherparentsandanybridaldowry—propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily—awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.Called“dower”inEngland,thisgranthadgreaterlegalimportanceundercommonlawthandidthebridaldowry;nomarriagewaslegalunlessthegroomendowedthebridewiththispropertyattheweddingceremony.In1215MagnaCarta(ThecharterofEnglishpoliticalandcivillibertiesgrantedbyKingJohnatRunnymedeinJune1215)guaranteedawidow’srighttoclaimherdowerwithoutpayingafine;thisdocumentalsostrengthenedwidow’sabilitytocontrollandbyprohibitingforcedremarriage.After1272womencouldalsobenefitfromjointure:thegroomcouldagreetoholdpartorallofhislandsjointlywiththebride,sothatifonespousedied,theotherreceivedtheselands.

Sincemanywidowshadinheritancesaswellasdowers,widowswerefrequentlythefinancialheadsofthefamily;eventhoughlegaltheoryassumedthemaintenanceoftheprincipleofprimogeniture,theamountoflandthewidowcontrolledcouldexceedthatofhersonorofothermaleheirs.Anyonewhoheldfeudallandexercisedauthorityoverthepeopleattachedtotheland—knights,rentaltenants,andpeasants—andhadtohireestateadministrators,overseeaccounts,receiverents,protecttenantsfromoutsideencroachment,punishtenantsfornotpayingrents,appointprieststolocalparishes,andactasguardiansoftenants,childrenandexecutorsoftheirwills.Manymarriedwomenfulfilledthesedutiesasdeputiesforhusbandsawayatcourtoratwar,butwidowscouldactontheirownbehalf.Widow’slegalindependenceissuggestedbytheirfrequentappearanceinthirteenth-centuryEnglishlegalrecords.Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.

26.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

27.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelyexpressesthemeaningoftheworld“sway”asitisusedinLine33ofthepassage?

28.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthefunctionofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

29.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,awidowinearlythirteenth-centuryEnglandcouldcontrolmorelandthandidhereldestsonif（）.

30.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetraditionalviewofmedievalwomenaslegallyexcludedfrommanypublicofficesfailstoconsiderthirteenth-centurywomeninEnglandwhowereexemptedfromsuchrestrictions.

B.Theeconomicindependenceofwomeninthirteenth-centuryEnglandwasprimarilydeterminednotbytheirmaritalstatus,butbytheirstatusasheirstotheirparents’estates.

C.Thelawsandcustomsofthefeudalsysteminthirteenth-centuryEnglandenabledsomewomentoexerciseacertainamountofpowerdespitetheirlegalexclusionfrommostpublicroles.

D.DuringthethirteenthcenturyinEngland,widowsgainedgreaterautonomyandlegalrightstotheirpropertythantheyhadhadinpreviouscenturies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Vacillation.

B.Dominion.

C.Predisposition.

D.Inclination.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Providingexamplesofspecifichistoricaleventsassupportfortheconclusiondrawninthethirdparagraph.

B.Narratingasequenceofeventswhoseoutcomesdiscussedinthethirdparagraph.

C.Explaininghowcircumstancesdescribedinthefirstparagraphcouldhaveoccurred.

D.Describingtheeffectsofaneventmentionedinthefirstparagraph.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thewidowhadbeengrantedthecustomaryamountofdowerlandandtheeldestsoninheritedtherestoftheland

B.thewidowhadthreedaughtersinadditiontohereldestson

C.theprincipleofprimogeniturehadbeenappliedintransferringthelandsownedbythewidow’slatehusband

D.thecombinedamountoflandthewidowhadacquiredfromherownfamilyandfromdowerwasgreaterthantheamountinheritedbyherson

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.explainalegalcontroversyofthepastinlightofmodemtheory

B.evaluatetheeconomicandlegalstatusofaparticularhistoricalgroup

C.resolveascholarlydebateaboutlegalhistory

D.tracethehistoricaloriginsofamodemeconomicsituation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.主旨目的題。全文多次出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，Medievalists,law,women,瀏覽全文，主題句可定位到第一段第三句。“Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.（雖然中世紀(jì)婦女在法律上被排除在公共角色之外，如士兵、法官、陪審團(tuán)成員或職業(yè)行政官員，但婦女對土地的控制——通常被認(rèn)為是一種私人或家庭現(xiàn)象——在13世紀(jì)的英國封建制度中具有重要的政治含義。）”由此得出本題答案。

27.

語義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞sway定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.”后面括號中的內(nèi)容是對其的解釋說明，括號中提到influence,power,authority，那么sway的意思則應(yīng)與這些詞相近。選項(xiàng)中dominion意為“主權(quán)，統(tǒng)治權(quán)”符合要求，從而得出本題答案。

28.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位第二段。原文第一段最后一句“Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.”提到了widows（寡婦）如何分得財(cái)產(chǎn)，包括suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts和makingwills三種情境，第二段就是圍繞著這幾種情境來具體描述解釋相關(guān)的法律規(guī)定。從而得出本題答案。

29.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞widow,controlmoreland,hereldestson可定位到原文第二段。根據(jù)“thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.”“propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily”“awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.”即可得出本題答案。

30.主旨目的題。本文討論的話題背景時(shí)期為thirteenth-centuryEngland，與選項(xiàng)B中的aparticularhistoricalgroup對應(yīng)；原文第一段第四句提到那段特定歷史時(shí)期是landequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower與選項(xiàng)B中的theeconomicandlegalstatus對應(yīng)。從而得出本題答案。

3.單選題

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout為固定短語搭配，意為“對...挑剔，過分講究的”。這里指她對自己的外表很講究。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Hisdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlywillbea（

）tohisplanstobecomealawyer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hesitation

B.hinge

C.highlight

D.handicap

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他難以清楚地表達(dá)自己的想法,這將成為他想當(dāng)一名律師的不利條件。handicap指障礙,不利條件。只有選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Sheexpressedherstrongdeterminationthatnothingcould

hertogiveuphercareerasateacher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.attract

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。induce“誘導(dǎo)，引起”；deduce“推論；推斷”；reduce“減少”；attract“吸引”。Inducesb.todosth.“誘導(dǎo)某人做某事”。句意：她表達(dá)了自己堅(jiān)定的決心，任何事都不可能誘使她放棄教師這個(gè)職業(yè)。

6.單選題

HeisplanningtogotoTehranto______peacemovesthroughtheIslamicConferenceOrganization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.publish

B.survey

C.initiate

D.hoist

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)publish“出版，發(fā)布”；B選項(xiàng)survey“審察；測量”；C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始，發(fā)起；使初步了解”；D選項(xiàng)hoist“吊起，拉高”。句意：他計(jì)劃前往德黑蘭通過伊斯蘭會議組織______和平運(yùn)動。這里橫線處搭配peacemoves“和平運(yùn)動”，只有C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始，發(fā)起”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Themomentmymothercamehomeafteraday'sworkshelitthefireand（）makingthesoup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setaside

B.setabout

C.setoff

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在工作了一整天后，我媽一下班，她就打開火，開始熬湯。

考查短語辨析。setaside不理會，放置…一方；setabout開始做，著手做setoff出發(fā)；setup建立。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Youhavealegal____toensurethatyourchildreceiveapropereducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liability

B.obligation

C.formula

D.scheme

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.liability（法律上對某事物的）責(zé)任，義務(wù)B.obligation（法律上或道義上的）責(zé)任，義務(wù)

C.formula方案D.scheme計(jì)劃

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】修飾語與被修飾語的搭配與名詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞受“法律上的（legal）”修飾，并且根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“確保你的孩子接受合適的教育”可知，此處指的是“法律規(guī)定的義務(wù)”，B選項(xiàng)obligation“（法律上或道義上的）責(zé)任，義務(wù)”，最符合原句。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)liability“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”，側(cè)重于指對某事負(fù)有法律責(zé)任的狀態(tài)，而obligation則具體指需要承擔(dān)的責(zé)任或義務(wù)；

C選項(xiàng)formula“方案”，與“法律上的（legal）”搭配不當(dāng)；

D選項(xiàng)scheme“計(jì)劃”，與“法律上的（legal）”搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】你有義務(wù)確保你的孩子接受合適的教育。

9.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對行為的研究理論。根據(jù)文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產(chǎn)生的對其攻擊行為的社會控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項(xiàng)‘探討研究人員關(guān)于猴子攻擊性理論的發(fā)展‘正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下，對野生動物的研究同樣顯示，饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食，幾乎沒有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動?！甪ooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項(xiàng)‘食物匱乏可能會暫時(shí)增加猴子的攻擊性，但也會導(dǎo)致沖突減少?！_。

3.根據(jù)文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，當(dāng)像Southwick關(guān)于減少空間或食物儲備的實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有產(chǎn)生比群體內(nèi)攻擊性暫時(shí)增加更多的結(jié)果時(shí)，激勵競爭的動機(jī)開始受到質(zhì)疑。確定研究人員對Southwick’s的動機(jī)理論存在懷疑，而非涉及到社會秩序，所以A選項(xiàng)‘他們對研究人員的理論提出了質(zhì)疑，這些理論可以解釋猴子被觀察到的攻擊模式‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一段，可知猴群是等級秩序很嚴(yán)格的，猴子特別注重猴群內(nèi)的等級，猴群對于外來者，往往會產(chǎn)生敵對行為，而對于外來者來說，也是對猴群的威脅，C選項(xiàng)‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.這些對入侵者的研究表明，同一物種的成年成員第一次相互介紹時(shí)表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)大的敵意，因?yàn)樵谌狈ι鐣刃虻那闆r下，必須建立一個(gè)人來控制動物間的關(guān)系。由此可知，此種行為是為了對動物內(nèi)部行為進(jìn)行有效控制，防止出現(xiàn)侵略性和敵對行為。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.文章主要論述了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究猴群內(nèi)等級地位，以及外來者的敵對和侵略行為。文章主要是壓縮猴群的生存空間的研究對猴群的攻擊以及侵略行為的影響等原因進(jìn)行了說明。A選項(xiàng)‘在實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中，空間的減少如何影響猴子群體內(nèi)的攻擊性?’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘為爭奪食物和其他猴群競爭’并沒有涉及，C選項(xiàng)‘對機(jī)制建立控制猴群的侵略性行為‘也沒有說明，D選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.單選題

Thebrick-and-mortarmuseumthatexistsintherealworldisunlikelytobecomeobsolete,but“visiting”museumsincyberspaceisnowacommonpastime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hobby

B.fashion

C.mode

D.pattern

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hobby業(yè)余愛好（活動）B.fashion（衣服、發(fā)式等的）流行款式，時(shí)興式樣

C.mode風(fēng)格，樣式D.pattern模式

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】pastime的意思為“消遣，休閑活動”，指的是在線參觀博物館已成為一種普遍的休閑活動，只有hobby與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的實(shí)體博物館不太可能過時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在在線參觀博物館已成為一種普遍的休閑活動。

11.單選題

Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allies

B.resources

C.freedom

D.education

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：只要國家本身不能積蓄足夠的力量來支配其他的人，他們就必須依賴于（）。

allies同盟國；resources資源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。選項(xiàng)A“同盟國”符合句意。

12.單選題

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)seized“逮住，抓住”；B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”；C選項(xiàng)calculated“計(jì)算”；D選項(xiàng)split“劈開”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民數(shù)量從112人下降到了58人。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿鄙偈澄锖退?，可知后半句中非法移民?shù)量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”合適。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

ThoughonemayquestionthedegreetowhichtheCivilWarrepresentsamilestoneinwomen’spursuitofsocial,economic,andpoliticalequality,Leonard’srecentstudyhasexcelledthatofherpredecessorGinzbergindebunkingpersistentmythsaboutwomen’sprimaryrelationtothewarasweepingwidows,self-sacrificingwives,patrioticfiancees,andloyaldaughters.Leonardasksifthewartimeworkofnorthernwomeninfluencedpopularperceptionsofwomen’sabilities,andifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers.Findingintheaffirmative,shearguesthathomefrontactivitiesgeneratedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen,whileparticipationreinforcedtheirself-relianceandself-esteem.

Incontrasttoherpredecessors,whosawthewarastransformingtheideologyofbenevolence,Leonardfindsthatwomen’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.Itwasoncebelievedthatwartimebenevolenceheightenedchangesemerginginthe1850sbyreplacingtheantebellumideologyofgenderdifferenceandfemalemoralsuperioritywithanewideologyofgendersimilarityandamoremasculineethosofdisciplineandefficiency.Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.

AweakpointofLeonard’stheoryisherassessmentofthethemesofpostwarhistoriesofwomen’swartimeservice.Leonardviewstheseworksasextollingwomen’sself-sacrificeandabilitytocooperatemenwhiledownplayingwomen’sdemandsforstatusandpayandignoringthescopeofwomen’sadministrativegenius.Butothertheorists,mostnotablyGinzbergthavearguedthatthesesameworksmayalsobeviewedaspraisingtheefficiencyofthenewcentralizedandnationalcharitableorganizations,women’swage-earningcapacity,andtheirsubordinationoffemininefeelingandenthusiasmtobusiness-likeandwar-likeroutinizationandorder.Twosetsofvalues—oldernotionsofbenevolenceandnewdemandsofpublicservice—wereatwarintheNorth,awarthatcanbeplottedthroughtensionsaboutpayingwages,centralizingcorporatefunctionsofbenevolence,relatingbenevolencetogovernment,andusingfundsforadministrative—asopposedtostrictlycharitable—purposes.Itmaywellbethatwartimemasculinizationoftheideologyofbenevolencepushedwomenfurtherfromboththesymbolicandtherealcentersofpowerforsocialchangeandhastenedinsteadaclass-basedallianceforsocialwelfare.ButwecanagreewithLeonardthatthewarforcedmentoyieldground,sharingandsometimesevensurrenderingterritory,power,andstatusinthepublicrealm.

25.WhichoftheFollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

26.Accordingtothepassage，Leonardassertsthatwomen’sactivitiesduringtheCivilWarhadallofthefollowingpositiveeffectsEXCEPT

27.Itcanbeinferred-fromthepassagethatLeonardwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofwomenduringtheCivilWar?

I.Antebellumvalueswereexpanded,notreplaced,inordertodevelopnewdefinitionsofwomanhood.

II.Historianshavepaidinsufficientattentiontodemandsforhigherstatuswomenmadeduringthewar.

III.Onthewhole,thewarwasdetrimentaltotheperceptionofwomen.

28.ItcanbeinferredthatLeonardwouldmostlikelyconsiderwhichofthefollowinghypotheticalcasesofCivilWarwomentheLEASTsupportiveofherthesis?

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

30.WithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofLeonard'stheorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheInfluenceofElizabethLeonardonHistoriansofFeminismintheCivilWar

B.Leonard’sExplanationofHowtheCivilWarImprovedthePlightofWomen

C.FeminismintheCivilWar:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject

D.TheHeritageofBenevolence:TheCivilWar’sContributiontoWomen'sCharitableOrganizations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerepraisedasaidingthewarcause.

B.Theyimprovedwomen'seconomicsituation.

C.Theywereconsideredproofofwomen’sabilitiestoorganizethemselves.

D.Theycreatednewoccupationalopportunitiesforwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.I,II,andIII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Awidowwhopatrioticallyrefusedtoremarry,evenafterhersoldierhusbandwaskilledinbattle

B.Awomanwhoshiftedfromworkingasaseamstresstorunninganarmyuniformfactory

C.AwomanwhodressedasaSouthernsoldierinordertocrossenemylinesasaspy

D.Awomanwhoestablishedacharityinordertocollectmoneyforprosthesesforwaramputees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussesareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis,drawsontheworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis,

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy,describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itlaystoomuchimportanceupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.

B.Itfailstoacknowledgethatmasculinizationofwar-timeeffortsmayhavebeendetrimentaltothefeministcause.

C.Ittendstooveremphasizetheroleofwomeninshiftingtheirstatusoverthecourseofthewar.

D.Itbasesitsthesistooexclusivelyonwhite,Yankee,middle-classwomen,ignoringeveryothersocialandracialclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】25.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者全文探討的重點(diǎn)是對于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)給女性（女權(quán)）帶來的影響，作者及其前輩研究者持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CivilWar”“women”“othertheorists…argue…”即可得出本題答案。

26.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段，根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)“ifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers（是否后方生產(chǎn)被認(rèn)為有助于提高士兵的戰(zhàn)備）”“generatedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen（尊重婦女的組織才能，為婦女創(chuàng)造新的工作機(jī)會）”，即可得出A、C、D三項(xiàng)符合原文，而選項(xiàng)B原文并未提及，從而得出本題答案。

試題答案B

27.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第三句和第四句，“Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.”從而可判斷I與原文相符。而II、III明顯與原文不符，從而得出本題答案。

28.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。注意題干關(guān)鍵詞“theleastsupportive”，根據(jù)原文信息點(diǎn)“charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhood”“expandtheboundaries”“broughtforthpositivechanges”即可得出本題答案。

29.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析題。通讀全文后即可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)D最為吻合作者的行文結(jié)構(gòu)。從而得出本題答案。

30.

事實(shí)推斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段信息點(diǎn)“women’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.（婦女戰(zhàn)爭工作在很大程度上借鑒了戰(zhàn)前婦女的性質(zhì)和范圍的意識形態(tài)。）”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷。從而得出本題答案。

14.單選題

Hewasavery____electricianandcouldrepairallkindsofelectricappliance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.competent

B.elaborate

C.industrious