考研考博-英語(yǔ)-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延長(zhǎng)；lingered逗留。句意：那位名醫(yī)開(kāi)的藥的討厭味道在他嘴里（）了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Scientistsare（）certainthatthereisacancer-inhibitingagentinthebloodoftheshark.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dubiously

B.virtually

C.queerly

D.randomly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dubiously“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項(xiàng)virtually“事實(shí)上，幾乎”；C選項(xiàng)queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D選項(xiàng)randomly“隨便地，任意地；無(wú)目的地”。句意：科學(xué)家們幾乎確信鯊魚(yú)的血中有一種抗癌物質(zhì)?！皏irtuallycertain幾乎確信”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecaptainperformshisdutieswithgreat_______andallthecrewbelievedthattheycangetoverthestorm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affection

B.suspicion

C.assurance

D.definition

【答案】C

【解析】affection喜愛(ài),影響;suspicion懷疑;assurance確信,斷言,withassurance指有把握地,自信地;definition定義。句意：船長(zhǎng)信心十足地履行著他的職責(zé)，所有的船員都相信他們能夠戰(zhàn)勝暴風(fēng)雨。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Hehasbeen（）alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.employing

B.exerting

C.endeavoring

D.aspiring

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“給……施加壓力”。句意：他對(duì)我施加了很大的壓力，要求我改變主意。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

5.單選題

（）thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseof

B.Butfor

C.Inspiteof

D.Asfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)Becauseof表示“因?yàn)椤保籅選項(xiàng)Butfor表示“要不是”；C選項(xiàng)Inspiteof表示“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Asfor表示“關(guān)于，至于”。分析句意可知，要不是他有錢(qián)的叔叔幫忙，他今天不可能過(guò)著富裕的生活。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Myeldestdaughter,anInternetconsultant,isonly30,butshehasalreadylivedinfivedifferenthousesinfivedifferentplacesandhashadaboutsixdifferentjobs.EverytimeIvisither,Inoticehowmanynewthingsthereareinherhouse,andhowmanythingslieunused,outofdate.Whatisevenmorestrikingishowmanythingstherearewhicharenotexpectedtolast—disposablethings.Disposableplatesandglasses,disposabletowelsandbabies,nappies(尿布).Itsometimesseemsthatweliveinanageofthedisposable.

（1）Thisphenomenonofconstantchangerunsthrougheverythinginlifenowadays,fromfashiontomusic,frommedicinetomotorcars,fromeducationtoemployment.Twoimportantfactorsseemtobedrivingthesechanges.Thefirstistherapidgrowthinknowledgeandtheconsequentrapiddevelopmentoftechnology.Thesecondistherevolutionincommunications,whichmeansthatknowledgeisspreadfasterandmorewidelythanever.Ourtimesareoftencalled“theinformationage”andtheeffectistobringabout“theknowledgeeconomy”.Newtechnologiesandnewknowledgebringabouttheneedfornewskills.（2）

Thespeedwithwhichthesetechnologiesarebeingcreatedissuchthatallofusarefacedwiththechallengeoflearningnewskills,notjustonce,butseveraltimes.Whatweknewyesterdayisoftenobsoletetoday.

Iremembermydaughtersayingtothatshewasat“thecuttingedge”ofherparticularfield.Butwithinfiveyears,shesaid,shewouldhavetodosomethingnewanddifferenttokeepup.Thereisagreatneedforflexibilityandproblem-solvingthanbefore.Tasksrequireagreaterintegrationofskills.

（3）Therewardsoflifegotothemulti-skilled,toflexibleteamsofworkerseachcapableofcontributinginarangeofways.

（4）Tosucceedinthisnewworldofwork,individualswillhavetoregardtheircareersnotjustasaprocessofgatheringexperience,butasaprocessoflearningnewthingsonanalmostcontinuousbasis.Allthissuggeststomethattherelationshipbetweeneducationandemploymenthaschangedradicallyoverthelastfewyears.

（5）OnecouldsummarizethechangebysayingthatwhenIlearnedthingsinordertoachievelife-longemploymentwhilemychildrenneedtopursuelife-longlearninginordertostayemployed.

【答案】1.這種不斷變化的現(xiàn)象如今貫穿著生活中的一切，從時(shí)裝到音樂(lè)，從醫(yī)藥到“摩托車(chē)”，從教育到就業(yè)。

2.創(chuàng)造技術(shù)的速度是這樣的，我們大家都面臨著不只是一次，而是多次地學(xué)習(xí)新技能的挑戰(zhàn)。

3.生活的獎(jiǎng)賞趨向多種技能，以及每個(gè)職工在一個(gè)靈活的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠在多方面做出貢獻(xiàn)。

4.為了在這種新的工作世界中成功，個(gè)人將不得不考慮自己的事業(yè)不僅是一種收集經(jīng)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程，也是一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷地學(xué)習(xí)新事物的過(guò)程。

5.人們可以總結(jié)說(shuō)，我學(xué)東西是為了獲得終生的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，而我的孩子則需要終生學(xué)習(xí)，以維持就業(yè)。

7.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intensify（使）加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；加劇B.amplify放大；增強(qiáng)（聲音等）

C.enlarge擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：把這個(gè)旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以……收音機(jī)的聲音。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，此處應(yīng)該是放大收音機(jī)的聲音。B選項(xiàng)指放大聲音，符合語(yǔ)境，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)intensify“（使）加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；加劇”，指在程度或深度上增強(qiáng)，而句中指的是放大聲音，并不是增強(qiáng)聲音，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)enlarge“擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充”，指使……變大，該處強(qiáng)調(diào)放大聲音，C選項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有特指放大聲音。而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音的放大，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)更合適；

D選項(xiàng)reinforce“加固”，指使堅(jiān)固，尤指通過(guò)添加另一種材料使結(jié)構(gòu)或材料更堅(jiān)固，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】把這個(gè)旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以放大收音機(jī)的聲音。

8.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge（

）ourthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.uponwhichtobase

C.towhichtobebasedon

D.whichtobaseupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：沒(méi)有事實(shí)，我們就不能形成有價(jià)值的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲覀兊乃伎际墙⒃谑聦?shí)知識(shí)之上。ourthinking與factualknowledge之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。再由句意：“思考是建立在事實(shí)知識(shí)之上”，可知B項(xiàng)為試題答案。

9.單選題

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither（

）theoriginalownerorelsebesoldatauction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.committo

B.backto

C.proceedto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。committo“把……投入”；backto“后退到”；proceedto“繼續(xù)下去”；revertto“回復(fù)；歸還”。句意：根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，這些財(cái)產(chǎn)將歸還給原主，否則就被拍賣(mài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是一個(gè)介詞+代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介詞搭配，fightafter“在……之后戰(zhàn)斗”；fightwith“與……一起戰(zhàn)斗”；fightfor“為……而戰(zhàn)，而奮斗”。句意：他為之奮斗終生的目標(biāo)對(duì)他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定語(yǔ)，將fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

11.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個(gè)過(guò)來(lái)聽(tīng)我報(bào)告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谘芯颗d趣上有很多相同點(diǎn)，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來(lái)自加拿大和中國(guó)地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點(diǎn)。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意推測(cè)為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

12.單選題

（

）inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegirl’sbeingeducated

B.Thegirltobeeducated

C.Thegirlbeingeducated

D.Thegirlhavingbeeneducated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。題干的中inanatmosphereofsimpleliving作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句作從句的賓語(yǔ)，題干中是缺主語(yǔ)。B、C、D的主語(yǔ)都是thegirl，句子意思是在單純環(huán)境下接受教育的女孩是父母想要的，但是句子的本意應(yīng)該是女孩生活在單純的環(huán)境下接受教育是父母想要的，所以答案只能選A。

13.單選題

TheParthenon,abuildinginAthens,Greece,isperhapsoneofthemostMemorablestructuresonEarth.Built25centuriesago,itisoneofthegreatarchitecturaloftheancientworld.Therearemanyreasonsforitsgreatness.

Background

AthenswasthemostimportantcityinancientGreece.In480B.C.GreeceattackbyboththePersianarmyandthePersiannavy.TheAtheniancommander,Themistocles,knewthathisforcescouldnotdefeatthePersianarraythenmarchingtowardAthens.HopinginsteadtomakeastandagainstthePersiansatsea,ThemistoclesandhisforcesfledAthensforanearbyisland.AlthoughthePersianarmyoverwhelmedAthensandleftitinruins,theGreeknavy,ledbyThemistocles,annihilatedthePersianfleet.ThisvictorybytheGreeksledallPersianforcestoretreatwithinoneyear.

About30yearslaterthebuildingoftheParthenonbegan.Constructiontookplacebetween447and432B.C.DuringtheruleofPericles,theParthenonwasconstructedonthesamesiteasanunfinishedstructureintendedtohonorthemenwhohadlosttheirlifeinanearlierbattleagainstthePersians.TheParthenonwouldstandasasymbolofthestrengthlivesandimportanceoftheGreekpeople.

Location

ManyimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolis,or“highcity”,onwhichpeopleconstructedimportantbuildings.Theacropoliswasthehighestandmostdefensiblelocation,soitalsoservedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack.TheParthenonislocatedabout500feetabovethecityofAthens.BeforetheParthenoncouldbebuilt,someareasoftheacropolishadtobeleveleddown,andotherareashadtobebuiltup.Thenalarge,solidfoundationwasconstructedouttolimestoneblocks.Theentireareawasbuttressedbyareinforcingwall.

Description

TheParthenonisarectangularstructureconsistingoftwoinnerareassurroundedbycolumns.Thereareeightcolumnsateachendandseventeencolumnsalongeachside.Itisalargestructure,consideringwhenitwasbuilt.Itisabout200feetlongandabout100feetwide.Itstandsabout60feethigh.

Construction

OneextraordinaryaspectoftheParthenonisitsconstruction.Itrequiredbetween20,000and30,000tonsofmarblethathadtobepreciselycarvedsothathugeblocksofitcouldbefittedtogetherwithoutmortartoformthecolumnsandinteriorwalls.

Perhapsevenmoreimpressivearethe“opticalcorrections”thatwereused.ThecolumnsbulgeslightlyinthemiddlebecauseexperiencehadshowntheGreeksthatperfectlystraightcolumnswouldnotlookstraighttoviewer.Becausecomercolumnsnormallysmallerthanothers,thecomercolumnsoftheParthenonweremadeslightlythickerandwereplacedclosertotheothercolumns.Thecolumnswerealsodesignedtoleaninwardslightlybecauseperfectlyperpendicularcolumnsseemtoslantoutward.FurthermoretheplatformonwhichtheParthenonsitswasmadetocurveupwardinthemiddlebecauseperfectlylevelfloorwouldappeartosaginthecenter.

TheParthenonstandstodaydespitethefactthatthecenturiesthathavepassed.ItisatimelesstributetotheenduringcultureoftheGreekpeopleandisconsideredamodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction.Itestablishedtheclassicstyleofarchitectureseentodayinmanypublicbuildings,suchastheWhiteHouseand.theLincolnMemorialinWashington.D.C.ThisarchitecturalstyleisalastinggiftfromtheancientGreekstothemodemworld.

21.TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.

22.Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.

23.ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.

24.ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.

25.WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amusement

B.suspicion

C.amazement

D.disapproval

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedcompletely

B.understood

C.examinedcarefully

D.survived

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasion

B.houseaParthenon

C.imprisonthePersianforces

D.honorPericles

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestone

B.requiredmuchefforttobuild

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthens

D.wasnevercompletelyfinished

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.60feet

B.100feet

C.200feet

D.500feet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.這篇文章的作者可能用____來(lái)看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（Parthenon）。

A.amusementA.娛樂(lè)

B.suspicionB.懷疑

C.amazementC.驚訝

D.disapprovalD.反對(duì)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者如何看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟。原文首段提到“希臘雅典的帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟可能是地球上最令人難忘的（themostMemorable）建筑之一”；中間各段分別介紹了神廟的背景、地址、建筑特征等；原文最后一段提到“它是對(duì)希臘人民持久文化的永恒致敬（atimelesstribute），被認(rèn)為是理念和建設(shè)方面的卓越典范（amodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction）”，以及“這種建筑風(fēng)格是古希臘人送給現(xiàn)代世界的永恒禮物（alastinggift）”。由此可知，作者整體上是贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)神廟的，驚訝于它的成就，語(yǔ)氣也比較正式和認(rèn)真，C選項(xiàng)“驚訝”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“娛樂(lè)”、B選項(xiàng)“懷疑”、D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”不符合原文語(yǔ)氣。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.在這篇文章中，“annihilated”這個(gè)詞的意思是____。

A.destroyedcompletelyA.完全摧毀

B.understoodB.理解

C.examinedcarefullyC.仔細(xì)檢查

D.survivedD.幸存

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞annihilated定位到原文Background小節(jié)第1段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“盡管（Although）波斯軍隊(duì)（Persianarmy）擊潰了（overwhelmed）雅典（Athens）并將其夷為廢墟，但在Themistocles的帶領(lǐng)下，希臘海軍（theGreeknavy）____了波斯艦隊(duì)（thePersianfleet）?！备鶕?jù)句意可知，前后兩句句意之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前一句講到波斯軍隊(duì)打敗了雅典，那么后一句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)希臘海軍贏了波斯海軍。并且后文提到“希臘人的勝利（victory）導(dǎo)致波斯軍隊(duì)在一年內(nèi)全部撤退”，由此可知，希臘人勝利了。因此，該詞的詞義應(yīng)該為A選項(xiàng)“完全摧毀”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“理解”、C選項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)檢查”、D選項(xiàng)“幸存”不符合原文語(yǔ)境。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.這篇文章表明，古希臘最重要的城市都有一個(gè)衛(wèi)城來(lái)____。

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasionA.在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己

B.houseaParthenonB.放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟

C.imprisonthePersianforcesC.囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)

D.honorPericlesD.紀(jì)念伯里克利

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞mostimportantcitiesinancientGreece和anacropolis定位到原文Location小節(jié)，該小節(jié)第2句提到“衛(wèi)城是海拔最高、防御能力最強(qiáng)的地方（mostdefensiblelocation），因此在敵人進(jìn)攻時(shí)，它也可以作為要塞（servedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack）?！庇纱丝芍?，衛(wèi)城的目的是用來(lái)防御的，A選項(xiàng)“在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟”、C選項(xiàng)“囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念伯里克利”，非原文所說(shuō)建造衛(wèi)城的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.讀者可以得出結(jié)論，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟____。

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestoneA.柱子是石灰石做的

B.requiredmuchefforttobuildB.需要付出很大的努力才能建成

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthensC.里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿

D.wasnevercompletelyfinishedD.從未完全完成

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Parthenon和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞build定位到原文Description和Construction小節(jié)。Description小節(jié)提到“考慮到它建成的時(shí)間，它是一個(gè)很大的結(jié)構(gòu)（alargestructure）。它大約有200英尺長(zhǎng)，100英尺寬。它大約有60英尺高。”另外，Construction小節(jié)第1段第2句，該句提到“它需要兩萬(wàn)到三萬(wàn)噸的大理石（marble），這些大理石必須經(jīng)過(guò)精確的雕刻（bepreciselycarved），才能在不使用灰泥的情況下（withoutmortar）組裝成圓柱和內(nèi)墻。”由此可知，該神廟很大，并且工藝很復(fù)雜，B選項(xiàng)“需要付出很大的努力才能建成”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“柱子是石灰石做的”，原文提到柱子是大理石做的，而不是石灰石，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第3句提到“在伯里克利統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（theParthenon）和一座未完工的建筑建在同一地點(diǎn)，該未完成的建筑的目的是（anunfinishedstructureintended）紀(jì)念在早期與波斯人的戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲的人?！庇纱丝芍o(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿不是帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“從未完全完成”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第2句提到“建造于（Constructiontookplace）公元前447年至432年之間”，由此可知，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟修建完成了。并且由C選項(xiàng)解析可知，未完成的是另一個(gè)建筑，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的大概長(zhǎng)度是多少？

A.60feetA.60英尺

B.100feetB.100英尺

C.200feetC.200英尺

D.500feetD.500英尺

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lengthoftheParthenon定位到原文Description小節(jié)，該節(jié)倒數(shù)第2句提到“它大約有200英尺長(zhǎng)（200feetlong），100英尺寬?！币虼耍绢}答案為C選項(xiàng)“200英尺”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“60英尺”、B選項(xiàng)“100英尺”、D選項(xiàng)“500英尺”均不符合原文。

14.單選題

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinfections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords,afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_____.

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinparagraph2.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_____.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.changesintheformsofwords.

B.changesinsentencestructures.

C.changesinspellingrules.

D.wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.historian

B.philosopher

C.anthropologist

D.linguist

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“...,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.”直到現(xiàn)在，人們才有一種強(qiáng)烈的趨勢(shì)，那就是重新研究和評(píng)價(jià)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中人們說(shuō)話和寫(xiě)作的方式。由此可知，現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)家根據(jù)人們說(shuō)話和寫(xiě)作的方式而不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者模式來(lái)評(píng)估語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Andwhensomewordinflections...suchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.”可知“inflection”其意為“單詞變形”，選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的一二三四句“Wroupbutofmany.”可知選項(xiàng)A，C，D正確。選項(xiàng)B其他語(yǔ)言對(duì)英語(yǔ)的重大影響在本文中并未提及。

4.本文主要是講英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的變化與發(fā)展,由此推斷作者應(yīng)該為語(yǔ)言學(xué)家。

5.本文主要是講英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的變化與發(fā)展,并不是講述英語(yǔ)歷史，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B和D只是文章的片段，不夠全面，所以本題選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

Everytimeanoldbuildingistomdowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.

Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenbankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.

Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.

ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.

“Wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtomdown，”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtomdownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-towall-carpetedmoneyfactor.”

“Nowfromanaestheticviewpoint,abanklooksbetterthanafrycleaner,acandystore,adelicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.

“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.”

“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”

“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”

“Exactly.Oneofthereasonskidsaregettinginsomuchtroublethesedaysisthattherearecandystorestohangaroundanymore.Whenteardownadelicatessen,thetangysmellofpotatosalad,cornedbeefanddillpicklesarelostforever.Unlessyou’retryingtomakealoan,nooneeversalivatesinabank.”

“Itistrue,”Isaid.

“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid,“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”

“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’squestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit，”Isaid.

“Somethinglikethat，”Hubbardagreed.“We’retryingtogetthepublictowakeuptoafactthatit’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”

“What’sthesolution?”

“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittoredownonthesameproperty.Ifit’sabakery,theyhavetosellcake,ifit’saphotographyshop,theyhavetodevelopfilms,andifit’sadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside.”

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）

2.Thisessayiswritteninatoneof（）.

3.Theauthortalksaboutthe“BankBirthControl”groupbecause（）.

4.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsmallneighborhoodstoresisthatthey（）.

5.Theauthormakeshispointbyusing（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Practicallyeverynewcommercialbuildingerectedtodayisownedbyabank.

B.Banksareattemptingtodrivesmallmerchantsoutofservice.

C.Newbanksarenotassetstoaneighborhoodinspiteoftheirattractiveappearance.

D.Byoccupyinggroundfloorspaceinnewbuildings,banksarereplacingneighborhoodshoppingconveniences.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.humorousexaggeration

B.humorousunderstatement

C.seriousanger

D.seriousfearofthefuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisthenameofarealgroup

B.hehopestobecomeitspresident

C.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispoint

D.heisinfavorofallkindsofbirthcontrol

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredirty

B.areconvenientandcolorful

C.shouldbereplacedbybanks

D.shouldbecomesupermarkets

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.satire

B.drama

C.romance

D.poetry

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段是本文的中心段落，當(dāng)舊的建筑物被拆除，新的建筑物新建后，一樓都變成了銀行，很多商店比如糖果店、干洗店、熟食店、花店等都被新建筑取代了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章主要提到了HuddlestoneHubbard的觀點(diǎn)，多處以幽默的方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)，但是并沒(méi)有夸張的成分，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl提到但仍有一小部分人為了控制銀行的產(chǎn)生而奮斗。這里作者用group來(lái)形容這一群人，實(shí)際上是以一種幽默的方式來(lái)表明這一部分人的人數(shù)之少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章從第8段到第10段主要講述其他商店能夠給人們帶來(lái)的便利而銀行不可以。作者在第11段給了自己的觀點(diǎn):“It’strue”。說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)同上一段的觀點(diǎn)，即小社區(qū)商店方便又豐富多彩。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:作者采用幽默諷刺的手法表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。比如第12段提到attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry“以他們現(xiàn)在拆商店然后用銀行代替的速度來(lái)看，估計(jì)十年后在這個(gè)國(guó)家很難找到一片面包”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswouldlegitimizeherlongeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.testify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。legitimize意為“使合法化，證明……為有理（或正當(dāng)）”；justify意為“證明……有理”；testify意為“作證”；rectify意為“改正，校正”；verify意為“核實(shí)，查對(duì)”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到確定所得到的結(jié)果可以證明自己長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的努力是有理由的。

17.翻譯題

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不開(kāi)心就像一種傳染病。它使人們對(duì)不快樂(lè)的人敬而遠(yuǎn)之。不快樂(lè)的人很快就會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)自己既孤獨(dú)又悲慘，充滿怨恨。但是，有一種乍一看似乎荒謬可笑，實(shí)際卻非常簡(jiǎn)單的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快樂(lè)，那就假裝快樂(lè)吧!

這個(gè)辦法的確行之有效。不久你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你不再排斥別人，而是開(kāi)始吸引他們。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)被越來(lái)越多善意的人們包圍的感覺(jué)是多么的值得！

于是，假裝的變成了真實(shí)的。一旦快樂(lè)被認(rèn)為是一種責(zé)任并成為一種習(xí)慣，它就會(huì)向我們敞開(kāi)一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花園的大門(mén)。

18.案例題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleastenyearsago.youcannothelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhair-stylesandmake-uplookdated:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.Thementakingpartinthefilm,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthattheybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.

Thisillusioniscreatedbychangingfashions.（1）.

Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyearafewso-calledtopdesignersinParisorLondonlaydownthelawandwomenoverthewholeworldrushtoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Thisyear,theydecideintheirarbitraryfashion,skirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;zipsareinandbuttonsareout.Nextyearthelawisreversedandfarfromtakingexception,nooneisevenmildlysurprised.

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryeartheyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.（2）.Clothes,whichhavebeenworn,onlyafewtimeshavetobediscardedbecauseofthedictatesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomeniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

（3）.Manywomensquandervastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Women,whocannotaffordtodiscardclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Hem-limesaretakenuporletdown;waist-linesaretakeninorletout;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

（4）.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,providingtheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshiveringinaflimsydressonawintryday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowindaintyshoes.

（5）.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofficklenessandinstability?Menaretoosensibletoletthemselvesbebulliedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityand