考研考博-英語-北京理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:大雨過后，叫來一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房頂。

考查形容詞辨析。leaking滲漏的，泄漏的(leak的現(xiàn)在分詞)；tricklingtrickle(滴，細(xì)細(xì)地流，慢慢地移動(dòng))的現(xiàn)在分詞；prominent突出的，顯著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable顯而易見的，顯著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。

2.單選題

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世紀(jì)60年代開始跑步時(shí)，曾是一名煙民，體重214磅”和后面句意“他的體重減少了60磅”可知此處表示跑步帶來的好處，因此填reap（取得（成果），收獲）。

52.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面可知JimFix在出版書時(shí)，通過跑步體重減少了60磅，這是一件正面積極的事，可知此處表示他的書鼓勵(lì)了其他人，因此選A。

53.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均壽命）可知D選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)，表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)是怎樣回報(bào)人的，以及增加人均壽命”。

54.考查名詞辨析。endurance意為“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意為“證據(jù)，跡象”；supplement意為“補(bǔ)充”；allowance意為“津貼，補(bǔ)貼”。此處表示很多反對(duì)他的人說他的死是證明跑步有害的證據(jù)，因此選B。

55.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rewrite意為“重寫，改寫”；revise意為“修改（意見或計(jì)劃），修訂（書刊）”；reverse意為“顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)”；reveal意為“揭示，顯示”。此處表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心臟病”，因此選D。

56.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。obtain意為“獲得，得到”；sustain意為“維持，保持”；suffer意為“遭受”；surpass意為“超過”。此處表示“他的父親在35歲時(shí)遭受心臟病”，因此選C。

57.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acknowledge意為“承認(rèn)”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”；communicate意為“溝通，交流”；apologize意為“道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。此處表示“PaulThomas承認(rèn)跑步的不足之處”，因此選A。

58.考查名詞辨析。consequence意為“結(jié)果，成果”；impact意為“影響”；weight意為“重量”；press意為“壓，按”。此處表示“對(duì)膝蓋的影響會(huì)比較大”，因此選B。

59.考查副詞辨析。explicitly意為“明白地，明確地”；particularly意為“特別，尤其”；commonly意為“通常地”；singularly意為“非常地”。此處表示“跑步的人在訓(xùn)練中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大，尤其是如果他們跑馬拉松的話”，因此選B。

60.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（對(duì)于跑步者來說，這個(gè)消息并不全是壞消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之處，可知此處表示對(duì)比，因此選A，however意為“然而”，可表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

3.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實(shí)際上，他們小組其他成員都不會(huì)像他那樣做。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)，動(dòng)搖”；B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)；搖擺”；C選項(xiàng)plummet“墜落，掉下”；D選項(xiàng)mutate“突變”。填入動(dòng)詞過去式做謂語，其主語是theaircraft，由關(guān)鍵信息thedamagedengine“損壞的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”可知plummet“墜落，掉下”符合題意，句意為：因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)損壞，飛機(jī)起飛后5分鐘就降落到地面上。故答案選C。

5.單選題

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲觀的；miserable悲慘的；shadowy朦朧的，有陰影的；obscure模糊的，晦澀的。句意：盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)前景暗淡，但是制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量卻略有上升。由inspiteof及risen可知，前后為讓步關(guān)系，故該空應(yīng)與risen意思相反，并且能修飾經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的只有A項(xiàng)。答案A

6.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere（）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprayed

B.separated

C.dispersed

D.scattered

【答案】D

【解析】spray噴霧,噴射；separate分離,隔開；disperse分散,多指把一群人或物等徹底驅(qū)散；scatter指人或物向四處散開,或把物隨意撒開。句意：回形針、圖釘和安全別針散落在地板上。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

LAPDChiefCharlieBeck'stenurehashelpedanswerquestionsthatlingeredaftertheRampartconsentdecreeendedandoutsiderChiefWilliamJ.Brattonsteppeddown:HasL.A.'spolicingculturepermanentlychanged?Orwithoutsiderchiefsandfederalmonitorsgone,willtheLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentreturntoitsbrutal,secretiveandracially-tingedpast?

Adepartmentveteranwho,underBratton'stutelage,becameatruebelieverindata,transparencyandchange,Beckhelpedinstillamoreopen,reform-orientedculture.Hewassuccessfulinpartbecausehe'ssmartandhisheartwasintherightplace,butalsobecauseheisold-schoolLAPD,sonofacop,siblingtoandfatherofcops.Hisembraceofdepartmentalreforminthepost-Ramparterawasastrongsignaltotherank-and-file,tothecity'spoliticalleadersandtocommunitiesthatoftensufferedbrutalpolicingtacticsthatthenewthinkingandnewpracticesweretheretostay.

BeckannouncedFridaythathewouldstepdowninJune,beforetheendofhissecondandfinalfive-yearterm.

Eventhoughheisnotelected,heisasavvypoliticianwhocorrectlyreadwhatthemayor,thePoliceCommissionandthepeopleofLosAngeleswantedfromhimandwhattoanextenthewasabletodeliver:lowcrime,noscandals,littlecontroversy.Hebecameadeptattheregularradiointerviewandthesoundbiteonimmigrationenforcementandcriminaljusticereform.

AtatimeofnationalawakeningandoutrageoverpoliceshootingsofunarmedAfricanAmericanmenandboys,BeckandtheLAPDoftenlookedgoodincomparison,atleastforawhile.

Buttherehavebeentroublingexceptions.JustdaysafterapoliceofficerfatallyshotMichaelBrowninFerguson,Montana.,LAPDofficersshotanotherunarmedAfricanAmericanman,EzellFord,inLosAngeles.Beckconcludedthattheshootingwasjustifieddespitehispolicecommission'sfindingtothecontrary.Hisaction,andDistrictAttorneyJackieLacey'sdecisionayearagonottoprosecute—alongwithnumerousotherofficer-involvedshootings—haveexacerbatedtensionbetweenthedepartmentandmanyofthecommunitiesitpatrols.

Beck'sdecisionwastorespondtoanincreaseinviolentcrimeinSouthLosAngeleswithincreasedpatrolsandwhatamountstoanL.A.-stylestop-and-friskpolicy(automobilestopsforarguablypretextualreasonssuchasbrokentaillights,inordertosearchforweapons).

Didthetacticwork?Theviolenceeventuallyabated,butnotbeforepolicereopenedoldwoundsandreinvigoratedanti-policesentimentincommunitiesthatfeltover-patroled.Activists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings.

Meanwhile,althoughLosAngelescontinuestoenjoyhistoricallylowcrimerates,thedeclinesbeganaslightbuttroublingreversein2015.Thescandal-freeledgerwastaintedbythe2013rampageoffiredofficerChristopherDorner,whopostedamanifestoofchargesagainstthedepartment,thenkilledfourpeopleandwoundedthreeothersbeforedyingaspoliceclosedinonhim.LAPDofficerswoundedthreeinnocentbystandersintheirsometimesfreneticquesttotrackdownDorner.Therewasascandalofanothersortwhenpolicecadets,aidedbyanofficer,stolecruisersandotherequipment.Theirexploitswentundetectedforweeks.

BeckearnshighmarksformanaginganinherenttensionfacedinrecentdecadesbyeveryLAPDchief.Inacityinwhichpublicsafetyaccountsformorethan80%ofthecitybudget,hefacedstrongpressureinCityHallandmanycommunitiestoeconomize.Atthesametime,manyofthesamecriticswanthimtoprovidebetterpatrolsinlower-crimepartsofthecitywhilestillbeingabletorespondinforcetospatesofviolenceinhigh-crimecommunities,andwhileemployingamorecommunity-orientedapproachtopolicingcitywide.Accomplishingallofthosegoalssimultaneouslyissimplynotpossible.

BeckisthefourthLAPDchieftobeappointedunderakeychangethatfollowedthe1992riots,whichweresparkedbyacquittalsofofficersinthebrutalbeatingofAfricanAmericanmotoristRodneyKing.Afterdecadesinwhichchiefscouldretaintheirjobsvirtuallyforlife,leadersofthedepartmentarenowappointedtoasinglefive-yeartermandcanbeappointedtoasecond—butnomore.ChiefsWillieWilliamsandBernardParksweredeniedsecondterms.Brattonwonasecondbutleftearlyforotheropportunities.Beck'sJunedeparturedateleavesplentyoftimeforthecommissionandMayorEricGarcettitoconsiderahostofwould-bereplacementsamongtheyoungerbrasswhomBeckhasmentored.

1.TowhatextenthastheLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentchangedunderBeck?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Whydoyouthinkactivists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethelastsentenceofthepassage?

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardCharlieBeckaschiefofLosAngelesPoliceDepartment?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Permanently.

B.Untilhestepsdown.

C.Notatall.

D.Temporarily.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.CharlieBeck'sprotectingLAPDofficersaggravatedtherelationshipbetweenthedepartmentandthecommunities.

B.CharlieBeck'spolicyofincreasingpatrolsandthestop-and-friskpolicyhavebeencontroversialamongthelocalpeople.

C.ChristopherDornerwasangrywiththeLAPDandabreactedhisdissatisfactionbykillinginnocentpeople.

D.TheLAPDwillreturntoabrutal,secretive,andracially-tingedpastafterChiefsWillieWilliamsandBernardParks'retirement.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasmaladroitinradiointerviewandthesoundbiteonimmigrationenforcementandcriminaljusticereform.

B.WhenAmericanswereoutragedoverpoliceshootingsofunarmedAfricanAmericans,LAPDunderBeck'sleadershipdidwell.

C.BeckearnshighmarksformanaginganinherenttensionfacedinrecentdecadesbyeveryLAPDchief.

D.Theincreasedpatrolofthepolicearousedananti-policesentimentincommunities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.It'simperativethatBeck'ssuccessorbesomeonewhocanbuildonhislegacyandcontinuemovingthedepartmentdownthepathofreform.

B.AfterannouncingonFridaythathewouldstepdowninJunebeforecompletinghissecondtermonthejob,BeckreflectedonhisLAPDcareerofmorethan40years.

C.CharlieBeck,whoseowncareerwiththeLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentspannedfourdecades,willretirethissummer,endinganeight-yeartenureaspolicechief.

D.CharlieBeckwascreditedwithmajorreformsinthedepartmentandageneraldeclineinhomicidesbutalsohadsomemissteps.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Cynical.

B.Neutral.

C.Prejudiced.

D.Critical.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題干：洛杉磯警察局在貝克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下發(fā)生了多大程度的變化？

A選項(xiàng)意為“永久地”；B選項(xiàng)意為“直到他下臺(tái)”；C選項(xiàng)意為“根本不”；D選項(xiàng)意為“暫時(shí)地”。由文章第四段中的lowcrime,noscandals,littlecontroversy（低犯罪率，沒有丑聞，很少爭(zhēng)議）可知貝克在任職期間取得了很大的成就，同時(shí)警察射擊案和貝克的反應(yīng)，以及他打擊犯罪采取的一些措施，已引起一些民眾的強(qiáng)烈不滿，因此選D，洛杉磯警察局在貝克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下暫時(shí)發(fā)生了一些變化，但這些變化不能保證是永久的。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干：下列哪種說法是不正確的？

由文章第六段中的Hisaction······haveexacerbatedtensionbetweenthedepartmentandmanyofthecommunitiesitpatrols.（他的行為······加劇了警察局與其巡邏的許多社區(qū)之間的緊張關(guān)系）可知A選項(xiàng)正確；由倒數(shù)第四段中的Activists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings.（活動(dòng)人士要求貝克下臺(tái)已成為每周委員會(huì)會(huì)議上的一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)）可知B選項(xiàng)正確；由倒數(shù)第三段中的ChristopherDorner,whopostedamanifestoofchargesagainstthedepartment,thenkilledfourpeople（ChristopherDorner發(fā)表了一份針對(duì)洛杉磯警察局的指控宣言，隨后殺死了四人）可知C選項(xiàng)正確；通過排除法可知選D。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：為什么你認(rèn)為積極分子要求貝克被解雇的呼聲在每周的委員會(huì)會(huì)議上成為一種常見的特征？

文章倒數(shù)第四段中內(nèi)容為：戰(zhàn)術(shù)有效嗎？暴力事件最終平息了，但在警察重新打開舊傷口，并在感覺過度巡邏的社區(qū)恢復(fù)了反警察情緒之前，情況并非如此?；顒?dòng)人士要求貝克下臺(tái)已成為每周委員會(huì)會(huì)議上的一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)?？芍谶^度巡邏的社區(qū)中已引起了反警察情緒，因此選D。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)可以是文章的最后一句話？

文章最后一句Beck'sJunedeparturedateleavesplentyoftimeforthecommissionandMayorEricGarcettitoconsiderahostofwould-bereplacementsamongtheyoungerbrasswhomBeckhasmentored.（貝克的六月離任日期給委員會(huì)和市長(zhǎng)EricGarcetti留下了足夠的時(shí)間來考慮在貝克指導(dǎo)的年輕高層中尋找一批潛在的替代者）可推測(cè)接下來所說的內(nèi)容與此相關(guān)，符合文章的連貫性，因此選A。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干：作者對(duì)查理?貝克擔(dān)任洛杉磯警察局局長(zhǎng)的態(tài)度如何？

文章前面五段的內(nèi)容主要講述了貝克任職期間的成就；第六段至第九段主要講述了貝克在職期間的一些舉措引起的不好的影響；因此作者的觀點(diǎn)是中立的。

8.單選題

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。revive意為“復(fù)興，復(fù)蘇，重新使用”；renovate意為“翻新，修復(fù)，整修”；replace意為“替換”；remove意為“開除”。

句意：他們計(jì)劃一年時(shí)間內(nèi)修復(fù)這棟破舊的房子。

9.單選題

Everybodylikeshim.Heisvery（

）withallhiscolleagues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.familiar

C.close

D.vulgar

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，大家都很喜歡他，說明他很受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A最符合語境。

10.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負(fù)責(zé)；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個(gè)案件作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.翻譯題

Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.

Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.

ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”

Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivity

ToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.

Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.

Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants.

"It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."

FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”

【答案】斯坦福大學(xué)收到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的32,022份來自學(xué)生的申請(qǐng)，斯坦福稱這些申請(qǐng)“簡(jiǎn)直太棒了”，并接受了其中7%的申請(qǐng)。

在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，故事要復(fù)雜得多，對(duì)于陷入殘酷的選擇性循環(huán)的學(xué)生和大學(xué)來說，其含義也遠(yuǎn)沒有那么光明

但是，只要有大量的申請(qǐng)，大學(xué)就會(huì)通過廣泛而積極地招收更多的申請(qǐng)者，為申請(qǐng)埋下伏筆。

這種追求揭示了現(xiàn)代大學(xué)的兩面性:它是一個(gè)為公眾利益服務(wù)的地方也是一個(gè)有底線的企業(yè)。

“在3萬名申請(qǐng)者中，我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他說道，我只是最終拒絕同樣的孩子。

12.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thepersonheinterviewedwas（）hisformerschoolmate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)nootherthan“不是別的…；正是…”；B選項(xiàng)nomorethan“不過；僅僅”；C選項(xiàng)noneotherthan“不是別的…；正是…”；D選項(xiàng)nonetheless“仍然，還是”。句意：他采訪的人正是他以前的同學(xué)。因此A和C都符合句意，但在現(xiàn)代英語中nootherthan不太常用，且多用于指物，而常用noneotherthan來指人，故本題選C。

14.單選題

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】previously以前，預(yù)先；predominantly主要地，顯著地；practically實(shí)際地，事實(shí)上；permanently永久地。句意：在美國(guó)，超過三分之一的華人居住在加州，主要居住在舊金山。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章前半部分主要提到了與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的規(guī)律，壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了重大影響。文章后半部分將壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)層面延伸至政治層面，提出在政治選舉中也出現(xiàn)了相似的壟斷統(tǒng)治規(guī)律，這樣的民主實(shí)際上不是真正的民主。所以，本文主要圍繞現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的選舉政治這個(gè)話題展開的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章一二段主要提到了在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面出現(xiàn)的一種壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致供不應(yīng)求。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections”，可知選舉領(lǐng)域和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域類似，在選舉中往往是雙頭壟斷。可推斷出一二段提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象主要是為了引出政治層面存在的政治壟斷現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。Infront“在前面”；Attheforefront“最前沿”；Inthecenter“在中央，表具體位置”；Inthemiddle“在中間，表具體位置”。句意：廣告作為一種增加市場(chǎng)份額的主要方式出現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)的前端，不從事破壞性的、損益性的價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.”，可知政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是兩黨一致同意的，不公開辯論或討論。這里是說兩黨在政治方面壟斷，因此并不是說他們對(duì)于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)有一致觀點(diǎn)，而是完全由他們議定，不讓公眾或其他黨派插手。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“whatwouldbecalleda‘weakdemocracy’”，可知在文章末尾出現(xiàn)了Macpherson關(guān)于weakdemocracy的觀點(diǎn)，可推斷出，在接下來的文段中，可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步對(duì)weakdemocracy進(jìn)行討論。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Theoldprofessorhashadthefluforalongtimebuthehasfinally（）andisbackintheoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gotover

B.gotoverit

C.gotthrough

D.gotupit

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。getover“克服;恢復(fù)”，后面接賓語；getthrough“通過；到達(dá)”；getup“起床”由后半句“isbackintheoffice回到辦公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢復(fù)了健康，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：這位老教授患流感很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，但是最終他恢復(fù)了，并且回到了辦公室。

17.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Oneminute.

B.Fifteenminutes.

C.Halfanhour.

D.Fiveminutes.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlast?

M:Justashortwhile.

W:Aminute,5minute,halfanhour?

M:Oh,nothalfanhour.

W:Howlongdoesitlast?

M:Aboutaquarterofanhour.

Q:Howlongdoesthemansaythepainlast?

【解析】男人最后說的是“aquarterofanhour”,即15分鐘。故選B。

18.單選題

Peoplearecriticizingtheeconomicpoliciesthathave____thedeclineofmanufacturingindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.accepted

C.accessed

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assessed對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)估B.accepted接受；相信

C.accessed接近；進(jìn)入D.accelerated加速；促進(jìn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：人們對(duì)……制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。根據(jù)邏輯，因?yàn)槭侨藗兣u(píng)的，所以應(yīng)該是人們認(rèn)為有些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策會(huì)不利于制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，可能會(huì)加速制造業(yè)的衰退，對(duì)于這些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策人們提出批評(píng)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】人們對(duì)加速制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。

19.單選題

Whenan'inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible（1）ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea（2）,orpatentit.

A（3）patentistheresultofabargain（4）betweenaninventorandthestate,buttheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod（5）.

Onlythemostexceptionalcircumstances（6）thelifespanofapatent（7）toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

Thelongestextensionever（8）wastoGeorgesValensi:his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitwasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVto（9）andthusnohopeforrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanently（10）afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe（11）officecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasdialarefreeforanyonetouseand,if（12）thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone（13）toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough（14）patentsthattheonesurewayofviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform（15）invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally（16）totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis（17）onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyoneclosely（18）inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,（19）makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryformagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginate（20）thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.possibility

C.measures

D.courses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.open

B.covered

C.secret

D.improved

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.granting

C.inventing

D.invented

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.striking

B.struck

C.tobestriking

D.tos